American Beginnings to 1877 Test Bank
The Virginia House of Burgesses was important to the development of democracy in the thirteen
colonies because it
(1) provided an example of a representative form
of government
(2) created the first written constitution in
America
(3) provided for direct election of senators
(4) began the practice of legislative override of
executive vetoes
The pamphlet Common Sense, by Thomas Paine, aided the American cause in the Revolutionary War
because it
(1) convinced France to join in the fight against
England
(2) led to the repeal of the Stamp Act
(3) created a new system of government for the
United States
(4) persuaded individuals who were undecided
to support independence
The United States Constitution corrected a weakness of the Articles of Confederation by
(1) creating three branches of government
(2) giving greater power to state governments
(3) providing a clear definition of states’ rights
(4) granting the right to vote to all white males
Which group had the most influence on the ideas stated in the Declaration of Independence and United
States Constitution?
(1) political leaders of Spain and Portugal
(2) religious leaders of the medieval period
(3) writers of the Renaissance
(4) philosophers of the Enlightenment
The writers of the United States Constitution included the requirement for a census every ten years
primarily to
(1) regulate numbers of immigrants
(2) determine representation in Congress
(3) decide when new states were needed
(4) set goals for population growth
A central theme of the Puritan Ethic is its emphasis on:
(A) world economic dependency on the institution of slavery.
(B) the mobility of America's class structure.
(C) the damaging effects of slavery on the South's economy.
(D) patriotism and the glorification of the American nation.
(E) hard work, thrift, and sobriety as signs of election.
In colonial America the enlightened view that reason can solve humanity's problems helps explain the:
(A) early growth of New England education.
(B) eighteenth century belief in Deism.
(C) lack of public libraries.
(D) Puritan and Quaker attitudes toward slavery.
(E) curriculum of higher education.
The competition for North American territory was a major cause of:
(A) the Mexican-American War.
(B) the French and Indian War.
(C) the Revolutionary War.
(D) the Civil War.
(E) the War of 1812.
To promote public libraries and the study of philosophy in colonial America was a major objective of
the:
(A) Moravian Community in colonial Pennsylvania.
(B) Knickerbocker magazine of the 1840's.
(C) Rappites and Shakers.
(D) American Phrenological Journal in the 1840's.
*(E) Philadelphia Junto Club.
A major objective of the New England Transcendentalists was to:
(A) expand humanity's vision of itself by stressing individual initiative.
(B) subject the community to the moral and political leadership of a few.
(C) promote the ideals of economic and political equality.
(D) raise the public's consciousness concerning the immorality of slavery.
(E) promote public awareness of the bad effects of alcohol by urging sobriety.
Who among the following was the first to circumnavigate the world, although he died on route?
(A) Juan Ponce de Leon.
(B) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
(C) Giovanni da Verrazano
(D) Hernando de Soto
(E) Ferdinand Magellan
All of the following are characteristics of the Puritans EXCEPT:
(A) a belief in hard work, sobriety, and material success.
(B) a respect for education.
(C) a belief that intellectual leadership is supplied by the clergy.
(D) a disbelief in Democracy.
(E) a toleration of other religious beliefs.
A central objective of John Rolfe was:
(A) to encourage centralization and cooperation.
(B) to increase the wealth of the mother country.
(C) to keep the colonies friendly.
(D) to develop the fur trade.
(E) to encourage the Virginia tobacco crop.
During colonial times, the Congregationalists settled in:
(A) Pennsylvania.
(B) New York.
(C) New Jersey.
(D) New England.
(E) Maryland.
A central objective of the early New England Puritan leadership was to:
(A) establish religious liberty for all.
(B) eliminate the use of alcohol and tobacco.
(C) eliminate any distinction between church and state.
(D) reproduce the ecclesiastical structure of the Church of England.
(E) establish the moral authority of the community over individual self-interest..
A region near a bay is called the:
(A) fall line.
(B) Great Divide.
(C) tidewater.
(D) Appalachians.
(E) Piedmont.
All of the following were religious leaders during colonial times EXCEPT:
(A) William Ellery Channing.
(B) Benjamin Rush.
(C) John Woolman.
(D) Cotton Mather.
(E) George Whitefield.
A tidewater refers to:
(A) a plain in the eastern region of the United States.
(B) an area where the directional flow of rivers changes.
(C) the major eastern mountain range.
(D) a region near a bay.
(E) the navigability of rivers.
Who among the following discovered Florida while searching for the legendary "Fountain of Youth?"
(A) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
(B) Juan Ponce de Leon *
(C) Ferdinand Magellan
(D) Giovanni da Verranzano
(E) Hernando de Soto
The First Great Awakening was:
(A) a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies. (B) a slave rebellion in colonial
South Carolina.
(C) an eighteenth century religious movement among Native Americans (Indians) dedicated to
reaffirming traditional values.
(D) the flowering of Enlightment political thought in colonial America.
(E) an early colonial protest against English imperial policy.
Which of the following MOST ACCURATELY describes the attitude of seventeenth century Puritans
toward religious liberty?
(A) Having suffered persecution in England, they extended toleration to everyone.
(B) The tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views.
(C) They tolerated all Protestant sects, but not Catholics.
(D) They tolerated Catholics, but not Quakers.
(E) They had no coherent views on religious liberty.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia?
(A) It was forced on reluctant white Virginians by profit-minded English merchants and the mercantilist
officials of the Crown.
(B) It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved Blacks.
(C) It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company.
(D) It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the
demand for low-cost labor.
