FLASHCARD PRINTOUTS
ART
Num
Type
Question
Answer
Source
1
Terms
This academic discipline examines the social, cultural,
and economic contexts in which an artwork was
created.
art history
6,1,1
2
Terms
This branch of philosophy considers the nature and
expression of beauty.
aesthetics
6,1,1
3
Terms
This discipline evaluates current art and explains it
to the public.
art criticism
6,1,1
4
Terms
This term describes paintings, prints, drawings,
sculptures, and architecture produced for an
audience’s appreciation.
fine art
6,1,3
5
Terms
This mode of analysis focuses on the visual qualities
of a work of art.
formal analysis
6,2,2
6
Terms
This mode of analysis looks outside of a work of art
to determine its meaning.
contextual analysis
7,1,1
7
Timeline
Art history arose as an academic discipline during
the middle of this century.
the 18th century
7,2,3
8
People
This ancient Roman historian analyzed historical and
contemporary art in his text Natural History.
Pliny the Elder
7,2,3
9
People
This Renaissance author and artist wrote a
compilation of biographies of Italian artists.
Giorgio Vasari
7,2,3
10
Timeline
This 18th century philosophy strongly influenced
modern art history.
the Enlightenment
7,2,4
11
People
This German scholar emphasized the study of
stylistic development in its historical context.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
7,2,4
12
Places
This French cave’s animal paintings date from c.
30,000 B.C.E.
Chauvet Cave
9,1,1
13
Timeline
The Chauvet Cave paintings were produced during
this prehistoric period.
Old Stone Age (Upper Paleolithic
Period)
9,1,1
14
Artworks
This small stone figure from the Old Stone Age
exhibits exaggerated female features.
Venus of Willendorf
9,2,1
15
Timeline
This period marked a shift from cave paintings to
rock shelter paintings.
Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic
Period)
10,1,1
16
Timeline
Large stone formations in Western Europe from as
early as 4000 B.C.E. distinguish this period.
New Stone Age (Neolithic Period)
10,1,2
17
Terms
This name, meaning ‘great stones’, describes the
large rock arrangements of the Neolithic Period.
megaliths
10,1,2
18
Structures
This rock formation in Wiltshire, England features
concentric rings of sarsen and “bluestones.”
Stonehenge
10,1,2
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Places
The civilizations of this Tigris-Euphrates river valley
developed writing and arts in parallel with Egypt.
Mesopotamia
10,2,2
20
Terms
The Sumerians built these stepped pyramids in their
city centers.
ziggurats
10,2,3
21
People
This ruler came to power in Sumer around 2334
B.C.E.
Sargon of Akkad
10,2,3
22
Timeline
This Mesopotamian dynasty’s art emphasized the
monarchy, depicting its rulers in sculptures.
the Akkadian dynasty
10,2,3
23
Civilizations
This people overthrew Akkadian rule around 2150
B.C.E.
the Guti
10,2,3
24
People
This Neo-Sumerian ruler took control when the
Sumerians regained power around 2100 B.C.E.
King of Ur
10,2,3
25
Civilizations
This Mesopotamian civilization succeeded the
Sumerians and the Akkadians.
the Babylonians
10,2,4
26
People
This king unified Mesopotamia around 1792 B.C.E.
Hammurabi
10,2,4
27
Artworks
A stone stele carving of this code of law is preserved
in the Louvre Museum.
the Code of Hammurabi
10,2,4
28
Civilizations
This people dominated northern Mesopotamia from
about 900 to 600 B.C.E.
the Assyrians
11,1,1
29
Structures
This Neo-Babylonian temple gateway portrays animal
figures superimposed on a walled surface.
the Ishtar Gate
11,1,2
30
Structures
This place reflects Egyptian architecture’s influence
on the Persian Empire.
the palace at Persepolis
11,2,1
31
Civilizations
Works from this ancient civilization include the
Sphinx and the great pyramids at Giza.
the Egyptians
11,2,2
32
Styles And
Genres
This style of art determines the relative sizes of
figures or objects in an artwork according to their
status.
hierarchical scale
12,1,1
33
Artworks
Possibly used for mixing cosmetics, this ancient
Egyptian slab exemplifies hierarchical scale.
the Palette of King Narmer
12,1,1
34
People
This Egyptian boy king’s tomb remained almost
intact until 1922.
