Axial Bones and Markings
Axial Skeleton
Divided into three regions
1.
2.
3.
The Skull
Divided into cranium and facial bones
Cranium
Attachment for muscles and protect brain
Facial Bones
1. Form framework for the face
2. Provide cavities for special sense organs
3. Provide openings for air and food passage
4. Secure teeth
5. Anchor the facial muscles
Cranium
Paired
Parietal bones
Temporal bones
Unpaired
Frontal bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Four Sutures
Coronal
Sagittal
Squamous
Lambdoidal
Facial Bones
Mandible (lower jaw)
Vomer
Maxillae
Zygomatic
Nasal
Palatine
Bone Markings
External auditory meatus
Styloid process
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Mandibular Ramus
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyle
Paranasal Sinuses
Five skull bones contain the sinus cavities
Functions of sinuses
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Color each of the bones a different color and label them appropriately. Outline and label the
three sutures on the skulls below and list the fourth below. Make sure you know the markings as
well. Label the following bones, markings and sutures on the following diagrams.
Cranium Bones
Facial Bones
Sutures
Bone Markings
Sinus Cavities
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillae
Zygomatic
Nasal
Mandible
Palantines
Vomer
Sagittal
Coronal
Squamous
Lambdoid
External auditory meatus
Styloid process
Occipital condyle
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Mandibular ramus
Foramen magnum
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary