School of Administrative Studies Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies YORK UNIVERSITY Summer 2014 Course Outline AP/ADMS 4551.03 Sections A and B Auditing: and Other Assurance Services REQUIRED COURSE TEXT / READINGS: 1. Alvin A. Arens, Randal J. Elder, Mark S. Beasley and Ingrid B. Splettstoesser, (2013), Auditing: The Art and Science of Assurance Engagements, Canadian Twelfth Edition, Pearson. 2. CPA Canada Handbook, Chartered Professional Accountants Canada Accounting and Assurance Handbooks [Part I and Part II] - Available on-line through York Library eresources. Students must have a Passport York account to access the Handbook. 3. CPA Ontario Member's Handbook, Chartered Professional Accountants of Ontario, most recent edition. This material is also available on the Internet at http://www.cpaontario.ca/ Any additional required reading materials will be posted on the course web site. Warning: Photocopying more than 10% of a textbook is illegal, and may involve penalties. Do not duplicate textbooks or obtain these photocopies. Students are reminded of York University's policy regarding academic dishonesty as outlined in the York student calendars. WEIGHTING OF COURSE: Course Work Class Attendance, and Participation (See below for further information) Two Individual Hand in Assignments (See below for further information) Midterm Exam (covers session 1-6) Individual ACL assignment Using ACL ( Computer Assisted Audit Technique) to perform sampling Group Assignment (See below for further information) Final Exam Total Due Date All classes Weight 5% Session 3 - May 22 (Sections A and B) Session 5 – June 5 (Sessions A and B) Session 7 – June 22 Session 10- July 10 (Sections A and B) 10% Session 11- Hand in July 17 (Sections A and B) Oral Presentations Mar. 24 and Mar.31 (Section O) July 17 and July 24 (Sections A and B) TBA - held during regular exam schedule April 6 - April 18) 15% (10% hand in and 5% Oral Presentation) 25% 5% 40% 100% 1 Reallocation of Marks if a Midterm Examination is missed for a Valid Reason If a midterm examination is missed due to a valid reason such as illness or other reason approved by the Course Director, the midterm mark allocation of 25% will be added to the final examination percentage. The documentation required to support this reallocation are as follows: 1. For illness, a completed medical form (physician's statement) provided by the Registrar’s Office, http://www.yorku.ca/laps/council/students/documents/APS.pdf OR for another valid reason, the documentation requested by the Course Director, AND 2. A signed statement stating that you are aware that your final examination will be worth 65%. This signed statement is to be attached to the documentation provided in (1) above. Physician statements need to be from the same day as the midterm or the day immediately after. Physician statements older than one day after the date of the midterm exam will not be accepted. Class Attendance and Participation This course is designed to encourage active participation. In each session we will be taking up questions from the text as well as an in class exercise in some sessions(to be posted to the course website). Participation marks of 3% will be assigned for participation in the take up of the questions from the text and the in class exercises. Attendance will be taken each week and worth 2% in total. Individual Hand In Assignments Two individual assignments will be worth a total of 10%. The assignments are strongly recommended to be handed in and help students prepare for the midterm and final exam. Group Assignment You will be conducting the planning for the financial statement audit of a public company. Groups for the assignment will be formed in session 2. Students may select their own groups, but there will be a maximum of five students per group. Students who do not select a group will be assigned to one by the instructor to balance group sizes. Each group will be assigned an organization and you will be provided with a web site reference (www.sedar.com) to a recent annual report for the assigned organization. You will be handing in a group assignment-audit plan (The requirements will be posted on the course website) and will be doing a presentation to the class on the hand in assignment (expectations to be posted to the course website). NOTE: The group assignment, and two individual assignments are to be posted to turnitin.com using Moodle – details will be given at the first session. 