ERIE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
NORTH CAMPUS
COURSE OUTLINE
A.
Unit Code:
Suggested Course Title:
2188
ML 126-Bio-Organic Chemistry
B.
Curriculum/Program:
Clinical Laboratory Technician
C.
Catalog Description:
This course introduces the student to the study of organic chemistry which discusses the
following topics: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic structures, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones,
amines, carboxylicacids, anhydrides, esters, and amides. It covers the study of biochemistry of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids and discusses the nomenclature,
structures of molecules, mechanisms of reaction, and metabolic pathways in the body.
Prerequisites: CH 146 or CH 180 and ML 112 or permission of instructor.
S (N)
D.
Duration of
Instructional Period:
50 minutes, 3 class meetings per week, 15 weeks
E.
Academic Credit Hours:
Contact Hours:
3.0
3.0
(3-0-3)
F.
Suggested Text/
Course Materials:
Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry,
by Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell, and Farrell.
G.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
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4/2014
Define organic chemistry.
Define biochemistry.
List and compare sources of organic compounds.
State the number of bonds formed by carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and
the halogens.
Distinguish between structural formulas, molecular formulas, and Lewis
structures.
Define functional group.
Discuss 4 reasons why functional groups are important.
Specify and recognize the functional group of an alcohol and classify primary,
secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Specify and recognize the functional group of an amine and classify primary,
secondary, and tertiary amines.
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4/2014
Specify and recognize the functional group of aldehydes and ketones and
differentiate these structures.
Specify and recognize the functional group of a carboxylic acid and ester.
Define hydrocarbons and differentiate the types of hydrocarbons.
List the names of the alkanes up to ten carbons.
Name hydrocarbons using the IUPAC rules of nomenclature.
Write structural formulas of molecules for which IUPAC names are given.
Define and recognize stereoisomers and constitutional isomers.
Characterize the most important chemical and physical properties of the
hydrocarbons.
Define polymer and polymerization.
Differentiate aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Compare the substitution reactions of aromatic compounds with the addition
reactions of alkenes and alkynes.
Define Markovnikov’s rule as it applies to addition reaction.
Identify compounds which are alcohols, phenols, ethers, or thiols.
Differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Given the IUPAC names for simple alcohols, draw the structural formula.
Given the structural formula for an alcohol, name the compound according to
IUPAC rules.
Write out reactions for the dehydration of alcohols.
Write out reactions for the oxidation of alcohols.
Discuss important physical properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and thiols.
Define and discuss acids, bases, buffers, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation.
Define and identify amine structures.
Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
Differentiate aliphatic and aromatic amines.
Define heterocyclic amine and heterocyclic aromatic amine.
Discuss nomenclature of amines.
Define alkaloid and list examples of alkaloids.
Discuss physical properties of amines.
Distinguish aldehydes and ketones and name their functional group.
Given the structural formula for an aldehyde or ketone, name the compound
using IUPAC rules.
Given the IUPAC or common name for an aldehyde or ketone, write its
structural formula.
Discuss important physical properties of aldehydes and ketones.
Discuss oxidation and reduction reactions involving aldehydes and ketones.
Differentiate and identify hemiacetals and acetals and describe their formation.
Recognize the characteristic functional group of carboxylic acids.
Discuss nomenclature of carboxylic acids.
Recognize fatty acids as examples of carboxylic acids.
Discuss physical properties of carboxylic acids.
Recognize the functional group of a carboxylic anhydride.
Discuss formation of and hydrolysis of carboxylic anhydrides.
Recognize the functional group of a carboxylic ester.
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4/2014
Discuss nomenclature of carboxylic esters.
Define ester and explain esterification and hydrolysis.
Recognize the functional group of a carboxylic amide.
Define and differentiate lactams and lactones.
Recognize the functional group of a phosphoric anhydride.
Differentiate Diphosphate from Triphosphate structures.
Recognize phosphoric esters.
Define carbohydrate and discuss their importance in plants and humans.
Define chiral and identify a chiral carbon or stereocenter.
Define, identify, and discuss properties of enantiomers.
Differentiate Fisher projection formulas from Haworth projections.
Calculate the maximum number of stereoisomers possible for a given structure.
Differentiate aldoses from ketoses.
Differentiate monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Define penultimate carbon.
Differentiate D from L monosaccharides.
Differentiate Alpha from Beta structures.
Compare physical, chemical, and structural properties of monosaccharides.
Differentiate pyranose and furanose rings.
Discuss important reactions of glucose.
