CP BIOLOGY
Name: __________________
PROTISTS, FUNGI, PLANTS, & ANMIALS REVIEW
__ period
Use your notes, textbook, and the Animal Kingdom chart worksheet.
1.
List the general characteristics of Protists.
eukaryotes, look like plants, animals, and fungi but they are not
because they are too simple (usually single celled)
includes algae, phytoplankton, amoebas, paramecium, euglena,
and seaweeds
reproduce by simple mitosis (binary fission) or can share genetic
material through conjugation
2.
Complete the following chart on protists.
Group
Animal-like
Characteristics
heterotrophs, single-celled, grouped
based on how they move – flagella,
cilia, psuedopods, use mouth pore or
phagocytosis to eat
Example
amoebas
protozoans
Plant-like
autotrophs – can do photosynthesis,
have chloroplasts and cell wall,
grouped by color of pigments – red,
green, golden
algae,
phytoplankton
Fungus-like
heterotrophs – act as decomposers,
some know to cause diseases in plants
slime molds
3.
Identify the beneficial and harmful effects of protozoa and algae.
beneficial: used in food thickeners, supplements, in salads, soup,
and sushi, produce oxygen, important to marine food chains –
algae and phytoplankton
harmful: cause sickness – malaria, dysentery
4.
List the general characteristics of Fungi.
eukaryotes, heterotrophs, cells have cell walls made of chitin
reproduce by spores, decomposers
multicellular except for yeast
mushrooms, molds, mildew, yeast, lichens
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5.
Explain how fungi can be helpful and how they can be harmful.
helpful: most are saprophytes (decomposers) and break down
dead material, used in foods such as bread, beer, blue cheese,
and mushrooms, used as antiobiotics
harmful: some are parasites and cause disease, ex. athlete’s foot
6.
Explain how a fungus would carry out its life activities by
completing the following chart.
Activity
Movement
Nutrition
Respiration
Reproduction
7.
Processes
don’t move, they are sessile, rooted to the ground
through rhizoids
spores can be blown on wind or float
bodies made of hyphae, hyphae on bottom of fungus
release enzymes that digest food and then absorb it,
eat dead things
fungi absorb oxygen from the soil they live in – most
of the fungus grows below the soil – we only see its
reproductive structures above ground
asexual – hyphae break off and form new fungi,
reproduce using spores – types of fungi classified
based on spore structures – sexual reproduction
Complete the following chart on the different Fungi phyla.
Phylum
Name
Zygomycota
Common
Name
Molds
Unique characteristics
Basidiomycota
Club Fungi
mushrooms, spores located
underneath cap of club structure
Ascomycota
Sac Fungi
often cup or ball shaped – spores
made in sacs, release spores into
atmosphere
only reproduce asexually
Deuteroymcota Imperfect
fungi
meiosis occurs in structures called
zygospores
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8.
List the major characteristics of all members of the plant kingdom.
multicellular, eukaryotes, autotrophs, sessile – don’t move!
use sunlight to produce food – photosynthesis
cells have cell walls made of cellulose
cells contain chlorophyll used in photosynthesis and large vacuoles
to store water
ex. trees, flowers, vegetables, grasses, vines, bushes
9.
List the equation for photosynthesis.
H2O + CO2  C6H12O6 + O2
water and carbon dioxide are converted into glucose (sugars) and
oxygen
10. What are the functions of the following plant structures:
a. roots: underground structures that anchor the plant and
absorb water and nutrients from the soil, keep plant
upright
b. stems: supports plant body and transports nutrients to
different parts of the plants, contains lots of
vascular tissues
c. leaves: principal site of photosynthesis, broad and flat to
maximize photosynthesis, regulate gas exchange
and water loss through pores in the leaves
11. What are the differences between non-vascular and vascular
plants?
Non-vascular plants do not have specialized tissues to conduct
water and nutrients to various parts of the plant. They rely on
osmosis to get water from the ground and can only grow to be a
few centimeters tall. Vascular plants do have such specialized
tissues and can grow many, many meters above the ground.