2 COURSE DIRECTOR / CONTACT: Section A (Thursdays: 1- 4 pm): Peter Rumyee E-mail: rumyee@sympatico.ca Section B (Thursdays: 7 – 10 pm): Saad Ali E-mail: saad2418@gmail.com CALENDAR DESCRIPTION: This course examines audit concepts and techniques. Coverage will include audit theory, the timing, nature and extent of audit testing, audit procedures and the application and interpretation of statistics in an audit context. Prerequisites: 1) For students in an Honours program, 78 credits including AP/ADMS 2511 3.00, AP/ADMS 3585 3.00, AP/ADMS 3595 3.00, AP/ECON 1000 3.00, or 2) for other students, these above-listed courses and an average grade of C+ or better in AP/ADMS 3585 3.00 and AP/ADMS 3595 3.00. AP/ADMS 4535 3.00 is not required, but strongly recommended. Course credit exclusions: None. PRIOR TO FALL 2009: Prerequisites: 1) For students in an Honours program, 78 credits including AK/ADMS 3585 3.00, AK/ECON 1000 3.00, or 2) for other students, these above-listed courses and an average grade of C+ or better in AK/ADMS 3585 3.00. Course credit exclusion: AK/ADMS 4551 3.00. PREREQUISITES/CO-REQUISITES: Prerequisites: 1) For students in an Honours program, 78 credits including AP/ADMS 2511 3.00, AP/ADMS 3585 3.00, AP/ADMS 3595 3.00, AP/ECON 1000 3.00, or 2) for other students, these above-listed courses and an average grade of C+ or better in AP/ADMS 3585 3.00 and AP/ADMS 3595 3.00. AP/ADMS 4535 3.00 is not required, but strongly recommended. Course credit exclusions: None. PRIOR TO FALL 2009: Prerequisites: 1) For students in an Honours program, 78 credits including AK/ADMS 3585 3.00, AK/ECON 1000 3.00, or 2) for other students, these above-listed courses and an average grade of C+ or better in AK/ADMS 3585 3.00. Course credit exclusion: AK/ADMS 4551 3.00. Students are personally responsible to ensure that they have the required prerequisites as stated in the course outline or in the course calendar. Students who do not have the prerequisites are at risk of being dropped from the course at any time during the course. The department will not be responsible for refunds resulting from students being dropped from a course due to a lack of the appropriate prerequisites. EXPANDED COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides an introduction to auditing and other assurance services for students who have not had significant exposure to auditing concepts or significant auditing experience. The primary emphasis of the course is on the auditor’s decision-making process and the nature and amount of audit evidence needed to render an opinion on the fairness of an organization’s financial statements. Topics include professional standards, rules of 3 conduct, ethical considerations, legal liability, audit and review objectives, the audit risk model, audit evidence, development and execution of compliance and substantive audit strategies, sampling methods and audit reports. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUSE Session 1 The Demand for Auditing / The Public Accounting Profession Thursday May 8, 2014 (Sections A and Learning Objectives: B) Identify the components of an audit and explain why there is a demand for audits Distinguish between accounting and auditing Explore the different types of accountants and what they do Apply the concepts of financial statement audit to a discussion of other types of audits Explain the various standards under generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) Examine the characteristics of quality control for financial statement audits. Explain how quality control is monitored. Compare the audit responsibilities for public accountants with the internal auditors REQUIRED READING Chapter 1 – The Demand For An Auditing And Assurance Profession Chapter 2- The Public Accounting Profession CPA Handbook: CAS 200 - Overall Objective of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Canadian Auditing Standards CAS 220 - Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements Course Website: Session 1 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 1-13, 2-20 Session 2 Overview of the Audit Process 4 Thursday May 15, Learning Objectives: 2014 (Sections A and Describe the objective of conducting an audit of financial B) statements Distinguish between management’s and the auditor’s responsibilities for the financial statements being audited. Describe the eight phases of a financial statement audit and provide an overview of the audit process Show how transactions underlying financial statements are divided into cycles. Describe the relationship between the cycle approach and the financial statement audit Describe management assertions about financial information. Relate management assertions to transactionrelated objectives, balance related objectives, and presentation and disclosure-related objectives REQUIRED READING: Chapter 5 - Audit Responsibilities and Objectives Chapter 20 -Auditor Reporting, p. 596-599 CPA Handbook: CAS 500 - Audit Evidence Course Website Session 2 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 5-23, 5-25, 5-26 In-class group exercise: Kingston Company (Course Website) Form Groups Sign up for Group Assignment - Auditee company assigned Session 3 May 22, 2014 (Sections A and B) Client Risk Profile and Documentation Learning Objectives: Explain the importance of an adequate audit planning process. Link the audit planning process to the development of a client risk profile. Explain the components of understanding the client’s business and industry and assessing