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Introduction to GIS Mapping and ESRI’s ArcGIS Software
Objectives
In this exercise you are introduced to the ArcMap interface and some of the basic skills necessary to begin
exploring geospatial data and create simple maps. Once you have successfully completed this part of the
tutorial, you should know:
How to open ArcMap and a Map Document (.mxd)
How to examine your spatial data using
ArcCatalog
How to add spatial data to your Map Document
How to add tabular data to a Map Document and
turn it into spatial data
How to join tabular data to geographic boundary
files
How to perform complex Geoprocessing analyses
The difference between Data View and Layout
View
How to alter Map Feature Symbology
How to add essential Map Elements (North Arrow,
Legend, etc…) for effective map creation
How to set relative pathnames to allow you to
move and share your Map Projects
How to export your map to PDF and JPG
Download the Data
The datasets used in this tutorial are available for download on the Map Collection Website. Feel free to
download and use these tutorial materials, as you wish, and to pass them along to interested colleagues.
Go To the Map Collection Homepage (www.library.yale.edu/maps) in your Web Browser.
Under the Quick Links Section on the right, Click on the “Download GIS Workshop Materials” link.
Find the “Data” Link for the ArcGIS 9.3 “Introduction to GIS Mapping and ESRI’s ArcGIS Software” and
Right-Click on the Link.
In Firefox, Select “Save Link As,” in Internet Explorer, Select “Save Target As…”
Depending on your browser and setup, you may be offered a Browse Window, to select the folder into
which you want the downloaded file placed. If so, Browse to a Folder on your hard drive that you have
write permission for. For this tutorial, we will assume that you are using the C:\temp folder of the machine
you are working on.
Clicking on the Create New Folder
Button, Create a New Folder, using your initials as the name of
the folder, so that you end up with a full path something like: C:\temp\your_initials\
Save the Downloaded File to this New Folder.
Unzip the Data
You should now have a file called “ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial.zip” in your new folder. It is now
necessary to decompress, or unzip, the tutorial data for use. Note that in Microsoft Windows XP and Vista,
it is possible to “Explore” a compressed file, as if it were a folder. ArcMap does not support this type of
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browsing, so it is necessary to actually unzip the file for use. This part of the tutorial assumes that you are
using Windows’ built in Compressed File support.
Browse into the Folder where you saved the ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial.zip file.
Right-Click on the File and Select “Extract All…”
Click Next to arrive at the window shown at the right.
Click Next to Extract the File.
Explore the Data in Windows Explorer
Now you will take a look at the data you
have extracted, using Windows Explorer.
This part of the tutorial is designed to
familiarize you with the difference between
how Windows recognized common spatial
dataset filetypes, and how ArcGIS
recognizes them.
Browse into the extracted
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial\D
ata\Shapefile Folder.
You should now see a number of different
files, some of which have the same
filename, but with different extensions
(Windows doesn’t always show file
extensions for known file types, such as dbf, or shp, in some cases).
If necessary, Click on the Name Field Header in the Explorer Window to Sort the files By Name.
What is critical to recognize about the contents of this folder is that all of the files with the same filename are
actually part of a single “shapefile.” The shapefile is ESRI proprietary vector data format. The fact that it is
called a shapefile can cause some confusion, since it is actually a collection of files.
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Explore the Data in ArcCatalog
Now you will take a look at the same
data using the ArcGIS version of
Windows Explorer, which is designed to
interact with these types of spatial data
file types.
Go To Start>Programs>ArcGIS> and
Launch the ArcCatalog program.
Using the “Catalog Tree” Panel, at the
left side of the ArcCatalog application
window, Browse to your
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutoria
l\Data\Shapefile Folder.
Make Sure that the “Contents” Tab at the
top of the “Catalog Display” on the right
side of the ArcCatalog Application
Window is active.
Note the difference in how ArcCatalog and Windows display shapefiles. ArcCatalog ‘knows’ that a shapefile
is actually a collection of files, as so it only shows you a single file, where Windows Explorer showed all of
the files. You should always use ArcCatalog for Moving, Deleting, Copying, etc… any spatial data files, for
this reason. Using ArcCatalog for these tasks prevents critical parts of the spatial data files from being ‘left
out’ and rendered useless.
