What is Science?
Science is
Name some of the Sciences you are familiar with and what they study.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What is Earth Science?
Earth Science is
Four major branches of Earth Science
1.
2.
3.
4.
Worksheet: “What is Earth Science?” begin in class and finish as homework
“How Many Earth Sciences are There?” homework
Go over definitions – what makes a good definition
Technology – define
Is every technology, therefore, inherently good?
Does it always stay that way?
Think about all of the technological advances that have ever happened.
Write a list of some of the important past technologies that you can think of.
Technology timeline activity Why did this activity end at 1957?
-All space exploration technology has occurred in Mr. Dichraff’s lifetime.
Sputnik
Other satellites
Mercury
Gemini
Apollo
Space Shuttles
Space Telescopes
Space Stations
Mars Rovers
Other planetary explorers
Now think about your lifetime. What technological advances have occurred since you
were born?
Assignment: “My Life in 2057” – handout
Safety in the laboratory
Much of the safety information is just ____________________.
If you think someone may get hurt if you do something, ________
_____________________!
Safety rules handout.
Discussion of basic safety rules with examples.
The most important safety rule to remember is:
Metric System: Notes
Developed by the ____________
Original distance used for the meter =
Base Units:
Lengths =
Liquid volumes =
Mass =
Temperature =
Celsius is based on
Kelvin is different because of its
Prefixes:
kilo-
hecto-
deka-
base
deci-
centi-
milli-
Each change in this order is a __________________. So, for conversions you will then
just ________________. Count the spaces from where you start to where you want to
end and ______ ____________________________________________________.
Examples:
456.7890123 km = _______________________ mm
543210.9876 cg = ________________________ dkg
19283.74650 mL = _______________________ L
1234.567890 m = _________________________ hm
Accuracy:
Places after the decimal point indicate the accuracy of the measurement.
Therefore, a number like 2.0 mm _______________________ than 2 mm.
Using the metric measuring devices I expect you to estimate between the smallest
markings to achieve the greatest accuracy.
Demonstrate using the meter stick.
Estimate between the mm markings to get an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
When converting to other meter based units, do not drop the number after the decimal,
even if it is a zero.
Hand out measurement activity worksheets
Length measurement activity: With a partner you will measure and record the items
listed. Make sure you record your initial measurements to the 0.1 mm accuracy that is in
the directions.
Volume: define:
Liquids: _____________
Use a _________ container to measure volumes
When measuring water in a glass container the upper surface of the water will
form a depression called a ___________. This occurs because
______________________________. To be accurate in your measurement, read the
volume ___ __________________________________________.
Solids: m3, cm3, etc.
Regular:
Regular rectangular solid – L x W x H
Units must be the same on all dimensions
Cylinder – л r2 h
Sphere – 4/3 л r3
Irregular:
Water displacement method
Metric System continued:
Mass: ___________________________________
_________________________________________
Do not confuse this with weight. Weight ________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Mass Activity: Use of balances
Double pan – Use known masses with the beam/rider to determine the mass of the
object
Triple beam – Use the beams/riders to determine the mass of the object – make
sure the riders on the top two beams are in the slots on the beams
Measure the items on the Mass activity sheet. Three different cubes and three different
cylinders are listed. You must do all three.
Record your masses accurate to 0.01 grams (estimate between the tenth of a gram
markings)
Density: the calculation of the amount of matter in a given volume of material
Density is calculated by taking the mass divided by the volume of the object. The
units used are generally ______.
Calculate the densities of the items on the density activity worksheet. Make sure to put
the proper units with your numbers. You will need the volume and mass numbers
previously obtained to do this portion. The volumes of the three cubes are the same and
the volumes of the three cylinders are the same.
Metric System continued:
Specific Gravity: The comparison between the density of a substance and the
density of water
Water has a density of 1 g/cm3. Therefore when you divide the density of your substance
by the density of water you are dividing by 1 so the number stays the same. But, the
units will cancel out so you are left with a number without units that tells you relationship
to the density of water. (If I request the density of a substance on a worksheet or test there
must be units with it. If I ask for specific gravity, it is the same number but will have no
units)
Buoyancy: shaping an object correctly to allow it to displace its weight in water
and therefore float.
Generally if a material is less dense than water it will float in water. But, if you take a
more dense object it can still be made to float if you shape it correctly. That is how we
are able to make boats out of aluminum and ships out of steel even though these materials
are more dense than water.
Temperature: a measurement of the amount of kinetic energy in the molecules of a
substance
Metric scales for temperature are degrees Celsius, named after Andres Celsius, and
Kelvins, named after Lord Kelvin. The only difference between these scales is the
starting point. Lord Kelvin used the same size units as Celsius did, he just decided to
start his scale at what is believed to be the lowest possible temperature, absolute zero.
On this scale there are no negative numbers – no temperatures below zero.