client business risk Describe the type of evidence 5 Describe the type of evidence that the auditor collects when developing the client risk profile and assessing client business risk Evaluate audit working paper documentation for proper form and content. Define analytical procedures and state when they are used during the audit process Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the five major types of analytical procedures as part of the evidence collection process REQUIRED READING: Chapter 6-Client risk profile and documentation Chapter 8 – Purpose and timing of analytical procedures (p. 232-239) and Appendix 8A CPA Handbook: CAS 230 Audit Documentation CAS 300 - Planning an Audit of Financial Statements CAS 315 - Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatements through Understanding the Entity and its Environment CAS 520 - Analytical Procedures CAS 550-Related Parties CAS 620-Using the Work of An Auditor’s Expert Course Website: Session 3 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 6-24, 6-25 In-class group exercise: Epoch Jeans (parts a and b) Individual Hand In- Assignment #1 (Course Website) Materiality and Risk Session 4 Learning Objectives: Thursday May 29, 2014 (Sections A and B) State the components of the audit risk model and describe the process used to assess audit risk Describe the factors the auditor considers when assessing inherent risks 6 List quantitative and qualitative factors that an auditor considers when setting materiality, allocating materiality to segments and setting performance materiality Discuss the relevance of materiality in an audit concept and articulate the relationship between materiality and audit risk REQUIRED READING: Chapter 7-Materiality And Risk CPA Handbook: CAS 200 (see Session 1) CAS 315 - Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatements through Understanding the Entity and its Environment (Session 3) CAS 320 - Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit CAS 450- Evaluation of Misstatements Identified During the Auditing Course Website: Session 4 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 7-17, 7-21, 7-23 In-class group exercise: Epoch Jeans ( parts c and d) Session 5 Corporate Governance, Internal Controls, and Control Risk Thursday June 5, 2014 (Sections A and Learning Objectives: B) State the three primary objectives of effective internal control. Identify the components of the control environment Compare management’s concerns about internal control with those of the auditor. Link internal control to audit objectives and audit procedures Discuss the purpose of a management letter Distinguish between a substantive approach and a combined approach in auditing a specific financial statement assertion REQUIRED READING: Chapter 9-Internal Controls and Control Risk: 7 CPA Handbook CAS 240-The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements CAS 265-Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Control to Those Charged with governance and management CAS 330-The Auditor’s Responses to Risks CAS 500-Audit Evidence CAS 520- Analytical Procedure( See Session 3) CAS 505- External Confirmations Course Website: Session 5 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 9-32, 9-33, 9-34 In-class group exercises: Little City Payroll –Identifying Internal Control Weaknesses Individual Hand In- Assignment #2 (Course Website) Session 6 Audit Evidence, Evidence Mix, and Audit Strategy Thursday June 12, Learning Objectives: 2014 (Sections A and B) Describe five evidence decisions made during the audit process List and explain the seven general methods of evidence collection Evaluate the quality of evidence Distinguish between internal documentation and external documentation as audit evidence Distinguish between a confirmation and external documentation Explain what an audit strategy is and the role of audit planning in the financial statement audit. Describe the purpose of an audit program and the five types of audit tests. Describe the methodology for designing tests for controls and tests of details in the audit program. Link the methodology to the selection of audit tests by assertion. REQUIRED READING 8 Chapter 8 – Audit Evidence Chapter 10 – Audit Strategy and Audit Program CPA Handbook: CAS 315 – Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement Through Understanding the Entity and the Environment (See session 4) CAS 330 - The Auditor’s Responses to Assessed Risks (See Session 5) CAS 500 - Audit Evidence Course Website: Session 6 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 8-17, 8-18, 10-16, 10-17, 10-18 Note: No class on Thursday June 19 (Sections A and B) Session 7 Common Midterm Exam (Covers Material from Sessions 1 Sunday June 22 2 pm - 4 pm (Sections A and B) Session 8 - 6) Thursday June 26 (Sections A and B) Location: TBA Audit Sampling Learning Objectives: Explain why sampling is important in auditing Distinguish between statistical and non statistical sampling Contrast the different