Anatomy and Physiology 242
Bone Tissue and Articulations Lab:
G.Blevins and G.Brady / SFCC, 2006-2007
Bone Tissue:
Slide 27
Classic view of compact bone. Make sure you can
identify these structures while observing the slide and
bone model:
Osteon, central canal or Haversian canal, Lacuna,
Concentric lamellae, Canaliculi, Interstitial lamellae,
Circumferential lamellae, perforating or
Volkmann’s canal, and Osteocytes.
Slide 26
A view of demineralized or decalicified bone. Bone
tissue was prepared by placing in acid to remove the
bone salts. As you view this slide, what you are
seeing is the organic matrix of bone tissue. It will
appear very similar to cartilage.
On the superficial surface you can observe the
Periosteum of the bone. As you observe the area of
compact bone you should be able to identify the
following structures: (Osteon, central canal or
Haversian canal, Lacuna, Concentric lamellae,
Canaliculi, Interstitial lamellae, Outer Circumferential
lamellae, Perforating canals or Volkmann’s canals,
Osteocytes)
To the inside of (deep to) the compact bone you can
observe spongy bone with its associated Red Bone
Marrow.
Slide 28
Classic view of an Epiphyseal Plate. You should
make sure you can identify the four Zones associated
with bone growth.
Zone of Resting Cartilage (appears like Hyaline
Cartilage)
Zone of Proliferating cartilage (small Chondroctyes
arranged in stacks)
Zone of Hypertrophic Cartilage (large Chondrocytes
in stacks)
Zone of Calcified Cartilage (Area where
physiologically stressed Chondroctyes deposit
calcium in the matrix
(See figure 7.13, Page 225 in text; p.23 of lab atlas;
or see laminated lab copy of the epiphyseal plate
posted on the A/P lab bulletin board)
Page 2 of 3
Articulations:
Be able to identify the different joints on the skeletons available in lab based upon their
Functional Classification. (Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, and Diarthroses)
Be able to identify the different joints on the skeletons available in lab based upon their
Structural Classification.
Fibrous: Sutures and Syndesmoses
Cartilaginous: Symphyses and Synchondroses
Synovial: All Diarthroses
Review the Tibofemoral (knee) joint model available in lab. Make sure you can identify
the following parts of the Tibofemoral joint: Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL), Posterior
Cruciate ligament (PCL), Lateral meniscus, Medial meniscus, Fibular (Lateral) collateral
ligament, Tibial (Medial) collateral ligament.
Note: The knee is a modified hinge joint. Structurally, it is a synovial joint.
Functionally, it is a diarthrosis.
Using yourself or your lab partner as a model, make sure you can identify the following
movements that occur at Synovial joints:
Flexion
Adduction
Pronation
Eversion
Hyperextension
Extention
Rotation
Supination
Dorsifexion
Abduction
Circumduction
Inversion
Plantar Flexion
Review the x-ray films available in lab and see if you can identify the bones.
Review the Frozen Calf bone available in lab. Make sure you can identify the structural
parts of this long bone. (Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Medullary cavity, Compact bone, Spongy
Bone, Periosteum, Endosteum, Red bone Marrow, Yellow Bone Marrow, Epiphyseal
plate, Articular Cartilage)
Observe the Plastic slide of the Auditory Ossicles available as a demonstration. View
these middle ear bones through the dissection scope and on the model. Make sure you
can identify them by their correct names. (Malleus, Incus, and Stapes)
P. 3 of 3
HISTOLOGY:
Be able to identify the following in the microscope,
photographs, diagrams, or models:
Periosteum
Endosteum
Marrow
Ground bone
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Compact bone
Volkmann’s (perforating) canals
Osteon (Haversian system)
Central (Haversian) canal
Concentric lamellae
Circumferential lamellae
Interstitial lamellae
Spongy bone
Trabeculae
Cartilage
Chondrocytes
Lacunae
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Endochondral ossification
Epiphyseal plate
4 Zones of epiphyseal plate
GROSS ANATOMY:
Be able to identify on the skeleton, in photographs,
diagrams or models, the following:
Bone Anatomy
Diaphysis
Medullary (marrow) cavity
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal line
Articular cartilage
Red and Yellow bone marrow
Compact bone
Nutrient foramen
Spongy bone
Trabeculae
Periosteum