Click on the “CT_State_Boundary” Layer in the Catalog Tree, on the left.
Click on the Preview Tab, at the top of the Catalog Display, to Preview the Data in this layer.
Click on the Metadata Tab, at the top of the Catalog Display, to View information about this shapefile.
Introduction to the ArcMap Data View
Opening ArcMap & Getting Familiar
1. In the Arccatalog Catalog Tree, Scroll to the bottom
of the Folder Group you are currently browsing and
find the “ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial.mxd”
File. This is the Map Document that we will start the
tutorial with.
Double-Click on the ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial.mxd to Launch Arcmap and Open the Map Document.
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Main
Menu
Data
Layers
Standard
Toolbar
“Tools”
Toolbar
“View”
Toolbar
Table of
Contents
“Data
Frame”
You should now see something like what is shown above. Take a few seconds to familiarize yourself with
the ArcMap interface.
The Main Menu should be familiar to anyone who uses Microsoft Windows software. It is where you
perform basic file and document editing functions.
The Table of Contents is the area where your data layers will be listed and where you can interact with and
alter the properties of individual layers.
The Add Data
Button is located on the “Standard” Toolbar and opens a dialog box that allows new
layers to be added to the Table of Contents and Map Document. It should not be confused with the
Open Document button, which is located on the same toolbar, but is not unique to ArcMap.
The Data Frame is the area where your map data will be displayed.
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The “Tools” Toolbar contains a series of tools that operate on the data displayed in the Map Document
Window.
The View Toolbar changes between the Data
View and Layout View of the Map Document.
Adding Data to ArcMap
2. Click on the Add Data Button
Open the Add Data Browser.
to
3. Browse to the
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutor
ial\Data\Shapefile Folder.
4. Hold down the Ctrl Key and Select the
CTMajorbasins, CTHydrography and
CTBlockgrp Shapefiles.
5. Click Add.
Working in the Table of Contents
Note that, depending on what order you delected the files in the previous
step, some of your data layers may be obscured.
6. Click-And-Drag your Layers in the Table Of
Contents Panel until their order reflects that
shown in the image at the right.
Note that the order of layers in the Table of
Contents Panel determines the order of display in
the Data Frame.
7. Uncheck the CTHydrography Layer to turn
off its visibility.
8. Click on the Color Patch below the
CTMajorbasins Layer, in the Table of
Contents, to Open the Symbol Selector.
9. Change the CTMahorbasins Symbol to
Hollow, with an Outline Color = Blue.
10. Click OK to Apply the change.
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Navigation Tools in ArcMap
11. Select the Zoom Tool
and Drag a box across part of the Map Display.
12. Click on the Previous Extent Button
13. Select the Pan Tool
to return to the previous extent.
and use it to Move your Map Display.
14. Click on the Fixed Zoom Out Button
to Zoom Out of your Map Display.
15. Click on the Full Extent Button
to zoom
to the Full Extent of your data layers.
16. On the Main Menu, go to Bookmarks>Create
and create a Spatial Bookmark called “Full
Extent.”
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Analysis with ArcGIS
In this tutorial, we will be performing what is referred to as “Areal Interpolation” of Census Attributes. We
have a set of boundaries (in this case the Major Watershed Basins of Connecticut, our CTMajorbasins
Layer) for which we would like to summarize the population. Our problem is that these watershed
boundaries do not correspond with the geographic units that the U.S. Census uses to collect and tabulate
demographic data. Some of the Census Block Groups in our CTblkgrp layer overlaps more than one
Watershed basin unit. What we will do in the following steps is calculate the proportion of overlap for each
Census Block Group, relative to the Watershed Boundaries, and use these proportions to assign an
appropriate estimate of the population to each watershed.
Calculating Geometry for a Data Layer
First, we need to determine the area of each of our “intact” Census
Block Groups.
17. Right-Click on the CTblkgrp Layer and Open the Attribute
Table.
18. Take a few seconds to examine the data available in this
dataset. This data describes
the demographic
characteristics of every
Census Block Group in our
area of interest.