(E) It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in the
tobacco fields.
The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led
Great Britain to:
(A) encourage colonial manufactures.
(B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies.
(C) ignore the colonies.
(D) restrict immigration from England.
(E) grant increased colonial self-government.
Deists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries believed that:
(A) natural laws, set by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe.
(B) prayer has the power to make significant changes in a person's life.
(C) the idea of God is merely the childish imagining of simple minds.
(D) the universe was created by a natural, spontaneous combining of elements.
(E) intuition rather than reason leads human beings to an awareness of the divine.
The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to:
(A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy.
(B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitations.
(C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing.
(D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country.
(E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations.
The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy were distinctive in that they:
(A) were less militant than other Native American (Indian) tribes.
(B) all allied themselves with the American colonists against Great Britain during the Revolutionary
War.
(C) successfully resisted incorporation into the English fur-trading system.
(D) were converted to Anglicanism.
(E) formed the most important Native American political organization to confront the colonists.
According to a current widely accepted hypothesis , which of the following was common to all of the
native peoples of North and South America before 1492?
(A) Accurate astronomical calendars.
(B) Domestication of wild horses.
(C) Rotation of agricultural crops.
(D) Descent from Asian peoples.
(E) Mining of gold and silver.
In the creation of which of the following colonies was commercial profit the first and foremost motive?
(A) Connecticut
(B) Maryland
(C) Virginia
(D) Pennsylvania
(E) Rhode Island
Great Britain's conquest of French North America was facilitated by which of the following?
(A) The large number of English-speaking settlers in Canada.
(B) The discovery of the Northwest Passage.
(C) The thin settlement of France's North American colonies.
(D) The munitions industry in England's Atlantic Seaboard colonies.
(E) The Battle of Austerlitz.
Benjamin Franklin's advice to eighteenth century American colonists that hard work and thrift would
lead them to wealth was an appropriate formula for the time because:
(A) taxes on income were needed by the government to raise revenues.
(B) land scarcity and a rapidly growing population seriously curtailed economic opportunities.
(C) most people of the period were unusually gullible and thus easily motivated by slogans and
proverbs.
(D) formal education and specialized skills were less necessary to economic success than they would
later become.
(E) legal restraints on the inheritance of wealth were increasing.
The eighth Amendment to the Constitution that establishes the principle of "bail" deals with:
(A) the principle of reasonable search and seizure.
(B) the right to have an attorney provided by the government.
(C) the issue of preventing detention.
(D) the issues of tuition and tax credits private schools.
(E) the prohibition against self-incrimination.
The economic idea of regulating intrastate commerce best matches:
(A) the powers reserved by the states.
(B) the powers held concurrently.
(C) the powers delegated to the Congress.
(D) a loose interpretation of the Constitution .
(E) the Preamble to the Consititution.
Because of the Townshend Acts:
(A) the Committees of Correspondence were formed.
(B) the First Continental Congress was convened.
(C) the principle of "salutary neglect" ended.
(D) the colonists resented mercantilist economic policy.
(E) colonists demanded "no taxation without representation."
Wisconsin was carved out of the:
(A) annexation of Texas.
(B) Mexican Cessian.
(C) Oregon Territory.
(D) Northwest Territory.
(E) Louisiana Territory.
The United States Constitution provides for all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) two terms for the president.
(B) equality under the law.
(C) direct election of senators.
(D) presidential nominating conventions.
(E) trial by jury.
Which of the following had the LEAST number of followers in America in 1775?
(A) The Dutch Reformed
(B) The Anglicans
(C) The Congregationalists
(D) The Presbyterians
(E) The Unitarians
The quotation "... those who indulge themselves will soon drop to the lower levels of society" best
describes:
(A) a view of Alexander Hamilton.
(B) families dominating the older Atlantic states.
(C) a view of Benjamin Franklin.
(D) the life of Thomas Paine.
(E) Jefferson's delight in the exploration of the Northwest.
The United States Constitution provides for all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) delegated powers.
(B) concurrent powers.
(C) federalism.
(D) "elastic clause."
(E) immigration laws.
A result of the Macon Act was:
(A) an increase in sectional self-awareness.
(B) a boycott against England.
(C) improved conditions for construction of a canal through Central America.
(D) improvement of agricultural education.
(E) stimulation of migration westward.
Which of the following is a motive for the Currency Act of 1764?
(A) Taxes on newspapers
(B) The goal of regulating trade with the West Indies
(C) Prohibition of paper money in the colonies
(D) The prevention of frauds and abuses in trade
(E) Imposing high tariffs on imports from the West Indies.
Which of the following is true about the Boston Tea Party?
(A) Granted a virtual monopoly to the East India Company.
(B) Closed the port of Boston, changed the government of Massachusetts, and tried royal officials in
Great Britain.
(C) Ordered the colonists to remain on the eastern side of the Appalachians.
(D) Reaffirmed Parliament's right to tax the colonists.
(E) Defied the English by destroying English property.
Which event do we associate with "Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed"?
(A) The issuing of the Declaration of Independence
(B) A naval victory of John Paul Jones
(C) The signing of the Mayflower Compact
(D) The First Continental Congress
(E) The outbreak of the American Revolution
The most important cause of the American Revolution was:
(A) the American desire to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
(B) the struggle between England and France for world supremecy.
(C) the expansion of French influence in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys.
(D) the British abandonment of the policy of "salutary neglect."
(E) the British violation of the principle of "freedom of the seas."
