1. Engaging Students in Research and Inquiry
Mick Healey and Martin Jenkins
mhealey@glos.ac.uk; www.mickhealey.co.uk; martin.jenkins@coventry.ac.uk
Workshop Presented at IPLA 14
13-14 May
The material in this handout has been developed over several years with Alan Jenkins, Professor Emeritus, Oxford
Brookes University, UK; alanjenkins@brookes.ac.uk. Further and more detailed case studies, including institutional
and national examples, references and a list of useful web sites may be found at: www.mickhealey.co.uk/resources.
Several of the following case studies are taken from Healey and Jenkins (2009), Healey et al. (2013) and Healey et al.
(2014).
We have found the framework developed Griffiths (2004) effective in supporting staff/faculty to examine both their
current courses and institutional policies and practices and in adapting innovations from elsewhere. According to
Griffiths teaching can be:
 Research-led: where students learn about research findings, the curriculum content is dominated by faculty
research interests, and information transmission is the main teaching mode;
 Research-oriented: where students learn about research processes, the curriculum emphasises as much the
processes by which knowledge is produced as learning knowledge that has been achieved, and faculty try to
engender a research ethos through their teaching; or
 Research-based: where students learn as researchers, the curriculum is largely designed around inquiry-based
activities, and the division of roles between teacher and student is minimised.
Fig 1 Curriculum design and the research-teaching nexus
STUDENTS AS PARTICIPANTS
EMPHASIS ON
RESEARCH
CONTENT
Research-tutored
Research-based
Engaged in research
discussions
Undertaking research
and inquiry
Research-led
Research-oriented
Learning about current
research in the discipline
Developing research
and inquiry skills and
techniques
EMPHASIS ON
RESEARCH
PROCESSES
AND
PROBLEMS
STUDENTS AS AUDIENCE
Source: Healey and Jenkins (2009, 7), based on Healey (2005, 70)
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1 Strategies for engaging students with research in disciplines
Here we use the four categories shown in Figure 1 as a framework for structuring the case studies. Each way of linking
research and teaching is associated with a different way of engaging students with research:

research-led: learning about current research in the discipline;

research-oriented: developing research skills and techniques;

research-based: undertaking research and inquiry; and

research-tutored: engaging in research discussions.
Despite the extent to which students are participants being one of the dimensions of the model, the examples
explored in this paper are primarily active and exciting experiences. Hence most belong in the top half of the model.
1.1 Research-led: learning about current research in the discipline
Students can be engaged with current research in the discipline in a variety of ways, including through lectures,
academic staff-led seminars, laboratories and course work. The examples below focus on strategies that clearly put
students in active mode as they encounter current research in their subject.
Biochemistry undergraduate students are helped to read research articles at the University of Leicester, UK
The expectation that students in the latter stages of an Honours degree will be keeping abreast of developments in a
particular field of knowledge requires them to become conversant with research articles. Yet the content of such
papers is frequently initially impenetrable. In the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Leicester some final
third-year modules are, in effect, journal reading clubs around particular research themes. Key components of the
first-year programme are explicitly structured to introduce them to reading and to writing as researchers. In
particular, as part of a year-long scientific skills module a set of exercises has the 70 or so students first consider the
structure of a scientific report and read and evaluate a given research paper. Subsequently, students are asked to
imagine themselves as scientific investigators interested in a specific problem. In tutor-led group discussion, they
design an experiment to investigate the problem and then individually write a report based on provided data.
Further information: Wilmott et al. (2003)
Introducing students to academic staff research: Department of Geography, University
College London (UCL), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
All year one students in Geography at UCL do an assignment in term one, in which students interview a member of
academic staff about their research.
 Each first year tutorial group is allocated a member of academic staff who is not their tutor.

Tutorial groups are given three representative pieces of writing by the member of staff along with a copy of their
CV, and a date is arranged for the interview.

Before the interview, students read these materials and develop an interview schedule.

On the basis of their reading and the interview, each student individually writes a 1,500 word report on: a) the
objectives of the interviewee's research; b) how that research relates to their earlier studies; and c) how the
interviewee's research relates to his or her teaching, other interests and geography as a whole.
In the first-year Mechanical Engineering course at Imperial College London in the 1990s:
 Engineering students were divided into 10 to 15 groups of four to five students in the January;

each student group was given an engineering ‘artefact’, e.g. a safety razor; the bottom frame of a bicycle. In the
next few weeks these student groups could knock on the doors of any of the department’s research groups or
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academic staff, and ask questions around the issue of ‘what research are you doing that might effect how this
artefact will look like and function in about five years time?’;

later all student groups presented a poster that provided a summary of their findings;

the poster session was held in large public space in the department with some 700 attending; academic staff,
support staff, postgraduates and first-year and other students.
Further information: Dwyer (2001)
Research emphasis days in Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, UK and the University of Florida, US
Each year the School of Veterinary Studies at the University of Edinburgh organises a ‘Research Emphasis Day’ where
local researchers present current work to students of all years in a conference style format. In addition the School
invites speakers from a variety of potential research employers to an event called VetChoice where students from any
year are invited to learn about research opportunities for veterinary undergraduates and graduates. These range from
talking about research opportunities within the Veterinary School to opportunities outside the School. The University
of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine organises a similar event.
Further information: Struthers et al. (2008); http://www.link.vet.ed.ac.uk/internal/red.htm
http://www.wlcastleman.com/ufvetmed/phizeta07/index.htm
1.2 Research-oriented: developing research skills and techniques
Assisting undergraduates to develop research skills and techniques is a key aspect of the intellectual journey of
students as they develop as researchers. It is rather worrying though, that in one study only between a quarter and a
third of final-year students at both research-intensive and less research-intensive institutions report that they feel
have developed these skills, despite most of them having undertaken compulsory courses in research techniques
(Turner et al., 2008). Course lectures, practical and laboratory classes and course work are common modes of
teaching in which research skills and techniques are particularly emphasised. The examples that follow illustrate other
ways in which they may be developed.
Asking questions in Plant Biology at the Australian National University
A practical exercise designed for a level 2 course involves students: making observations in a botanical garden; coming
up with ten questions each (e.g. why do eucalypt leaves dangle?); sharing one of these questions with another group
of students; coming up as a group with hypotheses based on the question (e.g. eucalypt trees in arid environments
have leaves that dangle at steeper angles than those in wet environments); thinking of ways of testing the hypothesis;
and writing up individually their ten questions and one hypothesis as a 750-word mini-proposal for a research project.
Further information: Website no longer available
A guide for undergraduate dissertations in Sociology, Anthropology, Politics, Social Policy, Social Work and
Criminology at Sheffield Hallam University, UK []
This web-resource was prepared to provide support and guidance for students writing dissertations in the social
sciences, but it offers useful guidance for any students carrying out research. It deals with some of the common
questions, concerns and practical issues that undergraduate students face when planning a piece of social research –
such as research design, ethics, access and writing styles. The resource also provides some useful information for
academic staff who are supervising undergraduate dissertations. It provides case studies of dissertation supervision
issues and examples of the students' experiences of completing a project, and the 'student voice' should be especially
valuable for new supervisors.
