Key terms for Midterm exam 1
Points
# of items 
points/item
Yes/No:
10
5 *2
Matching:
10
5 *2
Multiple Choice:
10
5 *2
Identifications:
24
12 *2
Short Answer:
Take an example:
Essay questions:
20
10
16
10 *2
5 *2
4 *4
TOTAL
100
Types of Questions
Examples
Language is characterized by the transmission of signal that conveys information.
Yes ( ) No ( )
smaller units are combined into larger units
learnability
There is no direct connection between a word and its reference
discreteness
we use speech to refer to things in other times or places
semanticity
duality of patterning
Which of the following is not an argument for nativists’ view of language
acquisition?
a. speech of language acquisition
b. lack of linguistic input
c. individually different exposure to language leads to different grammars
d. early emergence of linguistic ability
In language acquisition, children seem to extend objects’ labels to other objects.
What is it called?
What is categorical perception?
Take an example of whole object hypothesis.
Briefly explain the method of data collection in psycholinguistics, and take
examples.
Briefly explain
NOTE that you need to have general concept of the following terms, distinguish them, and should be able to think
of an example for each term. Also, you should have understanding of different “theories” or “models”; what are
they? what are empirical evidence? research method used? any weaknesses?
Introduction:
1. Subfields of linguistics: What is phonetics phonology, morphology syntax, semantics?
2. consonants: manner of articulation, place of articulation, voicing
3. vowels: height and frontness of the tongue
4. phoneme and allophones
5. morpheme (bound vs. free, functional vs. content, root vs. affix etc)
6. Competence vs. Performance
7. Innateness
8. Communication, Signal, Language, and Speech
9. Hockett’s design features of language
Language Acquisition:
1. Theories of language acquisition: Imitation, Learning Theory, Innatist Theory
2. empiricists vs. rationalists view of language acquisition
3. Universal Grammar and Core Grammar
4. Language acquisition device
5. Principles and Parameters
6. Evidence and reasoning of nativism
7. Native language magnet mode
8. accommodation vs. assimilation
9. gap between comprehension and production
10. Mapping problem in semantic development
11. Whole-object hypothesis
12. Taxonomic constraint
13. Mutual exclusivity assumption
14. Over-extensions
15. Under-extensions
16. Syntactic Bootstrapping and Semantic Bootstrapping
17. MLU
18. Holophrases
19. Telegraphic stage
20. U-shaped development
21. Productivity in morphological development
22. statistical learning of language and research
Speech Perception:
1. Invariance problem
2. Segmentation problem
3. Categorical perception
4. identification task vs. discrimination task
5. VOT
6. Bottom-up processing vs. Top-down processing
7. pre-lexical vs. post-lexical
8. Phoneme Monitoring Task
9. Phoneme Restoration
10. prototype vs. storage of examplars
11. Motor Theory
12. Cohort Model
13. Three stages of word recognition
14. Trace
15. Frequency Effect
16. Phonological neighborhood effect
17. Context effect
18. Familiarity effects
19. McGurk Effect
Research Methods:
1. observational vs. experimental
2. quantitative vs. qualitative
3. theory-driven vs. data-driven
4. sucking habituation paradigm
5. head-turning procedures
6. inter-modal preferential looking task
7. production elicitation
8. identification task vs. discrimination task (in categorical perception)
9. shadowing – fluent restorations
10. cross-modal priming
11. Phoneme Monitoring Task