Chapter 14 Review Sheet
Industry and Population
-Move west was difficult- disease and supply shortages
-Tobacco was prominent in the West
-Population of U.S. doubled every 25 years during the 1800’s
-1850’s- Millions of Germans and Irish immigrate to the U.S.
-Sewage Systems- created as a result of increasing city populations
-U.S. was destined for industry- Cheap land and lots of consumers
-New England was primarily made up of textile factories because it had poor soil
-Embargo Act of 1812- encouraged home manufacturing
-1860’s had 28,000 new patents up from 300 in 1800
-Limited Liability- can’t lose more than you invest- stimulated the economy
-50% of workers were children
-Adult working conditions were improved in the 1820’s and 1830’s
-1840’s – President Van Buren establishes 10 hour work days for federal employees
-Labor Unions started to form around the 1830’s but suffered during the Panic of 1837
-Commonwealth vs. Hunt- legalized unions for peaceful and honorable protest
-South- cotton was 50% of exports
-North- mostly wheat with England and textiles
-Divison of labor in each region accounted for each region’s specialization in a certain
product
-South- cotton to New England
-West- grain and livestock
-East- machines, textiles for South and West
Vocab
-Black Forties- 1840’s when millions of Irish immigrated to the U.S. (NYC and Boston)
due to a famine in Ireland
-Nativists- old Americans who hated new comers
-Know Nothing Party- anti catholic nativists who wanted to keep new comers out
People/Inventions
-Elias Howe and Isaac Singer- Sewing machine
-Samuel Morse- Telegraph
-Samuel Slater- Father of Factory System- memorized textile machine and brought it to
U.S.
-Eli Whitney- cotton gin
-John Deere- steel plow that cut through hard soil
-Cyrus McCormick- invented the mechanical mower-reaper to harvest grain
-Robert Fulton- invented the 1st steamboat, the Clermont
-Cyrus Field- laid a transatlantic cable in 1866 from U.S. to Europe
-Donald Mckay – clipper ships- faster boats
-Pony Express- carried messages 2,000 miles in 10 days
-eventually replaced by the telegraph wire
Highways ,Steamboats and Railroads
-Lancaster Turnpike- a hard road from Philly to Lancaster, PA that brought economic
expansion westward
-Cumberland Road aka The National Road- Maryland to Illinois- with state and Fed
money
-Steamboat increased U.S. trade
-“Clinton’s Big Ditch”- Erie Canal- Lake Erie to the Hudson River
-shortened the expense and time of transportation between cities along the canal
-1st Railroad in the U.S. was introduced in 1828 but by 1860 there were 30,000 miles of
tracks
-Steamboats connected the south to the west
-More canals allow for more trade from the east to the west
-New York became the new hub for trade due to the Erie Canal
Timeline
-1750- Industrial Revolution begins
-1791- Samuel Slater builds first U.S. textile factory
-1793- Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin
-1798- Whitney develops interchangeable parts for muskets
-1807- Robert Fulton’s first steamboat Embargo spurs American manufacturing
-1811- Cumberland road construction begins
-1817- Erie canal begins
-1825- Erie canal completed
-1828- 1st Railroad in the U.S.
-1830’s- Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical mower reaper
-1834- Anti Catholic riot in Boston
-1837- John Deere Develops steel plow
-1840- Ten hour work day by Van Buren
-1843-1868- Era of Clipper ships
-1844- Samuel Morse invents telegraph and Anti Catholic riot in Philly
-1845-49- Potato famine in Ireland
-1846- Elias Howe invents sewing machine
-1848- first incorporation laws in NY
-1849- Know nothing party is formed
-1852-Cumberland Road completed
-1858- Cyrus field lays the transatlantic cable
-1860- Pony Express established
-1866- Permanent transatlantic cable is laid