DNA and It’s Structure
DNA:
• _____ is often called the “blueprint of life.”
• In simple terms, DNA contains the __________________________ within the
cell.
Why do we study DNA?:
We study DNA for many reasons:
• its central ___________________________
• ______________ such as cures for diseases
• better _______________
Chromosomes and DNA:
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Our _______ are on our _________________.
_____________ are made up of a _________ called DNA.
Discovery of DNA Structure:
• 1944: _____________ and his team determine that genes are composed of
_______
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1951: _____________ and Robert Corey determine that the structure of a
class of _________ is a _______
•
1952: ______________ studies the _____molecule using X-ray
_____________
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1953: James ________ and Francis ________ develop the
________________ model of DNA
The Shape of the Molecule:
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DNA is a very long __________.
The basic shape is like a _____________ or zipper.
This is called a ____________.
The Double Helix Molecule:
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The _____ double helix has two _________ twisted together.
One Strand of DNA:
• The ____________ of the molecule is alternating ____________ and
_____________ sugars
•
The rungs are ______________ bases.
Nucleotides:
One ___________ together with its _____________ and base make a
___________.
One Strand of DNA:
• One strand of DNA is ________________________.
• One strand of DNA __________________________.
Four nitrogenous bases:
-___________
-___________
-_____________
-_____________
Two Kinds of Bases in DNA:
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_____________are single ring bases.
_____________are double ring bases.
Thymine and Cytosine are pyrimidines:
• ___________ and __________ each have _____ ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms.
Adenine and Guanine are purines:
• __________ and ___________each have _____ rings of carbon and nitrogen
atoms.
Two Stranded DNA:
• Remember, ____ has _____ strands that fit together something like a
•
_________.
The ______ are the nitrogenous bases but why do they stick together?
Hydrogen Bonds:
• The ______ attract each other because of _________________.
• Hydrogen bonds are ______ but there are millions and millions of them in a
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_________________________.
When making _______________, cytosine always pairs up with guanine
__________ always pairs up with ___________
Chargraff’s Rule:
•_________ and ________ always join together
•_________ and ________ always join together
DNA by the Numbers:
• Each cell has about ______________.
• The average human has _______________.
• The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun
___________________.
• DNA has a diameter of only ______________.
DNA Replication
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When?______________________________________
Why? _______________________________________
Enzymes _____________the helix
DNA ________________adds new bases to each original strand
Matches _______AND _________
DNA replication is “______________________”- one new strand, one old
strand
WE CREATE AN _____________________OF THE __________________