The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary War America were primarily:
(A) lawyers, doctors, and other professtionals.
(B) northern merchants and southern planters.
(C) inland farmers.
(D) industrialists.
(E) local governmental officials.
The Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 were notable accomplishments because they:
(A) established the principle that western lands are the joint property of all the states.
(B) initiated a territorial policy that provided for the orderly creation of new states.
(C) made possible a policy of Native American (Indian) relations that enabled new western areas to be
settled peacefully.
(D) put land into the hands of the actual settler rather than the speculator.
(E) were the basis for the future settlement of the dispute with Britain over the northwest posts.
France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily
by:
(A) enthusiasm for the revolutionary principles espoused by the Americans.
(B) a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain.
(C) a desire to regain Canada and the Floridas.
(D) pressures from its ally, Spain.
(E) the hope of converting the United States into a French dependency.
By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a
republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish:
(A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite.
(B) a strong chief executive.
(C) a small, limited government responsible to the people.
(D) unlimited male suffrage.
(E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status.
Marbury v. Madison (1803) is famous for establishing the principle of:
(A) the sanctity of contracts.
(B) the supremecy of the executive over the legislative branch.
(C) judicial review.
(D) due process of law.
(E) equal access by any citizen to federal courts.
A major defect in the national government established by the Articles of Confederation was that it
lacked:
(A) a means of amending the Articles.
(B) the authority to tax.
(C) the power to declare war.
(D) the authority to make treaties.
(E) a legislative branch.
Which of the following was a widely held belief among the Founding Fathers of the United States?
(A) Direct democracy is superior to representative government.
(B) Widespread ownership of property is a bulwark of republican government.
(C) Political parties are an inevitable outgrowth of republican government.
(D) Universal manhood suffrage is essential in a free government.
(E) The separation of legislative, executive, and judicial functions leads to governmental chaos.
After 1763, changes in the British imperial system threatened the interests of which of the following
groups of American colonists?
I. Land speculators with interests west of the Appalachians
II. Newspaper editors and lawyers
III. Farmers wishing to settle in the Ohio River Valley
IV. Boston smugglers
(A) III only
(B) IV only
(C) I and III only
(D) I, III, and IV only
(E) I, II, III, IV
The Stamp Act of 1765 was designed to:
(A) increase colonial postal rates.
(B) establish a colonial mint to stamp out silver coins.
(C) facilitate British postal censorship of colonial mails.
(D) establish a colonial postal service.
(E) increase British tax revenue from the colonies.
The French government supported the American Revolution primarily because:
(A) There was general support for the political ideals of the Englightenment in France.
(B) an American victory would enable France to recapture Canada.
(C) Benjamin Franklin and his scientific achievements inspired the admiration of the French.
(D) France wished to reduce the British empire and gain influence in North America.
(E) France's ally, Spain, was eager to recapture Gibralter from Britain.
During the early 1780s, the authority of the national government was vested in?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The legislative branch.
The judicial branch.
The executive branch.
All of the choices are correct.
The 3/5 Compromise of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 provided that?
A. For purposes of representation and taxation, the votes of three free men were equal to those of five
states.
B. The votes of 3/5 of the southern states would be needed to pass any federal legislation affecting
slavery.
C. Counted as three free persons.
D. The voted of 3/5 of the southern states would be needed to pass any federal legislation affecting
representation or taxation.
The Constitution failed to address an issue concerning the Native Americans that would dictate their
future relationship with whites. The issue was?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The legitimacy of the treaties negotiated by the Confederacy.
Regulation of commerce with the Indians.
The right of the federal government to tax the Native Americans.
Tribal sovereignty over their lands.
One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was?
A. Their lack of an adequate mechanism for Congress to force states to comply with
its decisions.
B. Their focus on the separation of powers within the federal branch of government.
C. Their failure to adequately curb the executive branch of government.
D. Their failure to provide women and free blacks with the right to vote.
E. Their strict tax collections provisions. These raised resentments amount the people
in the smaller states who believed that they were being overtaxed while residents of
the larger states were being under taxed.
The positions of loose construction and strict construction of the Constitution were first established in
letters written by Hamilton and Jefferson to President Washington. The letters concerned?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Our obligations to France under the Treaty of 1778.
Consolidating the national, state, and foreign debt and paying them at face value.
An appropriate response to the Whiskey Rebellion.
The issue of creating a Bank of the United States.
Jefferson’s decision to purchase Louisiana.
Hamilton proposed a tariff soon after the launching of the United States government in order to? :
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Stop the export of raw materials to great Britain.
Help develop manufacturing in the United States.
Help develop the American labor movement.
Punish Great Britain for postwar harassment of American shipping.
Support the creation of an American merchant marine.
Women emerged from the American Revolution with the prescribed new responsibility.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Enjoying the right to vote.
Serving in local political office.
Becoming public school teachers.
Raising sons and daughters as good republican citizens.
All of these choices are correct.
The primary issue in dispute in Shay’s Rebellion was?
A. The failure of Massachusetts to pay a promised postwar bonus to soldiers who had
served in its forces during the revolution.
B. The jailing of individuals or seizure of their property for failure to pay taxes during
a time of economic hardship.
C. The failure of Massachusetts authorities to take adequate steps to protect the
western part of the state from the depredations of raiding Indians.
D. Economic oppression practiced by the banking interests of eastern Massachusetts.
The Jay Treaty (1794) provided for? :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The acceptance of the American trde with the French West Indies.
Free navigation of the Mississippi.