Specify the monosaccharide constituents of maltose, lactose, and sucrose.
Compare the structural composition and distribution of starch, glycogen, and
cellulose. List functions of heparin and hyaluronic acid.
Define lipids and discuss their major functions in human biochemistry.
Describe the structure and physical and chemical properties of triglycerides.
Compare saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
Contrast the structures of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipids.
Discuss the composition and functioning of membranes.
Describe the steroid ring system and the structure of cholesterol.
Discuss the function and composition of lipoproteins.
Compare HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons.
Discuss the relationship between atherosclerosis and blood levels of cholesterol,
HDL, and LDL.
Specify cholesterol as the starting material for synthesis of the steroid hormones
and bile and discuss the functions of these products.
Describe the prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes.
List and explain the major functions of proteins.
Draw the general formula of an amino acid.
Recognize the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins.
Define zwitterions and isoelectric point.
Recognize the unique property of cysteine to form a disulfide linkage.
Identify peptide linkages, peptides, polypeptides, c-terminal end, and n-terminal
end, proteins.
Describe and differentiate the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
structures of proteins.
Discuss denaturation of proteins.
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4/2014
Define enzymes and discuss their specificity.
List the 6 major categories of enzymes and identify the type of reaction that is
involved in each category.
Distinguish between the terms cofactor, apoenzyme, coenzyme, proenzyme, and
active site.
Compare how a competitive and a non-competitive inhibitor produce their
effect.
Detail in words and by graph the effect of enzyme concentration, substrate
concentration, pH, and temperature on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction.
Discuss the lock and key model and the induced fit model of the mechanism of
enzyme action.
Define feedback control as it applies to enzyme regulation.
Define isoenzymes.
List examples of enzymes and isoenzymes important in clinical diagnosis.
Define metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, and biochemical pathway.
Specify the 2 sequences of the common catabolic pathway and the major
purpose of catabolic pathways.
Compare the structures of AMP, ADP, ATP, NAD, FAD, and acetyl CoA.
Discuss the role of acetyl CoA in the Krebs cycle.
Identify the major compounds in the Kreb’s (TCA citric acid) cycle.
Describe the citric acid cycle including reactions and carbon balance.
Explain the role of NAD and FAD in the citric acid cycle and in the electron
transport chain.
Identify the enzymes of the electron transport chain.
Describe the function of the proton translocating ATPase and specify the final
acceptor of oxidative phosphorylation.
Determine the number of ATP molecules produced in the Kreb’s cycle and
oxidative phosphorylation as a result of oxidation of one acetyl group.
Define glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Detail the 3 stages of glycolysis.
Distinguish between anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis.
Indicate under what conditions pyruvate is converted to (a) lactate, (b) ethanol,
or (c) acetyl CoA.
Specify the total net yield of ATP from metabolism of one glucose molecule and
compare to the energy yield from fatty acids.
Describe B-oxidation of fatty acids.
Name the ketone bodies and explain their elevated concentration in blood and
urine of diabetics.
Discuss transamination, oxidative deamination, and the urea cycle.
Detail the convergence of the specific pathways of carbohydrate, lipid, and
protein catabolism into the common catabolic pathway.
Discuss the catabolism of heme and the development of jaundice.
Describe the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, fatty acids, cholesterol, and amino
acids.
Define what is meant by essential amino acids and fatty acids.
Explain the importance of hereditary information and its storage and expression
in DNA.
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Define nucleic acid, nucleotide, gene, chromosome, and genetic code.
Detail the 3 units of a nucleotide.
Name the purines and pyrimidines present in DNA and those in RNA.
Compare the sugar components of RNA and DNA.
Describe the primary structure of DNA and RNA.
Describe the secondary structure of DNA.
Summarize the major differences in structure between DNA and RNA.
Compare the types of RNA.
Describe DNA replication, transcription, translation, and protein synthesis.
Discuss DNA fingerprinting.
Define PCR, detail the steps of PCR, and discuss applications in the Clinical Lab
and Forensics.
Program Competencies:
Upon graduation with an Associate in Applied Science Degree in Clinical Laboratory
Technician, the graduate will be able to:
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I.
Perform all of the routine tests in a modern clinical laboratory or research
facility. (57, 69, 80, 99, 133)
Prepare reagents and media according to prescribed procedures.
(17, 28, 36, 40, 46, 67, 73)
Recognize abnormal or unusual test results and follow institutional procedures
for reporting critical values. (69, 80, 99, 119)
Participate in continuing education. (1-133)
Perform related work as assigned. (1-133)
Demonstrate behavior consistent with acceptable professional conduct standards
such as appearance, quality of work, quantity of work, human relation skills,
leadership skills, reading skills, writing skills, and verbal communication skills.