Further information: www.socscidiss.bham.ac.uk/s1.html; Todd et al. (2004)
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Embedding inquiry-based learning in a skills module concerned with sustainability at the University of
Gloucestershire, UK []
‘Skills 4 Sustainability’ is a first-year course in which skills for inquiry-based learning is embedded in a module on
sustainability. The module is delivered from weeks 1 to 12 of the first semester by a team of eight tutors to about 150
students with no formal lectures. Students are organised into tutor groups according to their subject specialism.
Students inquire into and develop a proposal for improving the sustainability of the University, which they must
research and present as a group. The students are prepared for their inquiry-based project by different activities in
the preceding weeks. The best proposal from each tutor group goes forward to the Green Dragons’ Den for
consideration by an expert panel comprising the University Vice-Chancellor, the Director of Institute for Sustainability
and a local business manager. Half the module marks are given for the creation of an individual e-portfolio, built up
throughout the module, which requires students to reflect on sustainability issues, their own position and action they
might take to improve their own sustainability, both environmentally and as a learner.
Further information: Swansborough et al. (2007)
Auditing and developing student research skills at the University of Adelaide, Australia and the University of
Reading, UK
Selected departments at the Universities of Adelaide and Reading have systematically audited department-based
undergraduate and postgraduate programmes for the extent to which they develop student research ‘skills’. The
University of Adelaide has developed both a conceptual framework on student research development and based on
this, a diagnostic tool to support interventions to strengthen student research skill development in courses. Thus two
consecutive first-year courses in Medical Science have adapted their assessment tasks explicitly and systematically to
develop student research skills in accordance with the Research Skill Development (RSD) framework. A broadened
application of the framework is being trialled, including with laboratory-based and numeracy-rich research, as well as
with other disciplines and departments, including Petroleum Engineering, Nursing and English.
The framework is publicly available for other institutions to adapt. Within departments methods to collect data on
undergraduates' research skills teaching and learning can be time-consuming and ineffective. At the University of
Reading a related electronic 'research skills audit tool' has been developed for academic staff to map systematically
research skills teaching and assessment within their own modules.
Further information: Willison and O’Regan (2006, 2007); Fraser et al. (2007)
Primary source repositories, inquiry-based learning and social bookmarking (University of Lincoln) []
This project involves encouraging students to engage actively with the Internet as a source of primary research in
History through the use of social bookmarking. In this approach, students constructed annotated resource lists based
on online resources that they had found relating to the weekly topic of study and shared them with one another using
the social bookmarking service, Diigo (https://www.diigo.com/). Students also had to post weekly questions based on
their reading to a forum within Diigo in order to reinforce their engagement with the material and to provide relevant
topics for discussion in the seminars.
Social bookmarking is a way for users to save, manage and share websites with one another
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_bookmarking). The choice of this approach recognised that student use of the
Internet in History and other Humanities disciplines can often be problematic. This approach was designed to
encourage active student engagement with the Internet as a site for conducting research and refining digital literacy
skills in searching for, evaluating and using information online.
Further information: http://makingdigitalhistory.co.uk/files/2013/06/TEL-case-study-primary-source-repositories-andsocial-bookmarking-submitted-Jan-2014.pdf
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1.3 Research-based: undertaking research and inquiry
Probably the most obvious way for undergraduate students to engage in research is to undertake final-year
dissertation or capstone research and inquiry projects. In the examples below we look at other ways in which students
may be involved in research projects from the first year onwards, both within the curriculum and outside it. We also
give examples of ways that the outcomes of these research projects may be celebrated.
Introducing inquiry-based teaching methods in Literary Studies at University of Manchester, UK
The traditional form of Literary Studies teaching in HE is tutor-centred. In this case study a group of second-year
students studying Eighteenth Century Literature are introduced to inquiry-based learning in the first week of the first
semester. The course consists of a weekly lecture and a weekly seminar. The latter consists of 15 students divided into
three groups. During the seminars the tutor acts as a task-giver and thereafter as both an information resource,
responding to student requests, and as a facilitator moving from subgroup to subgroup helping discussion to develop.
For example, in week 1 the students were given a poem by Samuel Johnson, On the death of Dr Robert Levet. The
poem was issued to students without annotations or supporting detailed biographical information. Each subgroup was
asked to address two questions: ‘What kind of language does the poem use?’ and ‘What belief system, if any, does the
poem imply?’. Most groups responded to this task actively by exploring and considering the possibilities from a range
of perspectives, establishing and pooling any existing knowledge and assessing its applicability to the task in hand. By
emphasising the need to seek other sources to contextualise their answers, the facilitator began to establish the
research element crucial to moving from ‘problem solving’ to something more nuanced.
Further information: Hutchings and O’Rourke (2003)
Science undergraduates build on research of previous students at University College London, UK
Students on a course on the History of Science at UCL are involved in an ongoing pilot project aimed at a full
integration of teaching and research at the undergraduate level. The chief innovation is the mechanism of inheritance:
each year students receive a body of work produced by the previous group of students and make improvements and
additions to it; this process can be repeated until publishable materials are produced. This is part of a system of
learning that enables students to function as a real and evolving community of researchers. First developed in a final
third-year course, the “course will now be open to second years which will enable interested students to continue
their work as part of their dissertation, and to strengthen the diachronic community by having the previous year’s
students present when the next cohort take the course” (Chang 2007, 21).
Further information: Chang (2005, 2007); Chang and Jackson (2007); Ambrosio and Jackson (2011);
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/study/hpsc/3007
History students contribute research findings to a website at the University of Victoria, Canada []
In 2002, John Lutz taught, for the first time, History 481: Micro History and the Internet, a learner-centred and
research-oriented subject in which the main activity was primary archival research on various aspects of life in
Victoria, British Columbia from 1843 to 1900. Initial subject activities include orientation to the historical archives in
Victoria and basic web-site creation skills. Students work in small groups on a research project and the final research
‘product’ of the subject is a web site, not a standard research paper. The subject has been developed with the support
of local community groups and another university. It is one of the international innovative examples of digital history
where the web is used as a research tool, a means of disseminating research and developing student web skills.
Further information: http://www.victoriasvictoria.ca/; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_history;
http://web.uvic.ca/~jlutz/courses/hist481/index.html
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1.4 Research-tutored: engaging in research discussions
Engaging in discussion is a key way to develop understanding. Traditionally in higher education this takes place
through staff-led academic tutorials and seminars. Here we consider other ways in which undergraduates may engage
with research through discussion.
Involving first-year English students in the international research community at University of Gloucestershire, UK
[]
At the University of Gloucestershire, Arran Stibbe allows students to take on the identity of a researcher from the
start of their time at university. In the EZ102 Language & Ecology module the students have an opportunity to share
their insights with the wider research community. The research community in turn has something to gain from
student contributions because students can critically analyse aspects of their language and culture that others have
yet to examine. The students are encouraged to take part in the international research community through working
with the Language & Ecology Research Forum – the main international forum for research in ecolinguistics. The Forum
links together a network of scholars, has an online journal, a range of resources and a dedicated section for the EZ102
module. The approach works best when students are becoming critically aware of texts that they are familiar with,
rather than struggling to understand new genres understood better by the lecturer than by the students.