12. What functions do the following have in vascular plants:
a. xylem:
transports water in plant (often roots to leaves)
b. phloem:
transports food in plant (often leaves to roots)
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13. How do plants reproduce?
plants can reproduce using spores like ferns or by making seeds
(sexual reproduction)
14. What are gymnosperms? What are angiosperms?
Gymnosperms – confers, “naked-seed”, seeds found in cones
Angiosperms – flowering plants, seed is surrounded by a fruit or
comes from flowers
Fruits and cones help disperse the seeds to other locations.
15. What is a tropism?
a response by a plant to an environmental stimulus
16. Identify each of the following tropisms:
a. gravitropism
response of plant to force of gravity, roots grow down while
stems grow upward
b. phototropism
tendency of plants to grow towards a source of light
c. thigmotropism
the response of plants to touch
17. Identify several adaptations found in plants.
cacti have thick waxy skin to prevent water loss and leaves that
are very thick to hold in water through dry periods
carnivorous plants “eat” insects to get extra nutrients that the
soil they grow in lacks
cuticle (waxy layer) of leaves helps prevent loss of moisture
some plants grow on the bodies of other plants – epiphytes
18. Identify several reasons why plants are ecological important.
make oxygen and use CO2 from animals to make their own food,
prevent erosion of soil, base of food chains, used in medicines,
provide materials for animals to make homes, used to make
paper, food!!
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19. What common characteristics do all members of the kingdom
Animalia share?
eukaryotes, heterotrophs, multicellular, cells do not have cell walls
cells do contain centrioles and have small vacuoles
all animals move at some point in their life cycle and all reproduce
sexually
ex. sponges, flatworms, corals, crabs, fish, frogs, insects, sharks,
earthworms, spiders, birds, lizards, dogs, humans
20. Complete the following chart on the different types of symmetry
found in the animal kingdom.
Symmetry
Description
Asymmetrical no front or back ends, no left or right
sides
Example
sponges
Radial
symmetry
body parts extend from center point,
can have any # of imaginary planes
that divide body into equal halves
Bilateral
symmetry
body has distinct anterior and
posterior ends and left and right sides,
only one plane can separate body into
two equal halves
cnidarians –
jellyfish, sea
anemones
echinoderms
worms,
arthopods,
vertebrates
21. Define the following germ layers:
a. endoderm: innermost germ layer, develops into linings of the
digestive tract and much of respiratory system
b. mesoderm: middle layer, gives rise to muscles and much of
circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
c. ectoderm: outermost layer, gives rise to sense organs,
nerves, and outer layer of skin
22. Define and explain cephalization. Which animal phyla do not
exhibit it?
the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior
or front of the body (head)
NONE seen in sponges (porifera), cnidarians, echinoderms
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23. List the phyla of the animal kingdom where
chart.
Coelom Absent
Pseudocoelom
Porifera (sponges)
Nematoda (round
worms)
Cnidarians (hydras,
jellyfish, corals, sea
anemones)
they belong in the
Platyhelminthes
(flatworms)
Arthopoda (insects,
crabs, spiders)
True Coelom
Annelida
(earthworms)
Mollusca (snails,
clams, squids, octopi)
Echinodermata (sea
stars, sand dollars)
All vertebrates
24. What are some of the ways that animals move?
fly, swim, tunnel, dig, walk, jump, slither
25. How do animals reproduce?
all can reproduce sexually, some reproduce asexually through
budding or fragmentation
sexual reproduction involves two parents – male and female
some animals change sex for survival (ex. fish)
some lay eggs (fish, birds, snakes)
others give birth to live young (mammals)
26. What are hermaprodites?
they are animals which have both male and female sex organs and
can produce sperm and eggs
27. What are the two major categories of animals? How are they
different?
invertebrates – do not have backbones
vertebrates – do have backbones (notochords)
BE FAMILIAR WITH THE INVERTEBRATE PHYLAS ON THE
ANIMAL KINGDOM CHART.