Life 2022- Krist
Lecture 9 – Amphibians, Reptiles (including birds), and Production
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is Acanthostega? Which chordates are tetrapods?
What does Amphibia mean? To what does it refer?
Why are frogs and toads so noisy?
What is atrazine? How does it act as an endocrine disruptor on
leopard frogs? What is the range of proportion of deformed
frogs across the United States? Where is the site where the
incidence of deformed male frogs is highest?
5. What key innovation allowed tetrapods to truly invade land?
6. Name and describe all the unique characteristics of amniotic eggs
including the 4 membranes and albumen. Chordates that possess
amniotic eggs (or amnions) are called amniotes, which chordates
are amniotes?
7. List 4 other characteristics of reptiles.
8. Define the following words: endotherm, ectotherm, homeotherm,
and poikilotherm. Be able to identify examples in each
combination (e.g. ectothermic poikilotherm).
9. What is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Net Primary
Productivity (NPP)? Why are these concepts relevant to animals
in ecosystems?
10.
What is Net Secondary Production? Why isn’t everything
that an animal consumes used to make new biomass (in the form
of growth or reproduction)?
11. What is production efficiency? Be able to compute production
efficiencies if I give you the total energy consumed by animal,
the total converted to net secondary production and the amounts
lost to cellular respiration and feces.
12.
Why are production efficiencies higher in ectotherms than
in endotherms?
13.
What are the consequences of production efficiency to the
amount of energy available to consumers (primary, secondary and
tertiary)?
14.
What are the consequences of production efficiency to the
relative biomass of primary producers, primary consumers,
secondary consumers and tertiary consumers?
15.
What does the term “temperature-dependent sex
determination” mean? What reptiles possess this? Based on the
graph in slide 30, at what temperature would you incubate your
eggs in you wanted all males? All females? A mixture?
16.
Which group of reptiles are the most diverse in terms of
size, reproduction, diet, habitat, and habit?
17.
What is Archaeopteryx ? Why do we think that birds are
simply feathered dinosaurs?
18.
What are the characteristics of birds that differentiate
them from other reptiles?
19.
Which of these traits facilitate flight?
20.
What is the primary protein in feathers?
21.
Which is the most diverse Order of birds? Give an example
of a bird in this Order.