19. Click the Options Button at
the Bottom of the Attribute
Table and Select Add Field...
20. Add a Field with Name =
AREA, and Type = Float.
21. Click OK.
22. Scroll to the far right of the
Attribute Table to view the
newly added AREA Field.
23. Right-Click on the Area Field
Header and Select Calculate Geometry… Click
Yes when warned about “Calculating Outside
and Edit Session.”
24. Change the Units to Square Miles US [sq mi].
25. Click OK.
26. Note that the AREA Field should now be
populated with the new values.
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27. Close the Attribute Table
Geoprocessing: Using the Union Tool
Now, we need to merge the Block Group and Watershed boundary files, so that those Block Groups that
span more than one watershed will be split into their sub-units of overlap. To do this, we will use a
technique generically referred to as “Geoprocessing.” Geoprocessing is the act of applying any number of
spatially transforming tools to a dataset. In this case, we will use the Union
Tool to create a new dataset.
28. Open the ArcToolbox using the ArcToolbox Button
Standard Toolbar.
on the
29. Click on the Search Tab, at the bottom of the ArcToolbox Panel.
30. Enter “union” as your search term and click Search.
31. Double-Click on the Union Tool, from the Analysis Tools Toolbox.
32. Select the CTMajorbasins and CTblkgrp Layers as the Input
Features.
33. Click on the Show Help>> Buton at the bottom of the Dialog Box and
note that the Help System is
Context-Sensistive.
34. Save the Output Feature Class
to your
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductor
y_Tutorial\Data\Shapefile\
Folder as Union.shp
35. Leave the remaining options at
their default settings.
36. Click OK to Apply the Union
Tool.
37. Click Close once the process
has completed.
38. You should be left with a new Union Layer, at the top of your Table of Contents.
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Calculating the New Area of the Union Results
Now we need to calculate the NEW AREA of those Block Groups
that were split by the Union Process and then the proportion of their
original AREA.
39. Right-Click on the Union Layer and Open the Attribute Table.
40. Click on the Options Button and Select Add Field…
41. Add a new field: Name = SUBAREA, Type = Float. Click OK.
42. Click on the Options Button and Select Add Field…
43. Add a new field: Name = WEIGHT, Type = Float. Click OK.
44. Click on the Options Button and Select Add Field…
45. Add a new field: Name = WTPOP, Type = Short Integer. Click OK.
46. Scroll to the right of the Attribute Table to find the
newly added SUBAREA Field.
47. Right-Click on the SUBAREA field header and
Select Calculate Geometry…
48. Change the Units to Square Miles US [sq mi].
49. Click OK to apply the calculation.
Now we will calculate the proportion, which will be used as
a weight to apply to the demographics we are interested in.
First, we must exclude those polygons that have an
AREA=’0’ (these are coastal “slivers” and are not important
to the results of our analysis).
50. Click on the Options Button and Select Select by
Attributes…
51. In the Query Argument anel, at the bottom of the
Select by Attributes Dialog Box, enter the query:
"AREA" <>0
52.
53. This will select only those records that do not have an AREA = 0.
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54. Click on the Verify Button to check your SQL
Query Syntax.
55. Click Apply.
56. Click Close.
57. Right-Click on the WEIGHT field header and
Select Field Calculator…
58. Use the Field Calculator to build the following
argument:
[SUBAREA] / [AREA]
59. Click OK to apply the calculation and note
that, because you have an active select, the
calculation is only applied to the selected
subset of records, thus avoiding a “divide by
0 error.
60. Finally, Scroll to the far right of the Attribute
Table, Right-Click on the WTPOP field
header and select Field Calculator…
61. Use the Field Calculator to build the following
argument:
[POP2004] * [WEIGHT]
62. Click OK to apply the Calculation.
63. Save
your work.
Summary Statistics
Now that we have a set of
Census Boundary files that
correspond to the watershed,
and estimates of the population
of those new boundary units, we
need to summarize those
population estimates for each of
our watershed units.
64. On the Attribute Table
Click the Options Button
and select Clear
Selection.
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65. Return to the ArcToolbox Search Tab, enter “summary” as the search term and click Search.
66. Double-Click on the Summary Statistics
Tool.
