CSES 420V/504V
Bioenergy Topics
Comparing CI Engine Performance, Efficiency, and NOX Emissions when Fueled with D2
and B20
Objectives: After completion of this lab activity, you should be able to compare the
performance characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with No. 2
petroleum diesel and a B20 biodiesel blend. Specific comparisons should include:
 power-torque curves
 % torque rise
 fuel efficiency
o pto specific fuel consumption (lb/hph)
o pto thermal efficiency (%)
 Specific NOX emissions
Safety:
Tractors can be dangerous! To reduce the possibility of injury during this lab:
1. Observe each dynamometer test from the rear of the dynamometer. DO NOT
stand:
a. Between the tractor and dynamometer;
b. In front of the tractor.
c. Anywhere near the pto driveline.
d. To either side of the driveline.
e. Tractor dyno tests can be loud – disposable ear plugs are available if you
would like to use them.
2. Pay close attention to the dynamometer test. Do not talk during the test runs.
3. Check engine oil and coolant and warm up the tractor prior to running
dynamometer tests. Pay attention at all times to avoid overloading the engine.
Record equipment makes, models and descriptions here:
Tractor:
Dynamometer:
Fuel measurement apparatus:
Test #1A and B: Tractor Pto Performance Curves, Fuel Efficiency, and NOX Emissions with D2.
A.
No. 2 Diesel (D2)
In this dyno run, we will set the governor control so the engine turns at its rated “high idle speed” and,
with no dynamometer load, we will record the engine rpm. Next, we will load the engine through the
dynamometer and take readings (pto torque, and horsepower) at 2900 engine rpm and then at each 100 rpm
speed decrement until we reach 1600 engine rpm.
Data Table 1. PTO performance curve when fueled with No. 2 diesel.
Engine speed (rpm)
High idle ___________
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
pto torque (lb-ft)
0
Pto power (hp)
0
Notes:
B.
Fuel consumption and NOX emissions with D2 at peak torque.
The purpose of this test is to determine the fuel consumption, fuel efficiency, and specific NOX emissions
of the tractor operating on No. 2 diesel and loaded to its peak torque output (as determined in Test 1A).
One 5-min test will be run with D2.
Fuel: No. 2 Diesel
Engine
pto
speed
speed
(rpm)
(rpm)
pto
torque
(lb-ft)
Pto
power (hp)
NOX
emissions
(ppm)
Fuel consumption
Beginning wt (lbs): ________
Ending wt (lbs):
________
Fuel used (lbs):
________
Notes:
Time
Start:
Stop:
Duration(min.):
Test #2A and B: Tractor Pto Performance Curves, Fuel Efficiency, and NOX Emissions with B20.
A.
B20
In the this dyno run, we will set the again governor control so the engine turns at its rated “high idle
speed” and, with no dynamometer load, we will record the engine rpm. Next, we will load the engine
through the dynamometer and take readings (pto torque and horsepower) at 2900 engine rpm and then at
each 100 rpm speed decrement until we reach 1600 engine rpm.
Data Table 3. PTO performance curve when fueled with B20.
Engine speed (rpm)
High idle ___________
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
pto torque (lb-ft)
0
Pto power (hp)
0
Notes:
B.
Fuel consumption and NOX emissions with B20 at peak torque.
The purpose of this test is to determine the fuel consumption and fuel efficiency of the tractor operating on
B20 when loaded to its peak torque output (as determined in Test 1A). One 5-min test will be run with B20.
Fuel: B20
Engine
pto
speed
speed
(rpm)
(rpm)
pto
torque
(lb-ft)
Pto
power (hp)
NOX
emissions
(ppm)
Fuel consumption
Beginning wt (lbs): ________
Ending wt (lbs):
________
Fuel used (lbs):
________
Notes:
Time
Start:
Stop:
Duration(min.):
Calculations, Data Analysis and Interpretation:
A. Power and torque curves. Observe as data is entered into the spreadsheet and power and torque curves are
generated for D2 and B20. Sketch both these curves in the space below. Title each curve and label the x-axis
and the y-axes.
B. Fuel efficiency: Calculate and compare the fuel efficiency of the engine operating on D2 and B20, expressed
as:
1. Specific fuel consumption (sfc, in lbs/hph)
a)
D2
b) B20
2. Thermal efficiency (%):
a)
D2
b) B20
C. Specific NOX emissions: Calculate the specific NOX emissions at peak torque for the engine operating on D2
and B20, expressed as ppm/hp.
Manufacturer’s Published Engine Performance Curves
John Deere 3203 Tractor Specifications
Specifications:
MANUFACTURER
John Deere
MODEL
3203
Engine
Manufacturer
Yanmar 3TNV84
Engine HP (kW) - gross
32 (23.9) @ 2800
PTO HP (kW) - Gear transmission
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PTO HP (kW) - Hydrostatic transmission
24 (17.9) @ 2800
Rated engine speed, rpm
2800
Type
Diesel
Operating range
950 (2800)
Aspiration
Natural
Cylinders/Displacement, cu. in. (liters)
3 / 91.5 (1.5)
Cylinder Liners
Cast-in-block
Bore and Stroke, mm (in.)
84x90 (3.3x3.54)
19:01
Lubrication
Pressurized
Cooling System
Water pump
Air Cleaner
Dry-type with safety element
Engine Shutoff
Key switch
Engine Torque @ rated speed, ft./lb. (N/m)
55.6 (75.4)
Fuel Tank Cap., US Gal. (L) (Open; Cab)
11.5 (43.5)
Electrical
Type
12 volt
Battery Size (CCA)
500
Alternator (12 volt, amp)
75 amp
Starter Size, hp (kW)
1.6 (1.2)
Fuel System
Type
Direct injection
Injection Pump Type
In-line with electric shutoff
U.S. gal./hr (L/hr) @ 100% load*
2.1 (7.8)
*Fuel consumption rate should be used for comparison purposes only.
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