Further information: www.ecoling.net/courses.html;
resources.glos.ac.uk/ceal/resources/casestudiesactivelearning/activelearningcasestudies/index.cfm
Student group work assignments based on analysis of current Geoscience discipline journal article analyses at the
University of Adelaide, Australia []
This Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Interactive Multimedia (IMM) project is an exercise in knowledge engineering that has been
used in a final-year undergraduate Structural Geology course since 1996. Two or three students work collaboratively
on the development of a multimedia-based analysis of one international journal article, interrogate and summarise
the text, but also become familiar with the figures, diagrams, plates, tables and these days often simulations and
animations that may be available on the author's website. One very important key to the research-teaching link is
when the students have to devise a question to the author(s) and to email that question. Authors generally reply
positively to the questions and occasionally a general dialogue occurs. The exercise has now been running
continuously for eight years and has been carried out by about 400 students. This has left a legacy of about 150 IMM
modules providing interesting summaries of much of the last eight years of cutting-edge research in Structural
Geology.
Further information: James (2003)
Students across all three years of an Environmental Studies degree course worked together on local sustainability
projects at the University of Sunderland, UK
Students on an Environmental Studies degree at the University of Sunderland undertook local sustainability projects,
which brought levels 1, 2 and 3 students together in small research groups to work in collaboration with Sunderland
City Council's Local Agenda 21 personnel, and other local environment and development agencies.
Further information: Hughes et al. (2001)
This framework provides a useful way to talk about the nature of undergraduate research and inquiry in different
disciplines, because it is inclusive of different pedagogies for engaging students. Some individuals, course teams,
departments and even whole institutions have used the framework to audit their practice to see if they have, what
they consider in their context to be, an appropriate balance of activities.
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Blended Problem Based Learning: Supporting collaboration for unguided group research with Web 2.0 tools (John
Bennett, York Law School, University of York) []
This case study focuses on a blended design approach for a new postgraduate LLM International Corporate and
Commercial Law programme at the University of York, using a combination of lectures, discursive seminars and
problem based learning (PBL) activities.
The 2009-10 LLM programme was designed to include an assessed PBL activity in each module, worth 30% of the total
marks on offer to students in the module assessment. The PBL activity followed on after the delivery of introductory
lectures and seminars by the teaching staff, which provided students with a theoretical overview of the key themes of
the module. The PBL cycle ran over one week, from the introduction of the problem to the submission of a group
solution by students. This involved two key elements: in the first part of the cycle learning outcomes would be
developed and in the second part of the cycle the students would feedback their research on those learning outcomes
and apply them to the original problem.
The problem took the form of a case history, which students were invited to analyse and then to develop “learning
outcomes”, which were areas of law that they had chosen (supported by the PBL tutor as facilitator). Discussion, after
an initial class-based session, took place in an online collaborative space on the University’s virtual learning
environment (VLE), where students were presented with the group wiki and blog tools. These were used to manage
the research activity addressing the learning outcomes and to seek an agreed solution to the problem.
In the second part of the cycle, the group would “feedback” their research in the presence of PBL tutor and show their
understanding of that knowledge by applying it to the original problem.
Extract from Yorkshare Inspiration - https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/ELearning%20Development%20Team/Internal/Evaluation/Case%20Studies/caseStudyPages/LLM%20Blended%20Learni
ng.html
2: Engaging students in research and inquiry at the beginning of their academic studies
2.1 Undergraduate research at the University of Gloucestershire, UK begins at induction
In 2007, over 650 students in the Faculty of Education, Humanities and Science undertook discipline-based inquiry
projects during induction week. This involved them working in small groups to collect information from the library and
in the field, analyse it, present it to tutors in novel ways and receive formative feedback. For example, the human
geographers and the sociologists researched the experience of Gloucester residents of ‘the Great Flood of 2007’. The
biologists and the psychologists investigated primate behaviour at Bristol Zoo. Other faculties in the University are
developing their own versions of undergraduate research as part of induction. It has also proved a significant staff
development activity both for the many academic tutors involved in designing inquiry-led activities and for the library
staff who changed their approach to library induction to support the specific student research projects.
Further information http://insight.glos.ac.uk/tli/resources/toolkit/wal/sustainable/Documents/Induction.pdf
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2.2 Inquiry-based learning introductory course for Social Sciences had a significant impact on students’ subsequent
performance at McMaster University, Canada
McMaster University has been running a first-year course for Social Sciences based on inquiry since the late 1990s. It
is typically taught in groups of no more than 25 students assigned to an instructor, who are subdivided into groups of
four or five students. All of the groups have the same curriculum, reading material, process of assessment and goals
that are outlined in a detailed compendium. The classes meet for 12 three-hour concurrent sessions. Class time
consists of a combination of exercises and tasks for building the students’ critical abilities and time for students to
share ideas about their individual inquiries with other students. Students investigate aspects of a broad social science
theme, such as ‘self-identity’, and address a common inquiry question, such as: ‘Why do images of ethnicity, race,
gender, sexuality, age, class, or abilities help to create aspects of personal and community identity?’ Students have to
propose their own inquiry question, such as: ‘Why do some children apparently become violent after watching violent
cartoons while others seem to be unaffected?’ They have to justify why the question was important in relation to
existing literature. They then investigate the question through a process that involves developing and testing
hypotheses using secondary sources. There is strong research evidence of the positive impact of this inquiry course on
the subsequent performances of students at McMaster University.
Further information
Justice et al. (2002, 2007a, 2007b, 2009); socserv2.mcmaster.ca/Inquiry/CourseOutline.htm; For more recent versions
of the course see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9idE_uCIpc ;
http://cte.uwaterloo.ca/research_on_teaching_and_learning/TBRG/OND/2011/Presentations/Vine.pdf
2.3 Introduction to writing research and contemporary cultures at Miami University, Ohio, US []
Students in the first-year core course in ‘Writing and Cultures’ investigate how the forms of writing, and the
methodologies for researching writing and culture, are being transformed through web-based communication.
Through this reading and writing intensive seminar, students investigate how digitised technologies are transforming
the forms of writing and communication. The course culminates in a group assignment where students, using
secondary and primary sources, investigate an aspect of contemporary culture (e.g. dating, shopping) and how the
forms of communication are being reshaped by the internet. They produce a multimodal website that includes text,
digital images, audio and video. The course fulfils institutional requirements for the liberal education goal of critical
thinking.