An ending of impressments of American seamen.
The settlement of the Canadian boundary.
Evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes.
The Northwest ordinance of 1787 established what precedent for new territories? :
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Equality of new states with old.
Fair treatment of Indians.
Popular sovereignty.
Support for public education.
Prohibition of slavery.
. In the Republican vision of America, Education was essential because? :
a.
b.
c.
d.
Schools were the best place to teach children to be good party members.
An ignorant electorate could not be trusted to perseverance democracy.
Business leaders needed to be educated.
Schools were where religious values were taught.
The Judiciary Act of 1789? :
A. Established a system of lower federal courts.
B. Provided for the election of federal judges
C. Provided for the establishment of state courts.
D. Provided for the impeachment of federal officials.
The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to?
A. Capture French and British spies.
B. Control the Federalists.
C. Silence and punish critics of the Federalists.
D. Keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president.
Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796?
A. Warmly endorsed the appearance of two contending political parties in America?
B. Warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances.
C. Was delivered to a joint session of Congress by Washington himself.
D. Proposed a two- term limitation on the presidency.
Which of the following was NOT a cause of John Adam’s defeat in the presidential election of 1800?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Alien and Sedition Acts.
The XYZ Affair.
Alexander Hamilton’s disagreement with John Adams.
British harassment of American sailors.
The failure of Adams to support war with France.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued that the rights to determine the constitutionality of a law
passed by Congress rested in?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Congress
The states.
The President
The Supreme Court.
The vote of the people.
A revolution in what country made American neutrally an issue in the 1790’s?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Great Britain
Spain
The Netherlands
France
Germany
While Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the Supreme Court, its decisions?
A. Were generally protective of states’ rights.
B. Showed no clear leaning toward either a “board” or “strict” interpretation of the
Constitution.
C. Laid the groundwork for a “board” interpretation of the Constitution.
D. Reflected the impact of Thomas Jefferson’s Kentucky Resolutions.
E. Were hostile to the development of business.
The Federalists made a last gasp attempt to maintain power by?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Creating new federal courts and judges.
Repealing the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Supporting Aaron Burr for president.
Plotting a revolution to prevent the election of Jefferson.
Which of the following best reflects the economic hardships of the “Critical Period”? (Between Articles
of Confederation and Constitution)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Stamp Act Congress.
The Northwest Ordinance.
Tom Paine’s Common Sense.
The Embargo Act of 1807.
Shay’s Rebellion.
The international incident known as the XYZ Affair involved?
A. A French foreign minister’s demand for a bribe before he would meet with American
envoys.
B. The British refused to evacuate their forts on American territory.
C. General Andrew Jackson’s incursion into Spanish- held Florida.
D. The British seizure of American crewmen from a U.S Navy warship in Chesapeake
Bay.
E. Aaron Burr’s secret plot to detach the western United States in order to create a new
nation of which he would be ruler.
American belief in the progress of technology from 1830 to 1860 encouraged:
(A) free public libraries and museums.
(B) democratic goals of political, social, and economic equality.
(C) local communities to raise intellectual and moral standards.
(D) nineteenth-century reforms toward free public education.
(E) applied rather than theoretical science.
All of the following concepts are remembered about Washington's policy of neutrality EXCEPT:
(A) the Era of Good Feeling.
(B) an American desire to avoid involvement in the Napoleonic Wars.
(C) Washington's Farewell Address.
(D) the development of political parties.
(E) the recall of Citizen Genet by the French government.
Andrew Jackson advocated all of the following issues EXCEPT:
(A) Democratic reform.
(B) the extension of suffrage.
(C) property qualifications for voting.
(D) the convention system.
(E) popular participation in government.
Martin Van Buren supported an independent treasury in order:
(A) to weaken a banking monopoly.
(B) to separate the national government from the banking system.
(C) to stimulate investment in the North and the West.
(D) to put United States credit on firm ground.
(E) to increase capital investment in the South.
Arrange the following in their proper time order: (A) WebsterHayne Debate, (B) Missouri Compromise, (C) "corrupt bargain",
(D) South Carolina Exposition (1832)
(A) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
(B) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
(C) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
(D) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Alexander Hamilton advocated all of the following policies EXCEPT:
(A) a lower duty on imports.
(B) the use of excise taxes.
(C) rule by the intelligentsia.
(D) a national bank.
(E) a protective tariff.
The era of the late 1830's was accompanied by:
(A) the prominent activism of the Beecher family.
(B) an economic panic abruptly ending labor reform.
(C) the upsurge of social reform.
(D) the continued expansion of the "Protestant Passion."
(E) a growing consensus for free public education.
All of the following are true of Protestantism in the nineteenth century EXCEPT:
(A) that most followers remained in the Congregational, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches.
(B) that the materialism of American society was incorporated into the religion.
(C) the belief that God continued to be active in human affairs.
(D) that Orthodox Calvinism grew more stringent.
(E) that ordained churchgoers still believed in the Trinity.
The heavy migration to the west called attention to the need for better roads and canals is true about:
(A) the economic basis of sectionalism.
(B) the internal improvement policy of 1815.
(C) Jefferson's economic policy.
(D) rechartering the Second National Bank 1816.
(E) Jackson's economic policy.
Man's awareness of nature and its many natural wonders is a theme in:
(A) Thomas Jefferson's Notes on Virginia.
(B) Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" and Age of Reason.
(C) George Fitzhugh's Cannibals All and Sociology for the South.
(D) Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac.
