COMPARISON OF MOTOR SYSTEMS with examples from NeuroLogic Exam Website:
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/home_exam.html
Normal examination samples are also on the same site.
Lower Motor
Neuron in
Spinal Cord
Upper Motor Neuron in Cortex
Corticospinal Tract
Cerebellum influences
Basal Ganglia influences
Efferent part of
monosynaptic
reflex
Affects muscle
tone by
inhibiting
antagonists
Maintains
muscle fibers
(trophic
factors)
Voluntary willed movement
Rapid coordinated, alternating
skilled movements that are learned
Muscle tone. Inhibition of lower
motor neurons, so there is not too
much muscle tone
Eye-head coordinated movements
Fast saccadic eye movements of
both eyes in the same direction
Facilitates voluntary intentional
movements and inhibits extraneous
movements
procedural learning of automatic
movements such as walking, eating,
running, drinking, dressing
Fine control, espec. finger flexors
Posture and Gait
Normal
Balance, equilibrium, orientation
in space
Timing, duration, and amplitude of
movements
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Select appropriate behavior to execute
based on cognitive, emotional and
executive functions. “Behavior
Switching”
COMPARISON OF MOTOR SYSTEMS with examples from NeuroLogic Exam:
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/home_exam.html
Lower Motor
Neuron
Spinal Cord
Upper Motor Neuron
Corticospinal Tract
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Weakness or
paralysis
Weakness or paralysis; spastic
paralysis
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/gait_ab_08_x2.mov
Hyperreflexia
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/motor_ab_09_x2.mov
No weakness
No weakness
Truncal ataxia,
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_10_
x2.mov
gait ataxia
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_11_
x2.mov
Nystagmus, Dizziness,
http://vimeo.com/7563593
Shuffling or festinating gait, small
steps, hard to turn or start moving
typical of Parkinson’s Disease
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/gait_ab_12_x2.mov
Dysmetria- ataxia of arms
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_02_
x2.mov
Difficulty turning or starting,
hypokinetic = bradykinesia
Turning en bloc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6
XoHBqw8GnI
Paucity of associated movements
Abnormal
Fasciculation
http://library.med.uta
h.edu/neurologicexa
m/movies/motor_ab
_01_x2.mov
Muscle Atrophy
http://library.med.uta
h.edu/neurologicexa
m/movies/cranialner
ve_ab_25_x2.mov
Flaccid paralysis
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Babinski- extensor plantar reflex
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/motor_ab_10_x2.mov
Spasticity
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/motor_ab_02_x2.mov
Decomposition of movement
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_06_
x2.mov
Masked facies, few blinks see at
end of
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/gait_ab_12_x2.mov
Lower Motor
Neuron
Spinal Cord
Upper Motor Neuron
Corticospinal Tract
Cerebellum
Dysynergia
Dysdiadochokinesia- inability
to do rapid alternating
movements
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_05_
x2.mov
Hypotonia- pendular reflexes
Intention tremor
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_02_
x2.mov
Scanning speech
http://library.med.utah.edu/neuro
logicexam/movies/coord_ab_01_
x2.mov
106760454
Basal Ganglia
Chorea, athetosis, hyperkinetic
typical of Huntington’s Disease
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/gait_ab_13_x2.mov
Rigidity (cogwheel), lead-pipe
Resting tremor seen in third video
http://library.med.utah.edu/neurologi
cexam/movies/coord_ab_02_x2.mov
Soft speech