Further information
www.users.muohio.edu/mckeeha/h101-09; www.users.muohio.edu/mckeeha/h101-09/final_project.html;
2.4 Psychology students research students’ quality of life at York St John University, UK
First-year Psychology students undertook an eight-week project in which they collected data from themselves and
three other students using four short inventories and a biographical questionnaire in order to research topics related
to students’ quality of life. This project provided students with the opportunity to collect ‘live’ data, contribute to a
developing database, select data for analysis and write up findings. The topics available for selection by students were
linked to the research interests of the lecturer, making the project mutually beneficial. A departmental technician
provided assistance with questionnaire design, the development and maintenance of a database, data entry and
tutoring on some portions of the project.
Further information
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/detail/subjects/psychology/Akhurst-case-study
2.5 Inquiry-based learning in first-year Information Management at the University of Sheffield, UK []
‘Inquiry in Information Management’ is a first-year, second-semester core module with an enrolment of about 30. The
course aims to induct students into learning as a community of researchers in a professional applied discipline.
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Students work in groups on research projects from generating their own valid, practical and worthwhile research
questions (e.g. student awareness of the environmental impact of mobile phones) through to presenting findings at a
research ‘mini-conference’; groups maintain a group blog on their activities. Work on these projects starts in the
fourth week, following a series of preparatory workshops, which include exploring their conceptions of ‘research’ and
how to pose and investigate research questions in Information Management. In the final week, guests at the miniconference include PhD students, lecturers and researchers, and the Head of Department. All guests contribute to
assessment of research posters, using criteria that the first-year students on the module have established previously
in collaboration with module tutors.
Further information
www.shef.ac.uk/cilass/cases/informationmanagement.html; Cox et al. (2008)
2.6 All first-year biologists have research experiences at Cornell University, US
The ‘Explorations Program’, which has been running since 1991, introduces Biology first-year undergraduates to
research by Cornell faculty in the context of a course of 700 to 900 students. Large-scale funding has created 100 to
120 ‘experiences’, each of approximately three to four hours, for groups of six to eight students. Most are designed to
introduce students to the kinds of research problems on which the faculty member works. Programmes take place
both in research labs on campus and at field sites near campus. The programme is structured so that each student is
required to participate in one ‘Exploration’ per semester. For example, recent explorations have varied from ‘how do
you tell if animals have color vision?’ to ‘why do sperm whales swim in circles?’
Further information
www.reinventioncenter.miami.edu/Spotlights/spotlight.html; biog-101104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/explorations/explorations.html
2.7 Improving interactions between first-year science students and researchers through an informal networking
program at The University of Queensland, Australia
The Undergraduate Science Students Experience in Research (USSER) Network is an extracurricular program
welcoming first year undergraduate science students to the research culture of The University of Queensland (UQ)
from their first semester. The primary aims are to increase the frequency and quality of interactions between
undergraduate science students and UQ researchers, to help students understand what a career in research entails,
and the specific research being conducted by scientists at UQ. Of the three components to the USSER Network
(lunches, tours and placements), the main component is the “Meet the Researcher” lunches, during which researchers
meet with groups of undergraduate students over informal lunches each semester. These lunches take a round robin
a ‘speed dating’ format, where 3-5 students and a researcher have a 10-15 minute conversations about research and
career paths. Once time is up, the researcher moves to the next table to meet with a second, and finally, a third group
of students. At the end of these three rounds, each researcher provides a short biography for the entire group, and
students are able to mingle with the researchers they have common interests with for the remainder of the lunch. The
design has been shown to foster conversations amongst small groups, and thus provide numerous, personalised
interactions between the researchers and over 100 new science students at each event. In addition, students are
invited to undertake guided tours of research facilities on the campus, and are supported in gaining work experience
with research groups through a placement program.
Further information
Farrand and Myatt (2009); www.science.uq.edu.au/usser
2.8 1,000 biology students are involved in research at University of Sydney, Australia
First year Biology students at the University of Sydney contribute to the understanding of the prevalence of asthma in
Sydney. Each student learns to pour an agar plate which they take home and expose in their back yard over a 10
minute period, to collect a sample of airborne fungal spores in the atmosphere. There are 1000 students in the class
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and they live all over the Sydney metropolitan area. Once the fungi collected have grown into colonies, students learn
to use a key to identify the fungi, and the class results are converted into maps showing the distribution of the
different species. This generates new knowledge, which they discuss online with an international expert, and which is
fed into research programs on allergens. The students involved reported a better awareness of research, and their
involvement in it, than students involved in a practical course which had a traditional textbook demonstration
practical exercise. Dr Charlotte Taylor describes a thousand students as an 'ideal' size of research team for carrying
out research of this nature.
Further information
Taylor and Green (2007); http://www.mq.edu.au/ltc/altc/ug_research/research_curriculum.htm
2.9 Introducing students to academic staff research: Department of Geography, University
College London (UCL)
All year one students in Geography at UCL do an assignment in term one, in which students interview a member of
academic staff about their research.
 Each first year tutorial group is allocated a member of academic staff who is not their tutor.

Tutorial groups are given three representative pieces of writing by the member of staff along with a copy of their
CV, and a date is arranged for the interview.

Before the interview, students read these materials and develop an interview schedule.

On the basis of their reading and the interview, each student individually writes a 1,500 word report on: a) the
objectives of the interviewee's research; b) how that research relates to their earlier studies; and c) how the
interviewee's research relates to his or her teaching, other interests and geography as a whole.
Further information
Dwyer (2001)
2.10 Developing Transferable Research Skills in First Year Agricultural Economics Students at University of Sydney,
Australia []
A problem-based learning approach was adopted for a unit of study in first year agricultural economics at the
University of Sydney with the aim of starting development of students’ research skills earlier than usual. The novel
teaching approach employed a structured and guided problem activity in the first semester and progressed to a more
authentic problem activity in the second semester where the students worked in online peer groups to identify their
own problem within a specified challenging area (market failure), carry out research and discuss findings prior to
submitting an individual essay on their chosen topic. A structured learning journal with 10 questions was used in the
second semester where the students recorded their reflections on a range of aspects of the learning process. None of
the questions specifically asked about research yet 72% of the students mentioned it at least once. These learning
journals were analysed for unsolicited comments about learning and research to gauge what the students themselves
believed they had learned about research and how it can be transferred to other disciplines and future employment.
The final essays were independently analysed by using eight research performance criteria to estimate the degree of
research skills displayed by the students. Most of the students performed well in six of the research criteria indicating
that development of research skills can be initiated in the first year of a degree program.
Source: Koppi et al. (2010)
2.11 Scientific Communications 101: A student organised science conference at Curtin University, Australia
Students in an introductory year one course with a linked focus on physics and science communication were required
to plan and present a one-day Physics conference. The context was an institutional requirement that employment
focused communication skills be integrated into disciplinary programmes. The idea of a student-organised science
conference, publication of the proceedings, and the reasons for the approach were explained to students in the first
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Physics class. For the following week, students were asked to decide on a Physics topic they were interested in
presenting at the conference, the overall theme for the conference, and how all the students would contribute to the
organisation of the conference and the publication. Later in the term the conference took place over a day and staff
and students from the department and local high school students and their teachers attended. In the years that the
course ran it succeeded in helping students develop more effective communication skills linked to their discipline,
introduced them to research debates and helped them begin to think and communicate like physicists.