67. Select the Union Layer as the Input
Table.
68. Browse to the
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutor
ial\Data\Tables\ Folder and save the
Output Table as
Population_Summary.dbf
69. Select WTPOP as the Statistics Field,
and select SUM as the Statistic Type.
70. Select MAJOR as the Case field.
71. Click OK.
72. Click Close when the tool completes.
73. Click on the Source Tab, at the Bottom of the
Table of Contents.
74. Right-Click on the Population _Summary
Table and Open it to observe the population
counts for the watersheds.
75. Close Attribute Table.
76. Save
your work.
Joining the Summary Statistics Table to the
Watershed Boundary File
77. Right-Click on the CTMajorbasins Layer and
Select Joins and Relates>Join…
78. Set the Options as shown in the image to the
right:
79. Click OK.
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80. Right-Click the CTMajorbasins Layer and open
its attribute table. Note that the population
counts have now been joined to the boundary
file.
Displaying XY Data from a Table
81. Click on the Add Data Button
and Browse
to the
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial\Data\
Tables Folder and Select
EPA_Discharges_to_Water.dbf.
82. Click Add.
83. In the Table of Contents, Right-Click on the
EPA_Discharges_to_Water Table and Open it.
84. Note that the dataset contains Latitude and
Longitude coordinates. You will use these fields to
display the data in your map. Close the Attribute
Table.
85. Right-Click on the EPA_Discharges_to_Water
Table and Select Display XY Data…
86. Set the X Field = HUD_D_EP_6 and the Y Field =
HUD_D_EP_5.
87. Click on the Edit Button to Assign a coordinate
system.
88. Click Select…
89. Browse to Geographic
Coordinate Systems>North
America> North American
Datum 1983.prj
90. Click Add
91. Click OK.
92. You should now see the
points displayed in your Map
Document.
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Counting Incidents Using “Spatial Join”
93. Right-Click on the CTMajorbasins Layer
and Select Joins and Relates>Joins…
94. Change the First Drop-down to “Join Data
from another layer based on spatial
location.”
95. Leave the default settings.
96. Browse to the
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial\
Data\Shapefile Folder and save the Output
Shapefile as
CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_Count.shp
. Click Save.
97. Click OK.
98. Right-Click and open the Attribute Table of
the resulting
CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_Count
Layer to note that a new “Count” Layer has
been added, with the number o discharge
site per watershed unit.
99. Save
your work.
Creating a Map Layout
Applying Symbology to your map
1. If it is not already, return your Table of Contents to the Display Tab.
2. Uncheck all but the CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_Count, EPA_Discharges_to_Water_Events and
CT_State_Boundary Layers.
3. Click-and-Drag the EPA_Discharges_to_Water_Events Layer to the top of the Table of Contents.
4. Click-and-Drag the CT_State_Boundary Layer between the EPA_Discahrges_to_Water_Events
Layer and the CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_Count Layers.
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5. Click on the Color Patch for the
CT_State_Boundary Layer to open the
Symbol Selector.
6. Set the Fill Color = ‘No Color’ and the Outline
Color = Black. Click OK.
7. Click on the Point Symbol for the
EPA_Discharge_to_Water_Events Layer to
open the Symbol Selector.
8. Set the Color = Green. Click OK.
Applying Symbology based on
Attribute Values
9. Right-Click on the
CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_C
ount Layer and Open the
Properties.
10. Click on the Symbology Tab.
11. Under the Show: Panel, select
Quantities.
12. Set the Value Field =
SUM_WTPOP and the
Normalization = AREA_SQMI.
13. Select an appropriate Color Ramp.
14. Click OK.
Adding a Network Service for Background Imagery
15. On the Main Menu, go to File>Add Date from
Resource Center.
16. Click on the World Shaded Relief Item in the
resulting webpage.
17. Wait for ArcMap to load the Layer.
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18. Click Close when warned about the differing
coordinate system.
19. Drag the resulting layer to the bottom of the Table
of Contents, if necessary.
20. Save
your work.
21. Switch to Layout View by Clicking on the Layout View Button
left corner of the Data Frame.
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22. Note that you should now see that the Layout Toolbar is enabled.