Tutankhamen
12,2,1
35
Places
This African kingdom once ruled ancient Egypt.
Nubia
12,2,2
36
Civilizations
This early Aegean island culture produced nude
female figures, pottery, and marble bowls and jars.
Cycladic culture
12,2,3
37
Civilizations
This Aegean island culture used a naturalistic
pictorial style in its art.
Minoan culture
13,1,1
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People
Minoans believed this half-man, half-bull creature
devoured those who entered his maze.
the Minotaur
13,1,1
39
Civilizations
This last Aegean island culture showed mastery in
goldsmithing and relief sculpture.
Mycenaean culture
13,1,2
40
Styles And
Genres
Greek temples from the Archaic Period use columns
in these two decorative styles.
Doric and Ionic
13,2,1
41
Styles And
Genres
This style of Greek vase painting set figures against a
floral, ornamented background.
Corinthian
13,2,1
42
Places
This city-state produced the best-known ancient
Greek art during the Classical Period.
Athens
13,2,2
43
Timeline
Greek sculptures from this period focused on the
moment either before or after an important action.
Early Classical Period
13,2,2
44
Styles And
Genres
This pose in Greek statuary was invented to show
the body to its best advantage.
contrapposto
14,1,1
45
Structures
The columns in this Greek temple exemplified
principal features of Western architecture.
the Parthenon
14,1,2
46
Timeline
Athens’s defeat in this war caused a decline in
architecture during the Late Classical Period.
the Peloponnesian War
14,1,3
47
Timeline
This period of ancient Greek art blended Greek styles
with those of Asia.
the Hellenistic Period
14,1,3
48
Civilizations
This civilization’s art marks the transition from
Greek ideals to Roman pragmatic concerns.
the Etruscans
14,2,1
49
Civilizations
This civilization was initially influenced by Etruscan
art but later adopted a Greek style.
the Romans
15,1,1
50
Materials
The Romans discovered this material that improved
stone walls by binding rocks and rubble.
concrete
15,1,1
51
Structures
The Romans pioneered this architectural design in
their bridges and aqueducts.
the curved arch
15,1,1
52
Structures
The construction of this system strengthened
communication and control within the Roman
Empire.
the paved road system
15,1,1
53
Structures
These two buildings are the major examples of the
Romans’ engineering prowess.
the Colosseum and the Parthenon
15,1,1
54
Terms
This type of sculpture that often depicted narratives
decorated Roman arches, tombs, and sarcophagi.
relief sculpture
15,1,2
55
Places
The Roman Empire continued to thrive in this
Eastern city while disintegrating in Western Europe.
Byzantium
15,1,3
56
Terms
This art form involved setting small ceramic tiles,
stones, or glass into a ground material.
mosaic
15,1,3
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Structures
This still-extant Byzantine church displays mosaic
murals on its walls.
the Hagia Sophia
15,1,3
58
Texts
These two books were among the many medieval
manuscripts that facilitated the exchange of artistic
ideas.
the Book of Kells and the
15,2,1
Coronation Gospels
59
Civilizations
These early medieval nomads often made jewelry or
ornaments in their metalwork.
Germanic peoples
15,2,2
60
Civilizations
These seafaring Scandinavians carved artistic designs
and sculptures on their wooden ships.
the Vikings
15,2,2
61
Terms
This artistic style merges the Vikings’ styles with
those of the English and Irish.
Hiberno-Saxon
15,2,2
62
Styles And
Genres
This style of medieval churches used a Roman arch
and stone vaulting.
Romanesque
16,1,1
63
Artworks
This church in Toulouse, France, exemplifies the
Romanesque style.
Saint-Sernin
16,1,1
64
Structures
This tunnel of arches distinguishes Romanesque
churches.
a barrel vault
16,1,1
65
Structures
This arch-shaped structure is used in churches as a
ceiling or as a roof support.
a vault
16,1,1
66
Styles And
Genres
This architectural style uses pointed arches to give
an upward, soaring sense to church interiors.
Gothic
16,1,2
67
Structures
This framework of thin stone ribs distinguishes the
Gothic style.
ribbed vaults
16,1,2
68
Structures
Gothic architects developed these bracing arches to
counteract the pressure of the barrel vault.
flying buttresses
16,1,2
69
Structures
This French Gothic cathedral uses tall arches and
stained-glass windows.
the Chartres Cathedral
16,1,2
70
People
This Florentine artist’s frescoes marked the transition
from Gothic to Renaissance artistic styles.