(E) Jonathan Edward's "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
An historian studying the Tariff of 1828 most likely concludes that:
(A) it contained a sharp reduction of duties.
(B) it was a reasonable attempt at protectionist policy.
(C) it continued the policy of the tariff that preceded it.
(D) some who voted for it hoped it would fail.
(E) it was an attempt at a compromise.
Each of the following events is associated with the results of the War of 1812 EXCEPT:
(A) peace on the frontier for a full generation.
(B) the end of hostility by the Treaty of Ghent.
(C) a renewal of British settlement in the Northwest Territory.
(D) the rapid growth of manufacturing in the United States.
(E) the return to a policy of isolation by the United States.
All of the following events occurred during the administration of James Monroe EXCEPT:
(A) the closing of the Western Hemisphere to further colonization.
(B) the end of the "Era of Good Feeling" which was typified by a spirit of nationalism.
(C) the purchase of Florida from Spain.
(D) the convention of 1818 at which the boundary between the United States and Canada was
established.
(E) the Rush-Bagot Agreement in which the United States and Great Britain agreed to naval
disarmament on the Great Lakes.
The Non-Intercourse Act involves which of the following?
(A) State nullification
(B) Strong protection of new industries
(C) Free navigation on the Mississippi
(D) Protecting maritime rights
(E) An embargo bill lasting no more than sixty days
The Brook Farm experiment:
(A) stressed hard work, sobriety, and material success.
(B) stressed economic and social eqalitarianism.
(C) stressed complex marriage, birth control, and the eugenic selection of parents to produce superior
offspring.
(D) became the largest single Protestant body in the United States.
(E) believed in plain communal living and exalted thought.
De Witt Clinton supported government expenditures on transportation:
(A) to help the development of manufacturing in the South.
(B) to help the development of New York.
(C) to help create a new social order.
(D) to help the development of the West.
(E) as part of a plan known as the American System.
That there is wide use of the Gothic style is a trend evident in:
(A) eighteenth-century cabinetmaking.
(B) nineteenth-century cabinetmaking.
(C) America's Romantic Movement in the architecture of the 1840's and 1850's.
(D) public and private buildings such as those of colonial Williamsburg.
(E) America's public buildings of the federal style.
All of the following are true of Tecumseh EXCEPT:
(A) he fought against the forces of Indiana Territory Governor William Henry Harrison at the Battle of
Tippecanoe.
(B) he was chief of the Shawnee.
(C) he brought the Indians of the Northwest Territory into a confederation.
(D) he received aid from the British government.
(E) he successfully halted American settlement along the Mississippi River.
An historian studying the economy in 1837 most likely asks:
(A) "What effect did the railroad boom have on the economy as a whole?"
(B) "What effect did a sudden increase in specie have on the economy?"
(C) "What effect did a single invention have on the economy?"
(D) "What effect did canals have on the United States economic development?"
(E) "What effect did a crisis in financial institutions have on the entire economy?"
All of the following were among the fundamentalist denominations of the 1830's EXCEPT:
(A) the Disciples of Christ.
(B) the Primitives.
(C) the Mormons.
(D) the Free Willers.
(E) the Presbyterians.
Which of the following had the most effective influence on Edward Everett's public popularity?
(A) America's growing interest in health and fitness.
(B) America's growing shift from an oral to a literary tradition.
(C) America's growing interest in free public education.
(D) America's growing apprecation of rhetoric and oratory.
(E) America's growing interest in the novel and unique.
The man responsible for scoring a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans is remembered as:
(A) "Old Rough-and-Ready."
(B) having said "We have met the enemy and they are ours."
(C) having said "Don't give up the ship."
(D) "Old Hickory."
(E) "Old Fuss and Feathers."
The Cumberland Trail connects:
(A) the Northwest Territory with New Orleans.
(B) Cincinnati with Louisville.
(C) Omaha with Kansas City.
(D) Tulsa with Little Rock.
(E) Baltimore with Wheeling.
The Harford Convention pertains to which of the following?
(A) Importation of slaves until 1808, Three-Fifths Compromise, Elastic Clause, and "due process."
(B) Petition by grievances, "All men are created equal", inalienable rights, and consent of the governed.
(C) Opposition to slavery, opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Law, and the
protective tariff.
(D) Two-thirds vote to declare war, omission of slaves from the census, one term for presidents, and
opposition to the War of 1812.
(E) Sovereignty of each state, indivisibility of sovereignty, null and void, and the union as a compact
among states.
That it aided financial operations of the government is true about:
(A) Jefferson's economic policy.
(B) rechartering the Second National Bank of 1816.
(C) Jackson's economic policy.
(D) the internal improvement policy of 1815.
(E) the economic basis of sectionalism.
Purposes of Alexander Hamilton’s tax, tariff, and debt manipulation schemes during the presidency of
George Washington included?
A. Ridding the federal government of debt as soon as possible.
B. Ending undue government interference in the economy.
C. Binding the interest of the moneyed class to the new federal government.
D. Maintaining the United States as an agrarian society.
E. Promoting the importation of British manufactured goods.
During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans openly disagreed over?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The extent of popular control of government.
Foreign policy toward England and France.
The activities of Citizen Genet.
The fiscal policies of the national government.
All of these choices are correct.
A cash crop is one that is raised primarily for
A. sale.
B. food.
C. a farmer's own use.
D. a colony's home country.
Which of the following was "awakened" during the Great Awakening?