Further information: Zadnick and Radloff (1995)
2.12 Students in large first year science course learn about the research done in the department and university at
University of Technology Sydney, Australia []
As part of a first year physics course with an enrolment of c500 students watched video or listened to audio interviews
with selected faculty and postgraduate students who described their current ongoing research and discussed its
potential relevance to the students’ current and future studies and careers. A required writing assignment had
students analysing the interviews and relating it to their studies.
The assignment and linked web materials was created by a team of discipline researchers, media technology and
communication specialists. Linked lecture presentations set the activity in the wider contexts of disciplinary research
and science communication. Findings over three semesters showed that students consistently judged the activity to
be a positive learning experience, and academics, whose research is highlighted, valued the opportunity to explain
their work. Unfortunately when the innovator went on sabbatical the exercise was dropped.
Sources: Kirkup and Bonfiglioli (2011)
2.13 Grand Challenges 2013: a researcher led programme for first year undergraduates at University of Exeter, UK
This programme provides first year students with a researcher led 11 day educational experience at the end of the
academic year. Students produce solutions and ideas to tackle some of the key dilemmas of the 21st Century, like
climate change, ageing, ethical banking, child health and international security. The programme includes a cultural,
social and sporting festival on campus during the middle weekend.
Central to the programme are twelve interdisciplinary 21st century dilemmas. Students work in cross-disciplinary
groups to address significant cultural, social, economic and/or environmental issues. Divided into small groups
facilitated by a postgraduate (PG) inquiry group facilitator, students research key questions and produce negotiated
outputs which are communicated to wider audiences. Examples include writing a policy paper, U-tube videos,
debates, awareness campaigns, myth buster pamphlets, social media discussions and dramatic presentations.
Four key principles which relate to research informed education underpin the dilemmas:
Research led
Exeter has a tradition of introducing undergraduates to research skills and ideas and this is embedded in the Strategy
for research led education. The 21st century dilemmas provide a powerful focus for teaching and learning through
research. Senior Academic Champions with a national or international research profile take the lead and recruit well
known external champions to work with them. Together with other academics and PG students they ensure the rigour
and research relevance of the work.
Interdisciplinarity
Each dilemma builds on interdiciplinary research being undertaken at the University. Students are given insights into
this research and use concepts and approaches to develop skills which transcend disciplinary boundaries. They should
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be able to transfer some of their new research knowledge and skills into their University programme during
subsequent years.
Inquiry based learning
Ensuring that students have an intrinsic motivation to engage is a challenge at the end of the summer term;
consequently dilemmas are designed around active approaches used by researchers. With support, students:
 actively set their own goals;
 take part in research like activities to gain knowledge and skills; and
 are responsible for communicating high quality outputs at the end of the dilemma.
Education for employability
Employability related master classes and research-like employability related skills are embedded into the programme.
Opportunities to reflect on these are integral. A significant link has been made with the Exeter Award and several
employer led events take place. Students who show the greatest commitment and innovative thinking are awarded
places at the Battle of Ideas 2013 and, for a select few, a chance to attend the One Young World Summit 2013 . At
both of these events they will have opportunities to work with internationally reknown thinkers and researchers.
Sources: Correspondence with Sue Burkill (Sue.Burkill@exeter.ac.uk);
http://www.exeter.ac.uk/grandchallenges/aboutgrandchallenges/; Kay, J (2013)
2.14 A first-semester experience exploring the history of science through one-act plays at Concordia College, USA
All first-year students are required to enrol in a one-semester inquiry course that is discussion based and writing
intensive. Topics for these courses are driven by faculty interest and expertise and are offered by departments across
campus All Inquiry courses share common learning outcomes that include explaining the value of intellectual
investigation and demonstrating the ability to conduct an intellectual investigation by gathering data for wellreasoned arguments and cogent conclusions. For example, in ‘Unravelling the Mysteries: Sheldon Cooper and Other
Great Scientists through the Ages’, students read historical and contemporary texts, lead class discussions on course
readings, write a traditional dissertation on an argument they have chosen and developed, and perform 30-minute
one-act plays with scientific demonstrations.
The central text for the course is The Scientists by John Gribbin who takes the reader on a journey of science through
the lives of the most influential Western scholars from the Renaissance through the turn of the millennium. Students
are assigned into working groups of three or four students. In the first half of the semester, each group is responsible
for leading the discussion on one chapter (time period) and is expected to include independent research that enriches
the context and content for the scene beyond the ‘who did what when’ to include the influence of politics, health,
religion, communication and culture, to name a few. Each group also performs a 30-minute one-act play around a
central character or characters from their assigned time period. Their plays must include a 10-minute demonstration
of a key scientific principle, discovery or invention developed by their character(s). Students are shuffled into new
groups for the second half of the semester, facilitate another discussion and perform a second one-act. Just before
the mid-semester point, pairs of students interview a teacher-scholar in the division of science and mathematics at
our institution. The course culminates with the students writing about the scientific journey of their interviewee with
the intention of informing a lay audience about the research activities and interests of their faculty and students.
Sources: Correspondence with Krys Strand (strand@cord.edu); http://www.concordiacollege.edu/about/concordia-ata-glance/; http://www.concordiacollege.edu/student-life/first-year-experience/;
http://www.concordiacollege.edu/student-life/first-year-experience/inquiry-seminars/
2.15 Students hold a Green Week at Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design & Technology, Ireland
First year students, initially in management and marketing but now working across faculties and disciplines investigate
issues with respect to the question How green/sustainable is our campus?. They are supported by academic staff and
the Estates department. Students start defining group topics in September, consider how to examine and analyse local
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data, and in March, for one week, examine the issue in depth and present their results and recommendations in a
campus-wide event attended by senior management.
Source: Correspondence with Jenny Haughton (jenny.haughton@iadt.ie);
https://www.facebook.com/pages/IADT-Dun-Laoghaire-Green-Week-2013/329029953874904
http://www.iadt.ie/en/
2.16 Making Digital History: students as partners in online learning, teaching and research (University of Lincoln)
[]
The pedagogic approach in this example focuses on the role of students as collaborators in the production of
knowledge, engaging students in independent and research-based online learning (both individually and
collaboratively). The key innovation underpinning the Making Digital History project is that students are required to
produce their own interactive learning objects using Xerte rather than ‘consume’ Xerte-based content that has been
produced for them.
Lincoln have used this approach in a number of modules including the first-year core module ‘East meets West’, with
over 100 students. Students work in groups of 3-5 were to create a Xerte object with between 8 and 10 ‘pages’, which
would be made available online for other students, including at other institutions, to use.
Xerte (http://www.xerte.org.uk/index.php?lang=en) is a tool for developing interactive learning materials that was
developed at the University of Nottingham with JISC funding.