Giotto di Bondone
16,1,3
71
Objects
The development of this form of currency helped to
bring about the Renaissance.
paper money
16,2,1
72
Groups
This wealthy family was one of the major patrons of
the arts during the Renaissance.
the Medici family
16,2,1
73
Terms
This term used for painters and sculptors denoted
that they worked with their hands.
artisans
17,1,1
74
Timeline
Great artists first came to be recognized as
intellectual figures during this period.
the Renaissance
17,1,1
75
People
This artist designed the doors for Florence’s new
baptistery with figures reminiscent of classical
Greece.
Lorenzo Ghiberti
17,1,2
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Structures
Michelangelo gave this name to the cathedral doors
that took Ghiberti 25 years to complete.
the “Gates of Paradise”
17,1,2
77
People
This Renaissance architect used a double-shelled
dome design for the Florence cathedral.
Filippo Bruneleschi
17,1,3
78
Terms
Brunelleschi developed this perspective in painting.
linear (single vanishing point)
perspective
17,1,3
79
People
This Renaissance painter used both linear and aerial
perspective in his frescoes.
Masaccio
17,1,3
80
People
This Renaissance artist is widely considered the
founder of modern sculpture.
Donatello
17,1,4
81
Artworks
This bronze statue by Donatello was the first known
freestanding nude cast since antiquity.
David
17,1,4
82
People
This Renaissance artist’s portrayal of Venus
established a new and enduring image of female
beauty.
Botticelli
17,2,1
83
Artworks
This Renaissance painting was one of the first
portrayals of a full-length nude female since
antiquity.
The Birth of Venus
17,2,1
84
Terms
This title denotes an artist who excels in a wide
range of fields.
“Renaissance Man”
17,2,2
85
People
This Renaissance inventor is also recognized as an
architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, scientist, and
musician.
Leonardo da Vinci
17,2,2
86
Artworks
This famous painting demonstrates Leonardo da
Vinci’s use of sfumato.
Mona Lisa
17,2,2
87
Styles And
Genres
This painting style developed by da Vinci involves
using mellowed colors and a blurred outline.
sfumato
17,2,2
88
People
This Florentine artist sculpted a piece of cracked
marble into David, a larger-than-life-sized statue.
Michelangelo di Buonarotti
17,2,3
89
Artworks
This High Renaissance marble statue’s carving,
texture, and pose embodied Florence’s republic spirit.
David
17,2,3
90
People
One of Michelangelo’s greatest disappointments was
the cancellation of his work on this Pope’s tomb.
Julius II
17,2,4
91
Structures
It took Michelangelo four years to cover the ceiling
of this chapel with his famous fresco.
the Sistine Chapel
17,2,4
92
People
This High Renaissance painter employed many
assistants to help paint frescoes in the Pope’s
chambers.
Raphael Sanzio
18,1,1
93
Artworks
This Raphael fresco paid homage to the great Greek
philosophers and scientists.
School of Athens
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Artworks
The Virgin Mary’s portrayal in this Raphael painting
influenced many religious paintings thereafter.
Sistine Madonna
18,1,1
95
Places
These three cities were the centers of artistic
creativity during the Renaissance.
Rome, Florence, and Venice
18,2,1
96
People
This Venetian artist introduced new kinds of subject
matter in his landscapes.
Giorgione
18,2,1
97
Artworks
This Giorgione painting depicts its figures as less
important than the menacing storm.
The Tempest
18,2,1
98
People
This prolific Venetian artist is known for his
portraiture.
Titian Vecelli
18,2,2
99
People
This Venetian painter linked with Mannerism
presented his figures from dramatic angles.
Tintoretto
18,2,3
100
Styles And
Genres
This artistic style involves distorting elements like
perspective or scale and using acidic colors.
Mannerism
18,2,3
101
Styles And
Genres
This artistic technique uses dramatic contrasts of
light and dark to heighten a subject’s emotional
impact.
chiaroscuro
18,2,3
102
Timeline
This 16th century Protestant movement sought to
purify the opulent and corrupt Catholic Church.
the Reformation
18,2,4
103
Timeline
This reaction to the Reformation emphasized lavish
church decoration and highly dramatic art.
the Counter Reformation
18,2,4
104
People
This artist also known as El Greco captured the
religious fervor of the Counter Reformation.
