321/324 Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Fermentation
Essential Questions and Mastery Objectives
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Essential Questions
How is energy transferred to living systems from the Sun?
What evidence is there to suggest that the organic compounds produced by plants are the
primary source of energy and nutrients for most living things?
What are some paths for energy production and storage?
How are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration interrelated?
Mastery Objectives
Energy:
 Explain the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs and be able to provide examples
of each.
 Draw and describe the structures of an ADP and ATP molecule
 Explain how ATP releases energy
Photosynthesis
 Be able to write the balanced photosynthesis equation
o Be able to name each compound in the above equation
 Describe what is occurring during photosynthesis
 Label and state the functions of the parts of the leaf that are important in photosynthesis
including the following:
o Stoma—site of 02 and CO2 exchange in leaf
o Guard Cells—able to move to open and close the stomata to allow gas exchange;
able to close stomata to maintain H20 within the leaf
o Spongy Mesophyll—spaces allow for movement of gases
o Palisade Mesophyll—site where light is absorbed (chloroplasts here)
o Vein (Xylem—carries H20; Phloem—carries glucose)
 Label and state the functions of the parts of the plant cell that are important in
photosynthesis including the following:
o Vacuole—stores H20 and nutrients
o Chloroplast—site of photosynthesis
 Label the parts of the chloroplast including the following:
o Grana
o Stroma—site of Dark Reaction
o Thylakoid—site of Light Reactions (where chlorophyll is found)
 Identify the sites of the Light and Dark Reactions
 Know the 2 additional names of the Dark Reactions
 List the reactants and products of both the Light and Dark Reactions (what goes in and
what comes out)
turn over 
Cellular Respiration
 Be able to write the balanced cellular respiration equation
o Be able to name each compound in the above equation
 Describe what is occurring during cellular respiration
 List the 3 major steps in cellular respiration and know where each occurs
 Be able to label a mitochondrion including the following parts:
o Inner Membrane
o Outer Membrane
o Intermembrane Space
o Cristae
o Matrix
 List the reactants and products of each step of cellular respiration (what goes in and what
comes out)
 Be able to list and draw the 3 basic parts of the ATP molecule
 Define ATP (what does ATP stand for and what is it function)
 Identify the number of ATPs produced during glycolysis (net gain) and the number
produced in both the Kreb’s Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain combined
Fermentation
 Define fermentation
 Describe glycolysis as part of fermentation—what occurs
 List the 2 types of fermentation
 For each type of fermentation, indicate in what type of organism it might occur
 Know the basic chemical equation for each type of fermentation (you do not need to know
about electron carriers for fermentation i.e. NADH)
 Explain what types of products are produced from each type of fermentation and why they
are important