Further information: http://makingdigitalhistory.co.uk/files/2013/05/TEL-case-study-Making-Digital-Historysubmitted-Jan-2014.pdf
3. Final year and capstone projects
See: 2013 Developing and enhancing undergraduate final year projects and dissertations. York: HE Academy. (Healey
M, Lannin L, Stibbe A and Derounian J) 93pp
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/projects/detail/ntfs/ntfsproject_Gloucestershire10
3.1 Engaging students in applied research through a community sports development consultancy project at
University of Central Lancashire, UK
The final year Community Sports Development module acts as a capstone module for Sports Coaching students. This
module is an optional module which is taken in addition to the honours dissertation. Students work as a project team
through a consultancy brief with a partner agency and recommend strategies that can be employed to support
community development through community sport and coaching initiatives. There are normally 8-12 consultancy
briefs divided up among the 40-50 students, with students creating their own consultancy teams. Examples of
consultancy projects include: a) A “health check” of football refereeing in Blackburn; b) Community Sport and Crime
Reduction; and c) Community Sport (“Street Dance”). The emphasis is upon the students creating professional
working relationships with the client organisations in order to carry out primary research that is directed by the clients
and supported by the Academic staff at the University. Students are expected to hold regular review meetings with
the clients, carry out interviews with relevant stakeholders; use secondary research to help analyse their findings; and
present their work and recommendations to the organisation through the staging of a mini–conference, where all the
partner groups are invited. Representatives from agencies provide the feedback on students’ work, judging on the
content, feasibility of solutions, and competency in conducting research.
Source: //resources.glos.ac.uk/ceal/resources/casestudiesactivelearning/undergraduate/index.cfm
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3.2 Modelling the research experience: Tourism students' virtual conference at Universities of Lincoln and
Wolverhampton, UK []
In May every year, final-year Tourism students at the Universities of Lincoln and Wolverhampton participate together
in a live virtual conference, as part of their final-level assessment. A conference is a useful vehicle for extending
insight into the process and practice of knowledge creation and dissemination and for students to participate as, in
effect, research disseminators. Information technology has made it possible: during the specified time frame of one
week, students across two campuses can come together at times of their choosing to participate in a joint effort to
disseminate research findings and engage in dialogue about their research. Feedback from them has been very
positive and encouraging. Two qualified web designers built the site and have been on hand to deal with technical
issues. Teaching staff have provided support for the conference throughout. Students submit a full conference paper,
but it is only a summary discussion paper that appears on the conference website. Each student is also required to
post a comment on another conference paper, in true conference dialogue tradition.
Sources: www.tsvc.lincoln.ac.uk;
3.3 Language students work in teams on international market research projects at Leeds Metropolitan University,
UK
For almost 15 years all the final-year undergraduates on language degrees at Leeds Metropolitan University work in
teams of four over a full year to undertake international market research projects on behalf of local businesses,
following project briefs prepared for them by the managers in those businesses. The students practise the whole
range of skills they have developed on their course (applied languages, team-working, time management, research,
project management, data analysis, report-writing, presenting recommendations and so on) in a real-world
environment based on genuine commercial needs and products. The students appreciate that they are not working on
a case study but with actual products and professionals who teach them about expectations in a professional
environment. Over the years, those products have included fashion jewellery, specialist woven fabrics, language
services, bathroom equipment and even high-speed, crash-proof shutter doors. Students are particularly fascinated by
the company or factory tours as, for many of them, it will be the first time they have ever seen behind the facade of a
business. The employers also prize the experience as they get valuable research undertaken that can assist them with
their strategic development of international markets.
Sources: Webb (2008; 2012)
3.4 Giving students first-hand experience of research-based consultancy in environmental management at
University of Queensland, Australia
Team-based problem-based learning in used in the final year capstone course for the Environmental Management,
Rural Management Environmental Tourism and Tropical Forestry degrees at the University of Queensland’s Faculty of
Natural Resources, Agriculture and Veterinary Science to give students experience of research-based consultancy. It is
a year-long course, team taught by an interdisciplinary staff (in recent years, a social scientist and an ecologist for the
internal students, a multi-skilled environmental manager taking the external students). The staff solicit suitable
‘problems’ and clients among their contacts, for instance from government agencies, non-governmental
organisations, or land care groups, or the private sector. The staff may help the client mould the topic to achieve
appropriate degrees of difficulty, and equity in workload and difficulty across the student groups. The students work
like consultants to their client, coping if the client changes the brief during the year (as many do a couple of times).
They work in groups of about six students. The clients come to campus at least three times, for an initial briefing to
their students, and presentations at the ends of first and second semester. They liaise with the students all year,
usually off campus at their offices, and by phone and email. The staff give a flexible program of lectures in first
semester, to prepare the students with skills they need towards each forthcoming step of their tasks, and in group
processes. At the end of the year their report is 'published' (printed and bound) for the clients. Peer and selfassessment are used to distribute group marks among the contributors.
Source: Correspondence with Helen Ross, 2006
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3.5 Biology start up business final year project, University of Durham, UK
Biology Enterprise is a collaborative venture between Durham Business School and the School of Biological and
Biomedical Sciences. This elective module for final year undergraduate students in the School of Biological and
Biomedical Sciences aims to introduce science students to the key processes of business start-up and enhance their
enterprising skills and behaviours. The module is project-orientated with self-selecting groups of students who
generate an idea for a business opportunity that is based on a scientific discovery. Students use their knowledge and
understanding of science to develop and research their idea into a technology that can be readily commercialised e.g.
a diabetes breath tester, a biodegradable chewing gum. In parallel, the Business School teaches students the
necessary skills and knowledge required to develop their idea into a successful business. This course offers science
undergraduates an alternative to the traditional laboratory-based project and is useful for those seeking employment
in business and commerce.
Sources: http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/events/dur05.aspx
http://www.dur.ac.uk/biosciences/undergraduate/courses/content/level3/lab_project_enterprise_schools/;
http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/journal/vol11/beej-11-r2.aspx
http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/ftp/events/york05/cowie.pdf
3.6 Preparing and defending a consultancy report in environmental geology at Kingston University, UK
Each student in a final year module is given an environmental geophysics problem and is asked to role play being a
consultant recruited to address this problem for a client, either a local authority or a private land owner. They are
required to design a solution, interpret field data and present their findings in a technical report and verbal format.
Students are required to prepare and deliver a solo presentation to an open public meeting (20 minute session,
including 5 minutes for fielding questions) describing their problem outline, methodology, data interpretation and
recommendations. The audience includes Councilors (soon up for re-election) and members of the lay public (staff
members and other students) who have a vested interest in the environmental issues. A disruptive group of 'ecowarriors' (usually noisy postgraduate students) also make an appearance! During their presentations, students must
show appropriate local and environmental considerations and effective handling of heckling from concerned local
residents and the 'eco-warrior' group.
Source: Thomas (2003)
3.7 Senior Capstone at Portland State University, US
During the final year each undergraduate student is required to participate in a Senior Capstone, the culmination of
the University Studies program. The Senior Capstone is a community-based learning experience that:
 Provides an opportunity for students to apply the expertise they have learned in their major to real issues and
problems in the community;
 Enhances students ability to work in a team context necessitating collaboration with persons from different
fields of specialization;
 Encourages students to become actively involved in this community.