A. religious belief
B. feelings of patriotism
C. tensions between rich and poor colonists
D. tensions between colonists and Native Americans
The Puritans' views and attitudes led them to strive for
A. social equality.
B. a moral society.
C. religious tolerance.
D. separation of church and state.
During the 1700s, the major reason that there were more Africans enslaved in the South than in
the North was that
A. slavery had been outlawed in the North.
B. enslaved persons could not tolerate the climate of the North.
C. Southern colonists were less willing to do physical labor.
D. the Southern economy required a larger number of field laborers.
The Spanish first moved into the North American Southwest in an effort to
A. make friends with Native Americans.
B. obtain trade goods.
C. find gold and other treasures.
D. strengthen the security of New Spain.
Most colonial governments in the 1700s were similar in that
A. they were based on the same original charter.
B. the British Crown paid the governor's large salary.
C. landowning white males elected the local assembly.
D. they created a land-owning aristocracy and a landless lower class.
The middle passage refers to the part of the triangular trade system that carried
A. rum from the West Indies to New England.
B. manufactured American products to markets in England.
C. slaves from the West Indies to North America.
D. slaves from Africa to the West Indies and North America.
One way in which Roger Williams's beliefs differed from those of other Puritans was that he
believed
A. every person should worship according to the laws of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
B. English settlers should purchase land from Native Americans.
C. the church and the state should be closely related.
D. dissenters should be sent back to England.
According to mercantilism, a nation could increase its wealth and power by obtaining as much
gold and silver as possible and by
A. establishing a favorable balance of trade.
B. establishing friendly relationships with the native peoples.
C. conquering wealthy countries.
D. taxing its citizens.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
A. claimed all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains for the United States.
B. established a plan for dividing the land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
C. established procedures by which the original states could legalize claims to western lands.
The Great Compromise proposed that a state's representation in the House of
Representatives would be determined by
A. the size of the state's population.
B. the size of the state's slave population.
C. the size of the state's land area.
The delegates established a system of checks and balances to
A. limit the authority of the national government.
B. ensure a way of changing the Constitution.
C. prevent any one federal branch from dominating the other two.
Ratification of the Constitution required approval by
A. seven states.
B. nine states.
C. all thirteen states.
The elastic clause in the Constitution allows for
A. limiting the power of the government.
B. flexibility to meet the changing needs of the people.
C. detailed descriptions of the powers of each branch of government.
During which event did the first fighting between redcoats and minutemen occur?
A. Boston Massacre
B. Battle of Lexington
C. Battle of Monmouth
D. Battle of Bunker Hill
Colonial opposition to the Stamp Act was stronger than opposition to the Sugar Act because
A. merchants feared reduced profits.
B. the Stamp Act included a tax on newspapers.
C. the Stamp Act affected colonists directly.
D. the Sugar Act actually reduced the tax on molasses.
One direct result of the Intolerable Acts was
A. the Boston Tea Party.
B. the formation of the First Continental Congress.
C. the Battle of Bunker Hill.
D. outrage over the Boston Massacre.
The result of Shays's Rebellion was to demonstrate that
A. the government set up by the Articles of Confederation was ineffective.
B. the government could function effectively in a time of crisis.
C. individual states had too much power.
D. citizens will always protest new taxes.
The use of an electoral college to select a president was
A. an attempt to weaken the executive branch of government.
B. favored by states with large populations.
C. unsuccessful and quickly abandoned.
D. an attempt to limit the power of the masses.
The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution in order to
A. protect the rights of black Americans.
B. protect the rights of women.
C. strengthen the authority of the central government.
D. appease the Antifederalists' concern over individual rights.
Which of the following men was most in favor of seizing land from Mexico?
A. James K. Polk
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. John C. Calhoun
D. Abraham Lincoln
Which area did the Monroe Doctrine aim to free from European influence?
A. the Oregon Territory
B. the Western Hemisphere
C. North America
D. Texas
For which action is Nat Turner famous?
A. leading a violent slave revolt
B. fighting in the American Revolution
C. publishing an antislavery newspaper
D. promoting a nonviolent end to slavery
What did the abolition movement promote?
A. instituting slavery in new U.S. territories
B. prohibiting the drinking of alcohol
C. removing Native Americans from eastern states
D. ending the institution of slavery
The Supreme Court's ruling in Marbury v. Madison ensured that
A. lame-duck presidents could not make last-minute court appointments.
B. the legislature could not interpret the Constitution any way it chose.
C. the judicial branch had an equal role in making laws.
D. presidential appointments could not be based on partisan politics.
The Monroe Doctrine was largely a response to
A. the debate over admitting slave states to the Union.
B. European nations' interest in colonies in North and South America.
C. the need to strengthen the national economy despite sectional differences.
D. fighting between western settlers and Native Americans.
Under Mexican rule, Texas appealed to American settlers mainly because of its
A. cheap land.
B. legalized slavery.
C. religious freedom.
D. government protection from Native Americans.
All of the following present-day states were ceded to the United States in the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo except
A. Texas.
B. Florida.
C. California.
D. New Mexico.
Farmers who agreed to give most of their harvest to the landowners in exchange for use of the
land, seeds, and tools were known as
A. tenant farmers.
B. the planter class.
C. sharecroppers.
D. scalawags.
All of the following concepts are associated with the settlement of California EXCEPT:
(A) the Forty-Niners contributing to a population explosion.
(B) the Mexican cession.
(C) the Bear Flag Revolt.
(D) John C. Fremont's proclaiming the Republic of California.
(E) French colonization during the eighteenth century.