types of nonstatistical methods used by auditors Distinguish between a sampling error and a non-sampling error Describe the 14 steps in planning and selecting a sample, performing the tests, and evaluating the sample Demonstrate the use of ACL to perform sampling REQUIRED READING: Chapter 11 -- Audit Sampling Concepts Chapter 12 -- Audit of the Sales and Collection Cycle – Tests of Controls Application of Attribute Sampling (pp. 393-401) CPA Handbook: 9 CAS 500 Audit Evidence (Session 6) CAS 530 Audit Sampling Course Website: Session 8 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 11-22, 11-23 Use of ACL including demonstration - Room TBA Session 9 Thursday July 3 (Sections A and B) Application of the Audit Process: The Sales/Receivable Cycle Learning Objectives: Identify and describe typical records and transactions in the sales cycle. State the relationship between overall audit planning risks for sales and collection assertions Identify and describe the processes for designing control tests and test of details for the sales and collection cycle Distinguish between a positive and a negative confirmation Discuss the process for confirming accounts receivable confirmations and following up non replies REQUIRED READING: Read: Chapter 12 -- - Audit of the Sales and Collection Cycle – Tests of Controls (p. 360-392) Chapter 13 – Completing the Tests in the Sales and Collection Cycle CPA Handbook: CAS 240- The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in the Audit of Financial Statements (See Session 5) CAS 505- External Confirmations (See Session 5) Course Website: Session 9 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 13-22, 13-25, 13-26 10 Session 10 Thursday July 10 (Sections A and B) Application of the Audit Process: The Inventory and Distribution Cycle And Acquisition and Payment Cycle Learning Objectives: Describe the major business functions, documents, and records in the acquisition and payment cycle. Distinguish between a vendor’s invoice and a vendor’s statement. Develop tests of controls for the acquisition and payment cycle. Design substantive tests for accounts payable. Describe the business functions, documents, and records of the inventory and distribution cycle Select audit steps to audit the five different parts of the inventory and distribution cycle REQUIRED READING: Chapter 16 - Audit of the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Chapter 17- The Inventory and Distribution Cycle CPA Handbook: CAS 550- Related Parties ( See Session 3) CAS 501-Audit Evidence: Specific Considerations for Selected Items Course Website: Session 10 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice question: Textbook 16-24, 17-16, 17-19 Individual Assignment – Utilizing ACL( Computer Assisted Audit Technique) Session 11 July 17 (Sections A and B) Professional Relationships and Legal Liability Learning Objectives: Describe ethics and their relevance Apply rules of professional conduct to case facts and identify violations. Explain the threats to independence and how the threats can 11 be mitigated Distinguish between independence in fact and independence in appearance Compare the auditor’s responsibilities with respect to errors, fraud, and other irregularities Distinguish between a business failure and an audit failure Describe the accountant’s liability to third parties under common law and the related defenses REQUIRED READING: Chapter 3 -- Professional Relationships: The role of ethics and independence Chapter 4 –Legal Liability CPA Handbook Section 5020 - Association CAS 220 – Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements ICAO Handbook - Rules of Professional Conduct (available from http://www.cpaontario.ca/ Click on Site Map, scroll down to Resources and click on Member’s Handbook. Download the pdf file titled “Rules of Professional Conduct.”) Course Website: Session 11 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 3-17, 3-18, 3-23, 413, 4-16, 4-18 Group Assignment Report Due Group Assignment Oral Presentations Session 12 July 24 (Sections A and B) Contingent Liabilities, Audit Completion and Modifications to the Auditor’s Standard Report Learning Objectives: Describe how the auditor searches for contingent liabilities, commitments, and contingent assets State the purpose of obtaining confirmation from the client’s law firms 12 Distinguish between subsequent events requiring adjustment and those requiring disclosure Provide examples of work completed as part of the evidence-gathering process Distinguish between a management representation letter and a management letter State the requirements for a standard unqualified audit report Distinguish between a qualified opinion, an adverse opinion, and a disclaimer of opinion and explain the circumstances under which each is appropriate REQUIRED READING: Chapter 19 - Completing the Audit Chapter 22 - Audit Reporting CPA Handbook CAS 240-The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements CAS 250- Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements CAS 260 - Communications with Those Charged with Governance CAS 450- Evaluation of Misstatements Identified during the Audit CAS 501- Audit Evidence: specific considerations for selected items CAS 520- Analytical Procedures CAS 550- Related Parties CAS 560 - Subsequent Events CAS 570 - Going Concern CAS 580 - Written Representations CAS 620- Using the Work of an Auditor’s Expert CAS 700 – Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements CAS 705 - Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor’s Report CAS 706 - Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter CAS 710 - Comparative Information – Corresponding Figures And Comparative Financial Statements CAS 720 - The Auditor’s Responsibility in Relation to Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial Statements 13 Course Website: Session 12 Slides Assignment and Class Work Discussion/practice questions: Textbook 19-18, 20-20 Group Assignment Oral Presentations COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The primary emphasis of the course is on the auditor’s decision-making process and the nature and amount of audit evidence needed to render an opinion on the fairness of an organization’s financial statements. Specifically, upon completing this course you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify the components of an audit and explain why there is a demand for audits. Distinguish auditing from accounting. Apply the concepts of financial statement audit to a discussion of other types of audits. Compare the audit responsibilities for public accountants with the internal auditors. Describe the eight phases of a financial statement audit and provide an overview of the audit process. 6. Distinguish between management’s and the auditor’s responsibilities for the financial statements being audited. 7. Describe management assertions about financial information. Relate management insertions to transaction-related objectives, balance related objectives, and presentation and disclosure-related objectives 8. State the components of the audit risk model and describe the process used to assess audit risk. 9. Discuss the relevance of materiality in an audit concept and articulate the relationship between materiality and audit risk. 10. Compare management’s concerns about internal control with those of the auditor. 11. State how control risk is assessed, documented, and tested. 12. List and explain the seven general methods of evidence collected. 13. Evaluate audit working paper documentation for proper form and content. 14. Describe the various steps in planning and selecting a sample (including using ACL) , performing the tests, and evaluating the sample. 15. Describe the methodology for designing tests of controls for sales as well as the acquisition and payment cycle. 16. Discuss the various rules of professional conduct that must be adhered to by a Public Accounting firm. 17. Explain how the auditor defends themselves against a law suit alleging an improper audit was performed. 18. Describe different types of audit opinions. 14 RELEVANT UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS Deferred standing may be granted to students who are unable to write their final examination at the scheduled time or to submit their outstanding course work on the last day of classes. In order to apply for deferred standing, students must complete a Deferred Standing Agreement (DSA) form and submit their request no later than five (5) business days from the date of the exam. The request must be properly submitted with supporting documentation directly to the main office of the School of Administrative Studies (282 Atkinson), NOT to the Course Director. These requests will be considered on their merit and decisions will be made available to the students by the main office in the School's web site (under the heading of 'Links'), no individualized communication will be sent by the School to the students (no letter or e-mails). The status of the DSA submitted shall be checked at: http://apps.eso.yorku.ca/apps/adms/deferredexams.nsf Students with approved DSA will be able to write their deferred examination during the School's deferred examination period. No further extensions of deferred exams shall be granted. The format and covered content of the deferred examination may be different from that of the originally scheduled examination. The deferred exam may be closed book, cumulative and comprehensive and may include all subjects/topics of the textbook whether they have been covered in class or not. Any request for deferred standing on medical grounds must include an Attending Physician's Statement form; a “Doctor’s Note” will not be accepted. DSA Form: http://www.registrar.yorku.ca/pdf/deferred_standing_agreement.pdf Attending Physician's Statement form: http://www.yorku.ca/laps/council/students/documents/APS.pdf The deferred examinations for the Winter 2014 term shall be held during the last two weeks of May 