Each student works with a team of students and faculty. Each Senior Capstone must result in some form of
summation, closing project, or final product that puts closure to the students' experience. Senior Capstones vary in
length ranging from one term to three terms, depending on the specific nature of the Capstone.
Sources: www.pdx.edu/unst/senior-capstone;
www.oirp.pdx.edu/portweb/published_pages/prototype/themes/cp/capstone/
3.8 Students participate in a research project on Criminal Justice linked to staff interests at Australian National
University
Students at ANU have the opportunity to participate in a research project based on current research being conducted
by members of the Faculty of Law, the Australian Institute of Criminology and Research School of Social Science.
‘Criminal Justice’ is an advanced law elective which critically examines the principal institutions, processes and legal
15
rules relating to the administration of criminal justice. The iLearning project is an assessable option that allows
students to devise research projects which have both academic value and practical outcomes.
Source: http://www.anu.edu.au/CEDAM/ilearn/research/crimjustice.html
3.9 Unravelling complexity at Australian National University (ANU)
The final year synoptic capstone course involves students from each of the seven colleges/faculties examining
different disciplinary ways to “unravel complexity”. It is the first of what the ANU hopes to be a suite of “ViceChancellor” courses where “ANU researchers from different disciplines sharing leading research ideas and discoveries
with students.” The number of students taking the course increased from 70 (10 per College) in 2009 to 210 (30 per
College) in 2010. They are selected on the basis of outstanding results and interest in and commitment to working in
policy areas. The course has a weekly two hour panel of different high profile researchers speaking to the class on
how different disciplines deal with complexity. Each panel typically consists of a range of speakers taking different
perspectives on an issue, e.g. global financial crises, the collapse of empires, contemporary 'failing' states, pandemics,
engineering and network failures and the moral and legal dimensions of these issues. Students in pairs then facilitate
a tutorial discussion with about 16 of their classmates on this topic. As the course unfolds students are encouraged to
apply methods and insights from different disciplines to each week’s case example. Reflective and interdisciplinary
thinking is encouraged through a learning portfolio being the major assessment piece for the course. Students
commented that the course structure modelled likely work scenarios they were soon to be in – i.e. working in
interdisciplinary teams on complex problems that need a diverse range of tools and perspectives to address.
Source: http://insight.glos.ac.uk/tli/activities/ntf/urproject/casestudies/Pages/default.aspx
3.10 Involving Students in Interdisciplinary Interactive Media Consultancy Projects at Miami University, Ohio, US
[]
Interactive Media Studies at Miami University is an interdisciplinary programme (including Computer Science,
Engineering, MIS, English, Marketing, Graphic Design, Education, etc.) that brings together students and faculty to
investigate how interactive media informs and transforms their disciplinary perspective. The programme has been
running since 1996 and uses problem-based learning and team-oriented projects to help students to learn how to
apply their theoretical knowledge to innovative digital solutions for a paying client. About 100 students a year take
the programme. The students work in groups of up to 20. The students themselves decide how to divide up tasks;
typically there are groups undertaking development, design and marketing. The programmes are team taught with
the last two weeks spent on de-briefing and talking about what they’ve learnt. The students are typically in class four
hours a week, but spend many more hours, for example visiting clients, undertaking research or doing user testing.
They make a presentation to their client at the end of the project. Commercial companies are charged $20,000 per
project paid on delivery; non-profit organisations and charities are typically charged c$5,000. They found the client
did not take it as seriously when no charge was made. From the client’s perspective, they get out of the box thinking
that they would never obtain from a consultant firm. The clients typically end up with something that far exceeds
their expectations. The students find it surprising and challenging to manage the changes which commonly occur
during the development stage of the project.
Sources: Interview with Glenn Platt 14 November 2007; http://student.sba.muohio.edu/ims/
4 Departmental and course team strategies to mainstream undergraduate research and inquiry
4.1 Co-ordinated interventions in Zoology at University of Tasmania, Australia
The department has developed a set of linked strategies/interventions including:
Year one (approximately 200 students)
 Workshop on the use of animals in research: students put in the position of researcher, considering experimental
design and animal ethics to complete an animal ethics application.
16

Throughout the year, students encouraged to interact with a web portal (www.zoo.utas.edu.au/rir/rir.htm) with
links to ‘Hot Topics’ in Zoology related to lecture material.
Year two
 An assessed task over several weeks, in which real, experimental data is given to the students for guided analysis
and preparation as a manuscript for publication.
Year three
 Courses include group research projects, critical reviews of current literature, writing research grant applications,
lectures from scientists outside the school and training in scientific communication.
 In the Zoology Research Unit individual students are matched with an academic supervisor to complete a
semester-long research project.
 Selected students work with academic staff to prepare a research paper for Nexus Journal of Undergraduate
Science, Engineering and Technology (www.utas.edu.au/scieng/nexus/).
Years two and three
 All invited to participate in Student Research Volunteers programme
(www.zoo.utas.edu.au/volunteers/summvolunteer3.htm). Volunteers are matched with mentors, usually
postgraduate or Honours students in the School, for short-term, in-house research placements that may offer
either laboratory or field experiences.
Years one, two and three
 ‘Reach into Research’ seminars held several times each semester (www.zoo.utas.edu.au/rir/rir2&3.htm). Speakers
from industry, collaborating institutions and School PhD students present their research, and then all nonundergraduate audience members, except the facilitator, leave the room.
Further information
Edwards et al. (2007); http://www.utas.edu.au/zoology/
4.2 Junior Research Associate Bursaries in Social Sciences and Cultural Studies at the University of Sussex, UK
From 2008 the School of Social Sciences and Cultural Studies at the University of Sussex is offering competitive
awards to selected first- and second-year students for Summer research bursaries at a rate of £200 (not taxed) per
week for eight weeks for Summer research projects. Applications must be sponsored by a member of academic staff
in the School, who must be willing to act as supervisor for the duration of the award. Bursaries are awarded to
projects that clearly link to the research agenda of the supervisor and support their Department's research strategy.
Bursaries are not awarded for projects that are part of assessed work for a degree (e.g. projects or dissertations), or
for projects involving work away from the University of Sussex.
Further information
http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lasi/teaching/bursaries
4.4 Using undergraduates to evaluate student experiences of teaching and learning in the Sociology Department,
University of Warwick, UK
In the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick, selected second- and third-year Sociology students led
an evaluation of their peers’ experiences of teaching and learning. They used a variety of social research methods –
including focus groups, interviews and participant observation – to explore the learning experiences of their peers.
The results were widely discussed within the department, and at a department away-day, and have led to students
being more involved in department academic debates. Clearly it is more transferable to those departments and
disciplines such as Sociology, Education, Psychology and Management, where students developing research skills
‘match’ the research focus.