Henry Clay is closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) the American System.
(B) supporting War Hawks in 1812.
(C) compromising on slavery.
(D) writing the Compromises of 1850.
(E) opposing popular sovereignty
Stephen A. Douglas is closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) the presidential candidacy in 1860.
(B) the Freeport Doctrine.
(C) Popular Sovereignty.
(D) the Kansas Nebraska Act.
(E) the abolition of slavery throughout the United States.
The term "abolitionist movement" refers to:
(A) a Southerner who controlled the new state governments following the Civil War.
(B) a black who is willingly subservient to white Americans.
(C) inhabitants of a territory deciding for themselves the issue of slavery.
(D) a series of secret stations used to smuggle runaway slaves out of the South.
(E) a vigorous anti-slavery movement demanding the freeing of slaves without compensation to their
old masters.
A feature of the Constitution that is often considered a guard against dictatorial acts of a powerful
president is:
(A) the Bill of Rights.
(B) the method of selecting Supreme Court Justices.
(C) the system of checks and balances.
(D) federalism.
(E) the impeachment power of Congress.
In pre-Civil War America, the main crop of Virginia was:
(A) tobacco.
(B) sugar.
(C) hemp.
(D) rice.
(E) corn.
Which of the following was an argument used by the United States to claim the Oregon Territory?
(A) The refusal of the Mexican government to receive the American negotiator John Slidell.
(B) The Peace of Paris of 1783.
(C) The impressment of American sailors into the British navy.
(D) The Monroe Doctrine.
(E) The settling of American missionaries and fur traders after the exploration of Robert Gray and
Lewis and Clark.
A major cause of the prosperity of the early 1850's was:
(A) bank failures.
(B) easy credit and land speculation.
(C) the increasing amount of gold in the economy.
(D) an embargo.
(E) the Commercial Revolution.
Stephen A. Douglas, leading spokesman for westward expansion, is most closely associated with:
(A) states' rights.
(B) popular sovereignty.
(C) internal improvements of roads, canals, and railroads.
(D) the federal government's assumption of the national debt.
(E) the nationalist theory of the Union.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it:
(A) repealed the Missouri Compromise.
(B) repealed the Fugitive Slave Act.
(C) made Kansas and Nebraska free states.
(D) stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from Mexico.
(E) signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso.
During Reconstruction, Southern Blacks typically did which of the following?
(A) Worked as day laborers in towns and cities.
(B) Migrated Northward, exercising their new freedom.
(C) Owned and worked small farms.
(D) Worked in mines and factories.
(E) Tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers.
Which of the following BEST characterizes the response of Great Britain and France to the American
Civil War?
(A) They saw advantages in a divided Union, but pursued cautious policies toward both sides.
(B) They favored restoration of the Union and actively worked to arbitrate the conflict.
(C) They favored permanent separation of the Union and openly supported the South.
(D) They favored permanent separation of the Union and openly supported the North.
(E) They had no interest in the conlict and remained aloof from it.
In part, President Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil
been in progress for almost two years because:
(A) he sought to retain the loyalty of the border states.
(B) slavery still existed in most Northern states.
(C) Congress had not granted him the authority.
War had
(D) he was preparing a plan to send all of the slaves to Liberia.
(E) he feared hostile reaction on the part of the British and French.
" ... the descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold as slaves ... are not
included, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can
therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to
citizens of the United States."
The passage above is from which of the following?
(A) Marbury v. Madison
(B) The Liberty Party Platform
(C) McCulloch v. Maryland
(D) Dred Scott v. Sanford
(E) The Freedmen's Bureau Act of 1865
Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia?
(A) It was forced on reluctant white Virginians by profit-minded English merchants and the
mercantilist officials of the Crown.
(B) It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved Blacks.
(C) It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company.
(D) It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the
demand for low-cost labor.
(E) It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in
the tobacco fields.
The Southern reaction to the Nat Turner revolt and the publication of The Liberator was
(A) begin to argue that slavery was a good institution.
(B) encourage the migration of slaves to the Middle West.
(C) agree to discuss the issue of abolition in Congress.
(D) invite Garrison to address the Virginia legislature on abolition.
to:
The North's advantages over the South at the outbreak of the Civil War included all of the
EXCEPT:
(A) greater agreement over war aims.
(B) more substantial industrial resources.
(C) a more extensive railroad network.
(D) dominance in foreign trade.
(E) naval supremecy.
following
Which of the following most likely increased Mexican suspicion of United States territorial
objectives in the 1830's and 1840's?
(A) Abolitionist agitation in the North.
(B) Jackson's policy toward the annexation of Texas (1836-37).
(C) The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
(D) Clay's speeches in the campaign of 1844.
(E) Rhetoric on "manifest destiny" in the American press.
In the presidential election of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted by the
Party Platform with respect to slavery?
(A) Slavery should be abolished immediately by the federal government.
(B) The extension of slavery to other countries should be prohibited.
Republican
(C) The Missouri Compromise line (36 Degrees, 30 Minutes) should be extended to the Pacific
Ocean, and slavery should be prohibited in territories above that line.
(D) The gradual emancipation of the slaves should begin, and the federal government should
compensate slave owners for the loss of slave property.
(E) The extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal
government, but slavery should be protected in the states where it already existed.
All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were implemented
Reconstruction EXCEPT:
(A) provision of 40 acres to each freedman.
(B) enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment.
(C) military occupation of the South.
(D) punishment of the Confederate leaders.
