BIO 142 Study Guide for Practical l, Fall 2011
Disclaimer: This study has been edited by Dr. S. Harris and thus may differ with other professor. In
addition, this is not the “end all, be all” – please refer back to lab material data sheets, powerpoints and
model keys when studying for this practical.
Slides: You will not be allowed to adjust the coarse focus, move the eyepieces or stage during
the practical
Thyroid gland
o identify organ as thyroid gland (any power)
o identify structure: colloid filled follicle
o identify substance: colloid or thyroglobulin within follicle
o identify cell:follicle cells surroundingfollicle (can be cuboidal orsquamous epithelial cells)
o know that follicle cells secrete thyroglobulin
o know that parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin
Pituitary Gland
o identify organ as pituitary gland at 4X or LOX
o identify regions of organ: posterior pituitary vs. anterior pituitary
o know which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary
o know which hormones are released by the posterior pituitary
Pancreas
o identify organ as pancreas (any power)
o identify structure: pancreatic islets (endocrine tissue)
o know that cells present in islets are responsible for secreting insulin (beta cells) and
o glucagon (alpha cells) (you will not identify alpha from beta cells on slide)
o identify exocrine tissue of organ composed of acinar cells (simple cuboidal epithelium)
Blood
o
o
o
o
o
o
smear
identify platelets
identify red blood cells
identify white blood cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)
identify which cells are categorized as granular, which are agranular
know the major function of each cell (platelet, RBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes,
eosinophils, basophils)
Cardiac muscle cells
o identify cell type as cardiac muscle cell
o identify structure: intercalated discs
o know the characteristics of cardiac muscle cells (striations, intercalated discs, branched structure,
involuntary control)
o Artery, vein or capillary
o distinguish between an artery and a vein on a slide
o identify the tunics (tunica intima, tunica media and tunica externa)of the vessel (from either an
artery or vein)
o know the major differences in structure of an artery vs. vein
o identify a capillary at 40X
o know that a capillary does not have the 3 layers seen in arteries & veins, it has only endothelium
with a basement membrane
Aorta
o
o
o
o
& vena cava
identify aorta and vena cava at 4X or LOX
distinguish the difference between the thick walled elastic artery of the aorta compared to
the thinner walled vena cava (tunica media of vena cava is smaller than aorta)
certain slides are stained for elastin, be able to identify the elastin when present
Thymus
o identify organ as thymus at 4X or 10X
o identify region: cortex (darker) vs, medulla (lighter)
o identify structure: capsule
o know which white blood cell population constitutes the majority of cells in this organ
o know the function of the thymus
Lymph node
o identify organ as lymph node at 4X or 10X
o identify structure: capsule
o identify regions: cortex and medulla
o identify structure: lymphoid follicle of lymph node (1OX or 40X)
o know that follicles will be found in cortex of lymph node
Spleen
o identify organ as spleen at 4X or 10X
o identify structure: capsule
o identify structure: lymphoid follicle
Tonsils
o identify tissue as tonsil at 4X or 10X
o identify structure: lymphoid follicle
Trachea
o identify
o identify
o identify
o identify
o identify
layers of wall of trachea: mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
cells: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of mucosa
structures: cilia
tissues: hyaline cartilage in adventitia
structure: seromucous glands in submucosa
Bronchiole and alveoli
o identify: alveoli (individual “grapes”)
o identify cell: simple squamous epithelium of alveoli
Heart
o
o
o
o
function
identify deflection waves of a ECG
know what is happening electrically during these waves (depolarization & repolarization)
know the mechanical status of the atria and ventricles (systole & diastole) during these waves
know what is responsible for making the 1st & 2nd heart sounds
Blood
o
o
o
o
o
o
Typing
be able to interpret the results of a blood typing assay from a picture
determine the blood type from the results
make recommendations on potential blood donors
know the difference between an antigen and an antibody
know which antibodies are present in a person's serum with either type A, B, AB, O or Rh blood
know which antigens are present on a person's RBCs with either type A, B, AB, O or Rh blood
Wet Tissue: you will not be able to pick up or move the wet tissue during the practical
Heart
o identify position of heart as anterior or posterior
o identify external structures: R & L atria, R & Lventricre, apex, trunk/artery, aorta, brachiocepharic
L common carotid artery, L subcravian artery, auricres, purmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries'
pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, anterior interventricurar artery identify internalstructures:
chordae tendinae, papillary muscle, R & L atria, R & L ventricle, myocardium, interventricular
septum, trabeculae carneae
Aorta with kidney
o identify: arch of aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta
Trachea
o bifurcation of trachea (carina)
o main (primary) bronchi
o tracheal cartilage
o arytenoid cartilage
Lungs
o
o
o
with trachea and heart
trachea
right and left lung
tracheal cartilage
Larynx – Review lab material data sheets
Models: unless otherwise noted, you may touch or pick up models during the practical Refer to
model keys for each svstem
o Endocrine system
o Blood
o Heart
o Blood Vessels
o Lymphatic and lmmune systems
o Respiratory system organs and structure