Further information
Hughes (2005)
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4.5 Encouraging self-authorship in introductory human geography via student-created, collaborative, place-based
case studies, Miami University Ohio, US []
The Department of Geography at Miami recently redesigned its introductory human geography course, Global
Forces/Local Diversity. The primary goal was to provide support for undergraduate geography students along the
journey to self-authorship by involving them in their own learning. This is accomplished by moving away from
traditional teaching modes (e.g. lectures, textbook reading assignments, exams) toward an approach based on
weaving student-created case study inquiries into everyday teaching and learning. Students are asked to do
conceptual and thematic research in collaborative groups on real issues in particular places. They then share their
multi-media projects with other students enrolled in the class (digitally and in person) and these student-created
geographical portraits are ultimately incorporated into class discussions.
Students learn about their own place in a changing and complex world by exploring globalization as it unfolds in local
places and current events. Thematic case studies forming the center point of this course can easily be adapted,
expanded, and/or revised by new faculty or graduate student instructors over time. This not only allows the class to
be taught by a variety of diverse faculty, it also keeps course content up-to-date.
Self-authorship is also encouraged in the course by (1) conveying to students that knowledge is complex and socially
constructed; (2) validating learners’ ‘capacity to know’ by trusting in their ability to conduct collaborative research and
sharing in mutually constructed meaning; and (3) showing students how to develop a framework for authoring and
analyzing multiple perspectives.
Geography is only one of several introductory courses which have been converted to inquiry-based learning as part of
the ‘Top 25’ project at Miami (Hodge et al., 2008b).
Sources and further information:
Moore et al. (2011); http://www.units.muohio.edu/celt/engaged_learning/top25/
4.6 A Curriculum Designed to Facilitate a Student’s Journey toward Self-Authorship, Samford University, US
The geography department at Samford University recently redesigned their department’s curriculum guided by goals
of increasing student engagement with the discipline, improving their practical skills, and enhancing their ability to
solve complex problems and engage in critical thinking. Core modules provide basic instruction, but these
introductory modules incorporate case studies, problem-solving, and active engagement with the subject matter.
Students then proceed through a series of elective courses and finally to a series of courses called “Geography in
Practice”. Here students have the option of doing a supervised externship, acting as a teaching assistant for an
introductory class, or doing an independent research project.
These experiences provide students with an opportunity to link their prior coursework with practical workforce skills.
Finally all students complete a capstone experience where they may either undertake a client-based project, or may
elect to do a traditional research paper. With the client-based projects, students work in teams with an outside client
to define a problem, devise a work plan and create some distinct output. As examples, students have produced a
series of maps for a local bicycle club, worked with the university’s disability services on an accessibility map of
campus, and collaborated with an environmental agency to study sedimentation in a river.
All capstone students are assessed on a range of skills, as well as informational and quantitative literacy. As students
progress through the curriculum they are expected to take increased responsibility for their own learning and to
develop the intellectual skills necessary to move beyond the campus and into society.
Sources and further information:
Moore et al. (2011); http://howard.samford.edu/geography/
4.7 Auditing and developing student research skills at the University of Adelaide, Australia and the University of
Reading, UK
Selected departments at the Universities of Adelaide and Reading have systematically audited department-based
undergraduate and postgraduate programmes for the extent to which they develop student research ‘skills’. The
18
University of Adelaide has developed both a conceptual framework on student research development and based on
this, a diagnostic tool to support interventions to strengthen student research skill development in courses. Thus two
consecutive first-year courses in Medical Science have adapted their assessment tasks explicitly and systematically to
develop student research skills in accordance with the Research Skill Development (RSD) framework. A broadened
application of the framework is being trialled, including with laboratory-based and numeracy-rich research, as well as
with other disciplines and departments, including Petroleum Engineering, Nursing and English.
The framework is publicly available for other institutions to adapt. Within departments methods to collect data on
undergraduates' research skills teaching and learning can be time-consuming and ineffective. At the University of
Reading a related electronic 'research skills audit tool' has been developed for academic staff to map systematically
research skills teaching and assessment within their own modules.
Further information
Willison and O’Regan (2006, 2007); Fraser et al. (2007)
4.8 Students across all three years of an Environmental Studies degree course worked together on local
sustainability projects at the University of Sunderland, UK
Students on an Environmental Studies degree at the University of Sunderland undertook local sustainability projects,
which brought levels 1, 2 and 3 students together in small research groups to work in collaboration with Sunderland
City Council's Local Agenda 21 personnel, and other local environment and development agencies.
Further information
Hughes et al. (2001)
4.9 Students run the Journal of Non-Significant Differences at Grand Canyon University, USA
The Journal of Non-Significant Findings is a student-run, peer-reviewed journal designed to provide learners with a
comprehensive understanding of the research cycle and the publication process. It started as a university-wide
initiative in the doctoral college, but now includes students at all levels (undergraduate, masters, doctoral) in both the
process of managing the journal as well as in the paper submissions. In 2013 the journal was re-launched and
submissions are open to students from any university or college. Central to the journal is an understanding that
research does not have to be significant to provide valuable insight into scholarship. As such, articles are evaluated
according to the soundness of the research process and the ability to contextualize the importance of non-significant
findings.
Source: Correspondence with Jean Mandernach (jean.mandernach@gcu.edu);
http://cirt.gcu.edu/research/nonsignificant
4.10 Engaging students in research into teaching and learning at the University of Western Australia and University
of Exeter
The Undergraduate Learning and Teaching Research Internship Scheme (ULTRIS) was conceived at The University of
Western Australia (UWA) to introduce undergraduate students to authentic research outside their chosen discipline.
By focusing their research on a teaching and learning issue of identified priority for the University, students are able to
make significant contributions to the understanding of the problem and provide insights to inform future changes in
policy and practice. Beyond the benefits to the institution and the individual students, this model of undergraduate
research heralds an opportunity for research into teaching and learning to gain acceptance and interest amongst a
new and previously uninvolved cohort of investigators.
At the University of Exeter students are engaged as partners in shaping and leading their own educational
experiences through their 'students as change agents' initiative. The key concept is that students themselves take
responsibility for bringing about change, based on their own research on aspects of learning and teaching. The
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approach enables students to be actively engaged with the processes of change, often taking on a leadership role.
They are engaged deeply with the institution and their subject areas, and the focus and direction is, to a greater
extent, decided by students. The most important aspect is the focus on research, and building change on evidencebased foundations.
Students from across the university have contributed to this initiative, carrying out a series of research projects on
their learning and teaching environment, selecting concerns raised through student-staff liaison committees (SSLCs),
and providing recommendations and solutions to improve their experience. A small amount of funding was made
available from the University’s learning and teaching budget to support this initiative. Students worked as apprentice
researchers; their research methods included focus groups, informal interviews and questionnaire surveys. Outcomes
were presented at a student-staff conference, which resulted in institutional engagement with key research findings.
Each small project has also been captured through a case study. Student research has driven organisational change,
contributed to student engagement in shifts of policy and practice within the University, and supported students’
graduate skills in the areas of research, project management and presentation of outcomes, leadership and
understanding organisational development.
Further information: Partridge and Sandover (2010); Kay et al. (2010); Dunne and Zandstra (2011)
For many more case studies of students as change agents see: www.mickhealey.co.uk/resources
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