Note that you are now presented with the Layout Toolbar. This toolbar is only available in Layout View.
Some of the Tools on this toolbar work in a way that is similar to the Tools Toolbar, but with one critical
difference… these tools act on “the page” rather than the data.
1. Click on the Layout Zoom Tool and
Drag a Box across the top half of the
Layout Display.
2. Click on the Page Extent Button to
Return to the Full View of the page.
Layout
Zoom
Page
Extent
Layout
Pan
Note that these tools did not change the scale
or extent of the data.
Adding Map Elements
Adding a Title
Map Title
1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Title. A Highlighted Text Box will be inserted into the Map
Layout.
2. Double-Click on the Text Box to Open its Properties.
3. Change the Text to “Population in Connecticut
Watersheds” using carriage returns to Insert line
breaks.
4. Click the Cange Symbol Button and Change the text to
Bold.
5. Click OK.
6. Click OK, again.
7. Use the Select Elements
Tool to Move the Map
Title to an appropriate position.
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North Arrow
1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>North Arrow.
2. In the North Arrow Selector, Select the first North
Arrow in the list.
3. Click Ok.
A highlighted North Arrow will be inserted into your Map
Layout (probably at the worst possible place).
4. Use the Select Elements
Tool to Move the
North Arrow to a more appropriate part of the
map.
5. If necessary, or desired, you can Use the Blue
‘Resize Handles’ to Change the Dimensions of
the North Arrow.
Since the North Arrow is an Object, you can Access its
Properties by Right-Clicking and Selecting Properties.
Scale Bar
1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Scale Bar.
2. In the Scale Bar Selector, Select the first Scale
Bar in the list.
3. Click OK.
A highlighted Scale Bar will be inserted
into your Map Layout (probably at the
worst possible place).
4. Use the Select Elements
Tool to move the Scale Bar to
the lower left corner of the map
layout.
5. Right-Click on the Scalebar and
Open the Properties Dialog.
6. Change the Division Units to
Miles.
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7. Click Ok to Apply the Changes.
Adding a Legend
1. Select the Pan Tool
from the Tools Toolbar (NOT
the Layout Toolbar) and use it to move the extent of your
Map Layout up slightly to provide room at the bottom of
the layout for your legend.
2. On the Main Menu go to Insert>Legend to begin the
Legend Wizard.
3. Highlight the World Shaded Relief Layer in the Legend
Items Panel (on the right) and use the “Less Than”
Button
to remove it from the Legend..
4. Click Next twice.
5. Select a 4pt Frame.
6. Select a White Background.
7. Click Next.
8. Change the Area Patch for the
CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_Count to the
Water Body shape.
9. Click Next.
10. Accept the default settings for the final window
and Click Finish.
11. Using the Select Elements
Tool, Move the
Legend to the lower right corner of the map layout.
12. In the Table Of Contents Panel, Click once on the
CTMajorbasins_with_Discharge_Count Layer
Name, Wait, then Click Again to Highlight the
Text.
13. Change the Name of the layer to Connecticut Major
Basins.
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14. Highlight the SUM_WTPOP / AREA_SQMI Text beneath the Layer Name and Change it to
‘Population / SQMI’
15. In the Table Of Contents Panel, Click once on the EPA_Discharges_to_Water Events Layer Name,
Wait, then Click Again to Highlight the Text.
16. Change the Layer Name to “EPA Discharge to Water Sites”
17. In the Table Of Contents Panel, Click once on the CT_State_Boundary Layer Name, Wait, then
Click Again to Highlight the Text.
18. Change the Layer Name to “State Boundary”
19. Use the Resize Handles to adjust the Legend size, if necessary.
Creating a Neatline
Finally, we will insert a neatline around all of the Map Elements as a way to ‘finish’ the map, but also to
control the clipping that will occur when we export to JPEG.
1. On the Main Menu, Go To Insert>Neatline to Open
the Neatline Wizard.
2. Select a 4pt Border.
3. Select a ‘Hollow’ Background.
4. Make Sure that the “Place Around All Elements”
Radio Button is Checked.
5. Click Ok.
Other Essential Map Elements
Other elements are warranted when creating a map and have been neglected here only for expedience.