(1-133)
SUNY General Education Knowledge and Skills Areas:
Not applicable to course offering in Health Science Division.
J.
ECC Learning Outcomes (LO):
1.
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K.
Information Literacy (1-133)
Scientific Reasoning (1-133)
Quantitative Reasoning (57, 69, 80, 99, 133)
Assessment of Student Learning:
K1. Evaluation of Student Learning: Course objectives may be met by hourly
examinations, quizzes, selected homework assignments, oral presentations, case
evaluations and a written project. The final grade will be calculated as follows:
4/2014
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Hourly exams
Comprehensive Final
Quizzes
Homework
Project
Attendance
30%
25%
10%
10%
15%
10%
K2. Assessment of Student Learning: The methods of evaluation should be
consistent with the level of the course and meet criteria as set forth by the Accreditation
Agencies to include cognitive levels I, II, and III, as well as, affective and psychomotor
skills appropriate to the course.
L.
Library Resources:
Reference books pertaining to organic chemistry, biochemistry, and clinical chemistry.
M.
Topical Outline:
1.
4/2014
Instructional Unit
Introduction to organic and biochemistry
a. syllabus
b. organic and biochemistry
c. sources of organic compounds
d. structures of organic compounds
e. functional groups
Instructional Period
1 week
2.
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds
a. Hydrocarbons
b. Alkanes
c. IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes and alkyl halides
d. Cycloalkanes
e. Isomerism
f. Physical and chemical properties of alkanes
g. Nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes
h. Cis-Trans configurations of alkenes
i. Physical properties of alkenes
j. Addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes
k. Polymerization
l. Aromatic hydrocarbons
m. Nomenclature of benzene derivatives
n. Reactions of aromatic compounds
2 weeks
3.
Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols
a. Nomenclature
b. Chemical properties
c. Physical properties
1 week
6
4/2014
4.
Acids, Bases, and Amines
a. Acids and Bases
b. Buffers
c. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
d. Nomenclature of amines
e. Physical properties of amines
f. Alkaloids
1 week
5.
Aldehydes and Ketones
a. Nomenclature
b. Chemical properties
c. Physical properties
d. Hemiacetals and Acetals
1 week
6.
Carboxylic Acids, Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides
a. Functional Groups
b. Nomenclature
c. Physical properties
d. Esterification and hydrolysis
e. Esters and anhydrides of phosphoric acid
1week
7.
Carbohydrates
a. Enantiomers and chiral carbon or stereocenter
b. Glucose and other monosaccharides
c. Physical properties of monosaccharides
d. Chemical properties of monosaccharides
e. Disaccharides
f. Polysaccharides
2 weeks
8.
Lipids
a. Structure and physical properties of triglycerides
b. Fatty acids
c. Membranes
d. Glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipids
e. Steroids, cholesterol, lipoproteins
f. Steroid hormones and bile
g. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes
1 week
9.
Proteins
a. Amino acids
b. Zwitterions and isoelectric point
c. Cysteine
d. Peptides and proteins
e. Primary structure of proteins
f. Secondary structure of proteins
g. Tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins
1 week
7
h. Denaturation
N.
4/2014
10.
Enzymes
a. Naming and classifying enzymes
b. Terms in enzyme chemistry
c. Factors affecting enzyme activity
d. Mechanism of enzyme action
e. Enzyme regulation
f. Enzymes and isoenzymes in medical diagnosis
1 week
11.
Metabolism
a. Definitions
b. Principal compounds of the common catabolic pathway
c. The Citric Acid (TCA, Krebs) Cycle
d. Electron transport (oxidative phosphorylation)
e. Energy yield
f. Specific pathways and their convergence to the common
pathway
g. Glycolysis
h. Energy yield from glucose
i. Beta oxidation of fatty acids and glycerol catabolism
j. Ketone bodies
k. Catabolism of amino acids
l. Catabolism of heme
m. Biosynthesis of carbohydrates
n. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
o. Biosynthesis of amino acids
2 weeks
12.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
a. Components of nucleic acids
b. Structure of DNA and RNA
c. DNA replication
d. Types of RNA
e. DNA Fingerprinting
f. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
g. Transcription, translation, and protein synthesis
h. The Genetic Code
1 week
Proposal Prepared by:
Date Prepared:
Date Last Updated:
CLT/MA Faculty
April 2014
March 2008
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