(E) restrictions on the power of the President.
during
Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the
first quarter of the nineteenth century?
(A) Demands of Southern textile manufacturers for cotton
(B) Introduction of corp rotation and fertilizers
(C) Use of more stringent techniques of slave control
(D) Invention of the cotton gin
(E) The "Three-fifths" Compromise
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for:
(A) temporary Union military supervision of the ex-Confederacy.
(B) federal monetary support of the resettlement of American blacks in Africa.
(C) denial of black property-holding and voting rights.
(D) implementation of anti-black vagrancy laws in the South.
(E) lenient readmission of the ex-Confederate states to the Union.
All of the following statements about pre-Civil War American slavery are true EXCEPT:
(A) Although experience varied from one plantation to another, investments in slaves generally
yielded rates of return equal to or better than other forms of investments of comparable risk in the preCivil War American economy.
(B) Although Southern legal codes did not uniformly provide for the legalization and stability of
slave marriage, slaves were generally able to marry, and the institution of marriage was common on
Southern plantations.
(C) Although slaves were mainly employed in agriculture, by the 1850's they also were employed as
construction workers and industrial laborers.
(D) Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by
purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South.
(E) Despite the geographical diffusion of slavery throughout the South, at no time did the majority
of white families in the South own slaves.
POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS, GEORGIA, 1848 AND 1852
Democratic Electors
1848
1852
44,809
40,516
Whig Electors Webster Electors
47,538
16,660
-------5,324
Using the table above, one might conclude that the most plausible explanation for the Georgia
Democrats' victory in 1852 following their defeat in 1848 was that:
(A) many new voters increased the turnout in 1852, to the advantage of the Democrats.
(B) many voters abstained from voting in 1852, to the disadvantage of the Whigs.
(C) Webster, who had not run in 1848, drew sufficient votes from the Whigs to cost them the
election of 1852.
(D) the Democrats, who had run a highly unpopular candidate in 1848, ran a highly popular
candidate in 1852.
(E) the Democrats cast fraudulent ballots to increase their share of the votes in 1852.
"Manifest Destiny" was a slogan that referred to the:
(A) ultimate triumph of the "fittest" in the progress of industrial capitalism.
(B) eventual overthrow of slavery under God's design.
(C) right of United States vessels to trade without interference anywhere in the world.
(D) territorial expansion of the United States in North America.
(E) eventual domination of slavery over the territories acquired from Mexico.
This stated that no citizen may be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude."
A. Thirteenth Amendment
B. Fourteenth Amendment
C. Fifteenth Amendment
D. Civil Rights Act of 1866
Which event was a direct result of the Compromise of 1850?
A. Violence broke out in Kansas.
B. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed.
C. California was admitted as a free state.
D. Slavery was ended in Washington, D.C.
Under popular sovereignty, who would decide whether slavery would be allowed in a territory?
A. the Senate
B. the president
C. the residents of the territory
D. the House of Representatives
What did the Supreme Court declare in the Dred Scott decision?
A. Being in free territory did not make a slave free.
B. Being in free territory automatically made a slave free.
C. Slave owners could not move into free territory with slaves.
D. Slave owners could not travel through free territory with slaves.
When the Civil War began, what was Abraham Lincoln's main goal?
A. to free the slaves
B. to punish the South
C. to restore the Union
D. to bring an end to the war
In which of the following areas did the South have an advantage over the North in the Civil
War?
A. food production
B. civilian leadership
C. industrial capacity
D. military leadership
Which of the following abolished slavery in the North?
A. the Gettysburg Address
B. the Thirteenth Amendment
C. the Compromise of 1850
D. the Emancipation Proclamation
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. . . . I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not
expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will
cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. . . .”
— Abraham Lincoln, 1858
The “divided house” referred to in this speech was caused primarily by
(1) expansionism
(2) war with Mexico
(3) slavery
(4) the suffrage movement
Why is the battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point in the Civil War?
A. It made the South give up the idea of invading the North.
B. It cut the Confederacy in two.
C. It convinced the Confederacy to surrender.
D. It marked the first Union victory on the battlefield.
Which action showed that President Andrew Johnson did not support greater rights for African
Americans in the South?
A. He allowed many high-ranking Confederates to vote without swearing allegiance to the
United States.
B. He vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
C. He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in 1868.
D. He supported a Reconstruction plan similar to President Lincoln's plan.
Which of the following was not a provision of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
A. The South would be divided into military districts.
B. Southern states had to pass the Fourteenth Amendment.
C. Southern states had to give African Americans the right to vote.
D. All African-American families would receive 40 acres and a mule.
What was John Brown's aim at Harpers Ferry?
A. to keep pro-slavery settlers out of Kansas
B. to help fugitive slaves reach freedom in the North
C. to challenge Abraham Lincoln in a presidential debate
D. to seize a federal arsenal and start a widespread slave uprising
What was an important effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?
A. It immediately freed Southern slaves.
B. It gave a moral purpose to the war.
C. It united the Republican Party.
D. It kept Great Britain out of the war.
What was the aim of "total war" as practiced by Union generals Grant and Sherman?
A. to fight until the Confederacy had no army left
B. to break the Southern people's will to fight
C. to wage war in every part of the South
D. to use the most lethal weapons available
Why did the federal government eventually send troops into the South?
A. to keep Confederate veterans from forming a new Southern army
B. to limit acts of violence and voter intimidation against African Americans
C. to protect the land farmed by African-American sharecroppers
D. to put down riots caused by bank failures during the Panic of 1873