These elements are primarily textual, and can be included using a procedure similar to that used to insert
the Map Title.

Date the map was made

Author of the map

Who the map was made for

Projection / Coordinate System information

Data Source(s)
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
Descriptive Text (if necessary)

Location (in the title, or using an inset map)
Sharing Your Map
At this point, you might like to export your map to an image that you can use in PowerPoint or a Word
Document. Or, you might want to save the map in a format that you can send to colleagues to view or print.
Here you will learn to export your map.
Exporting to JPEG
1. Save your work by Clicking the Save
Button.
2. On the Main Menu, Go To File>Export
Map.
3. Browse to the
C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial
Folder.
4. Change the Save as Type: Drop-Down to
Portable Network Graphic (*.png).
5. Set the Resolution to 200 dpi.
6. Check the box to Clip Output to Graphic
Extent.
7. Click on the Format Tab, under Options.
8. Make sure that the Color Mode is set to
24-bit True Color.
9. Click Save.
10. Browse to the C:\temp C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial Folder and double-click on the
ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial.png to Open it.
Exporting to PDF
1. On the Main Menu, Go To File>Export Map.
2. Do Not Check the Clip to Graphics Extent box.
3. Change the Save as Type Drop-Down to PDF (*.pdf).
4. Click Save.
The Yale Map Collection
At Sterling Memorial Library
130 Wall Street, Room 707
Stacey Maples – GIS Assistant
203-432-8269 / stacey.maples@yale.edu
www.library.yale.edu/maps
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5. Browse to the C:\temp\ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial Folder and double-click on the
ArcGIS_93_Introductory_Tutorial.pdf to Open it.
The Yale Map Collection
At Sterling Memorial Library
130 Wall Street, Room 707
Stacey Maples – GIS Assistant
203-432-8269 / stacey.maples@yale.edu
www.library.yale.edu/maps
533577660
Page 22 of 23
Setting Relative Pathnames & Making ArcMap Projects
Portable
By setting “Relative Pathnames” in File>Map Properties>Data
Source Options, you can move your ArcMap Project Folder as
a single unit, preserving the location of your data files relative
to your MXD document, without breaking the internal links to
the datasets. You can also Zip the folder and send it through
the email to colleagues.
1. On the Main Menu, Go To File>Document
Properties.
2. Click on the Data Source Options Button.
3. Set the Option to “Store relative path names to data
sources.”
4. Check the “Make relative paths the default for new
map documents I create” Checkbox, if it is not
already.
5. Click Ok.
6. Click Ok.
You can now move your project by copying or
zipping the C:\temp\your_initials\01Introduction to ArcGIS\ Folder, in its entirety,
without having the problem of broken links that
we experienced at the beginning of the tutorial.
ArcCatalog & Project Management

Create a main Project Folder for your GIS analysis project. Under this main folder, create a Data
folder, under which you should create a series of subfolders for each type of data you are using, or
creating in your project (shapefile, raster, image, tables, etc…). For complex projects, you may even
find it helpful to create further divisions (original, working, final, etc…) within each of your data
subfolders to contain the multiple versions of data files that can accumulate during the course of a
GIS project.

MXD Map Documents are very small! You can save many versions of a project by saving multiple
Map Documents. This allows you to save several layout versions of the same data without using a
great deal of disk space.

ArcMap supports long filenames for MXD Document, table and shapefile names. Use this to your
advantage by giving these files very specifically descriptive names. Coverage and raster filenames
The Yale Map Collection
At Sterling Memorial Library
130 Wall Street, Room 707
Stacey Maples – GIS Assistant
203-432-8269 / stacey.maples@yale.edu
www.library.yale.edu/maps
533577660
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are limited to 13 characters.

Congratulations! You are now ready to explore ArcMap on your own! If you are interested in
additional training materials, or just need help with a specific GIS related issue, feel free to contact us
at the Yale Map Collection!
The Yale Map Collection
At Sterling Memorial Library
130 Wall Street, Room 707
Stacey Maples – GIS Assistant
203-432-8269 / stacey.maples@yale.edu
www.library.yale.edu/maps