Study Guide for Chapter 36 & 38 Text Exam
-Fifteen years ago, your parents hung a swing from the lower branch of a large tree
growing in your yard. When you go and sit in it today, you realize it is exactly the same
height off the ground as it was when you first sat in it 15 years ago. The reason the swing
is not higher off the ground as the tree has grown is that _?_.
-A unique feature of plants is indeterminate growth. Indeterminate growth is possible
because meristematic cells continually do what?
-When you peel your potatoes for dinner, you are removing the majority of their _?_
tissues.
-You can determine the age of an oak tree by counting the annual rings of _?_ xylem
formed by the _?_ cambium.
-Many vegetables are grown today through hydroponics, where the plant roots exist
primarily in an aqueous solution. Which root structures is no longer beneficial in
hydroponics?
-Root hairs and lateral roots are similar in each respect except in what characteristics /
cellular makeup?
-Plant organs form by cell division in _?_ tissue.
-You have bought a house with a great view of the mountains, but you have a neighbor
who recently planted a bunch of trees which are now blocking your view. In an attempt
to ultimately remove the neighbors’ trees and remain unlinked to the unlawful deed, you
begin training several porcupines to enter the neighbors’ yard under the cover of night
and perform a stealth operation. In order to most effectively kill the problem trees, you
should train the porcupines to completely remove what tissue?
-Meristems act as origins of new tissues in a plant. What is the specific role of a lateral
meristem?
-Why is the Golgi body so important to root cap cells?
-Be able to correctly match the description with the proper term for modified stem forms.
-What is the purpose of having palisade mesophyll near to top of the leaf and having
stomata on the bottom?
-Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all types of cells in the _?_ tissue.
-The slender stalk that connects the flattened leaf blade to the stem in most dicots is the
_?_.
-The tissue layers in the middle of a leaf, between the upper and lower epidermis, are
called the _?_ tissue.
-What is a distinctive characteristic of monocot stems compared to dicot ones?
-Be able to identify cell types common to xylem tissue.
-Be able to recognize cell types not designed for transport.
-Primary growth in plants originates in _?_ meristems.
-_?_ consist(s) of elongated supporting cells with unevenly thickened cells walls, usually
located in strands beneath the epidermis.
-Water is conducted through a plant most rapidly through what type of conductive
structures?
-What is the function of the Casparian strip in the root?
-Annual rings in a tree trunk result from what process?
-Know the definition for compound leaves.
-Be able to identify (by name) the various types of modified stems.
-The most distinctive characteristic of leaf mesophyll cells is that they are filled with _?_.
-A birdhouse is nailed into a tree 6 feet up from the ground. If the tree grows about 2 feet
taller each year, where will the birdhouse be 25 years later in regards to height from the
ground?
-If you examined a cross section of a woody stem under the microscope and located the
vascular cambium, everything inside of the vascular cambium ring (towards the center of
the stem) would be composed of what type of vascular tissue?
-You are eating a stalk of celery. As you bite into the celery, you notice strings hanging
down from the end. These strings are composed of what type of tissues?
-You placed a potato in a sunny window. A few days later you notice that the skin was
turning a greenish tint. This is because of chlorenchyma tissue, which is a special type of
_?_ tissue.
-The pattern of leaf arrangement on a stem is called _?_.
-Water movement from the soil, through the plant and into the atmosphere requires _?_
water potential from soil to plant to atmosphere.
-If you were able to remove the aquaporins from cell membranes, which of the following
would be the likely consequence?
-Know the pathways for apoplast, transmembrane, and symplast and how they coordinate
the movement of water and mineral transport between cells in roots.
-What would be the consequence of removing the Casparian strip?
-The movement of water in the xylem relies on what two properties / activities?
-The phrase “blowing water up through a drinking straw” is most like what water
movement in plants?
-What is the most significant problem faced by most plants during flooding?
-The Casparian strip is a hydrophobic barrier that allows discrimination of which
particles may pass through the _?_.
-What structure on pneumatophores (a modified root) allows mangrove plants to survive
in flooded regions?
-The process by which water is "pulled" up through the xylem columns of plants and
evaporated out of the leaves is called _?_.
-The most important ion in controlling the movement of water into and out of the guard
cells is _?_.
-Some plants are able to endure frequent flooding events because they contain a tissue
with loose parenchyma cells and large air spaces called _?_.
-Even in the absence of transpiration, some water can move into the roots and partially up
the xylem columns. This phenomenon is due to _?_ _?_.
-Turgor is most directly related to the plant cells’ _?_ potential.
-Most of the water that evaporates from leaves passes out through the _?_.
-Most of the water absorbed by the plant enters through the _?_ _?_.
-Cavitation can occur when what happens?
-Pure water without applied pressure has a water potential that is equal to _?_ MPa.
-Water molecules can "stick" to other water molecules by _?_.