2014. Academic Honesty: The Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies considers breaches of the Senate Policy on Academic Honesty to be serious matters. To quote the Senate Policy on Academic Honesty. The Policy on Academic Honesty is an affirmation and clarification for members of the University of the general obligation to maintain the highest standards of academic honesty. As a clear sense of academic honesty and responsibility is fundamental to good scholarship, the policy recognizes the general responsibility of all faculty members to foster acceptable standards of academic conduct and of the student to be mindful of and abide by such standards. Suspected breaches of academic honesty will be investigated and charges shall be laid if reasonable and probable grounds exist. Students should review the York Academic Honesty policy for themselves at: http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/document.php?document=69 Students might also wish to review the interactive on-line Tutorial for students on academic integrity, at: http://www.yorku.ca/tutorial/academic_integrity/ 15 Grading Scheme and Feedback Policy: The grading scheme (i.e. kinds and weights of assignments, essays, exams, etc.) shall be announced, and be available in writing, within the first two weeks of class, and, under normal circumstances, graded feedback worth at least 15% of the final grade for Fall, Winter or Summer Term, and 30% for ‘full year’ courses offered in the Fall/Winter Term be received by students in all courses prior to the final withdrawal date from a course. Note: Under unusual and/or unforeseeable circumstances which disrupt the academic norm, instructors are expected to provide grading schemes and academic feedback in the spirit of these regulations, as soon as possible. For more information on the Grading Scheme and Feedback Policy, please visit: http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/document.php?document=86 In-Class Tests and Exams - the 20% Rule: For all Undergraduate courses, except those which regularly meet on Friday evening or on a weekend, tests or exams worth more than 20% will not be held in the two weeks prior to the beginning of the official examination period. For further information on the 20% Rule, please visit: http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/document.php?document=141 For further information on examination scheduling and other important dates, please refer to: http://www.registrar.yorku.ca/enrol/dates/index.htm Reappraisals: Students may, with sufficient academic grounds, request that a final grade in a course be reappraised (which may mean the review of specific pieces of tangible work). Non-academic grounds are not relevant for grade reappraisals; in such cases, students are advised to petition to their home Faculty. Students are normally expected to first contact the course director to discuss the grade received and to request that their tangible work be reviewed. Tangible work may include written, graphic, digitized, modeled, video recording or audio recording formats, but not oral work. Students need to be aware that a request for a grade reappraisal may result in the original grade being raised, lowered or confirmed. For reappraisal procedures and information, please visit the Office of the Registrar site at: http://www.registrar.yorku.ca/grades/reappraisal/index.htm Accommodation Procedures: LA&PS students who have experienced a misfortune or who are too ill to attend the final examination in an ADMS course should not attempt to do so; they must pursue deferred standing. Other students should contact their home Faculty for information. For further information, please visit: http://www.registrar.yorku.ca/exams/deferred/index.htm Religious Accommodation: York University is committed to respecting the religious beliefs and practices of all members of the community, and making accommodations for observances of special significance to adherents. For more information on religious accommodation, please visit: 16 https://w2prod.sis.yorku.ca/Apps/WebObjects/cdm.woa/wa/regobs Academic Accommodation for Students with Disabilities The nature and extent of accommodations shall be consistent with and supportive of the integrity of the curriculum and of the academic standards of programs or courses. Provided that students have given sufficient notice about their accommodation needs, instructors shall take reasonable steps to accommodate these needs in a manner consistent with the guidelines established hereunder. For more information please visit the Disabilities Services website at http://www.yorku.ca/cds/ York’s disabilities offices and the Registrar’s Office work in partnership to support alternate exam and test accommodation services for students with disabilities at the Keele campus. For more information on alternate exams and tests please visit http://www.yorku.ca/altexams/ Please alert the Course Director as soon as possible should you require special accommodations. 17