Dominikos Theotokopoulos
18,2,4
105
Tools
Northern European artists of the 15th century used
this paint, producing great realistic detail.
oil paint
19,2,1
106
Objects
This form of art reproduction spread the ideas and
styles of the Renaissance throughout Europe.
engravings
19,2,1
107
People
Trade between these northern Europeans and
Venetians spread the Renaissance’s influence.
German merchants
19,2,1
108
People
This German painter is known for his religious
scenes and his depiction of Christ’s crucifixion.
Matthias Grünewald
20,1,2
109
Artworks
This Grünewald work consists of nine panels
mounted on two sets of folding wings.
the Isenheim Altarpiece
20,1,2
110
People
This German Reformist artist initially drew on
Gothic influences, but his later works reflected
Renaissance ideals.
Albrecht Dürer
20,2,1
111
Artworks
This Dürer woodcut of a scene from the Book of
Revelation combines natural detail with theoretical
The Four Horsemen of the
Apocalypse
20,2,1
ideas.
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People
This German-born Renaissance artist is best known
for his English portraiture.
Hans Holbein the Younger
21,1,1
113
People
Holbein’s portrait of this king demonstrated his
ability to depict subjects’ psychological characters.
Henry VIII
21,1,1
114
Timeline
A greater sense of movement and energy
distinguishes this period’s artwork from that of the
Renaissance.
the Baroque period
21,1,2
115
People
This Roman Catholic order was known for its efforts
to convert others to its religion.
the Jesuits
21,1,1
116
People
This empress ruled Austria-Hungary in the 18th
century.
Maria Theresa
21,1,2
117
People
This Enlightenment author criticized the disparity
between the wealthy minority and the impoverished
majority.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
21,1,2
118
People
This Italian Baroque painter was renowned for his
use of chiaroscuro.
Caravaggio
21,2,1
119
Styles And
Genres
This style developed from Caravaggio’s work makes
use of dark and light extremes.
caravaggesque
21,2,1
120
People
Caravaggio deviated from tradition by portraying this
female subject as poor and simple.
the Virgin Mary
21,2,1
121
People
This female Baroque artist is known for her
adaptation of Caravaggio’s techniques.
Artemisia Gentileschi
21,2,2
122
People
The works of this Baroque artist reflect the influence
of his theatrical background.
Gianlorenzo Bernini
21,2,3
123
Artworks
This Bernini masterpiece uses a concealed stainedglass window to bathe a sculpture in gold lighting.
the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
21,2,3
124
Materials
Bernini skillfully sculpted this material to look like
real fabric and even clouds.
marble
21,2,3
125
People
This Flemish artist established a workshop and
produced Baroque works of great energy and color.
Peter Paul Rubens
21,2,4
126
People
This Dutch artist’s group portraits broke tradition by
focusing on some subjects more than on others.
Rembrandt van Rijn
21,2,4
127
Artworks
This group portrait is Rembrandt’s best-known work.
The Night Watch
21,2,4
128
People
This opulent and powerful “sun king” united France
during the 17th century.
Louis XIV
22,1,1
129
Places
This city contains Louis XIV’s lavish palace that
occupies about 200 acres.
Versailles
22,1,1
130
Structures
Louis XIV’s orange trees grew in this grand
greenhouse.
the orangerie
22,1,1
131
Institutions
This annual exhibition established during Louis XIV’s
reign established rules for judging art.
the Salon
22,2,1
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Institutions
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This academy established during Louis XIV’s reign
imposed aesthetic standards and principles of taste.
the Académie Royale de Peinture
22,2,1
et de Sculpture
133
People
This Spanish king’s court tried to emulate that of
Louis XIV.
Philip IV
23,1,1
134
People
This Spanish court painter constructed figures from
patches of color rather than from a drawing.
Diego Velázquez
23,1,1
135
Styles And
Genres
This artistic style celebrated gaiety, romance, and
frivolity.
Rococo
23,1,2
136
People
This Rococo master established a new painting genre
called the fête galante.
Jean-Antoine Watteau
23,1,3
137
Styles And
Genres
This genre’s paintings depicted nobility in
contemporary dress at leisure in the countryside.
fête galante
23,1,3
138
People
This Rococo painter often transformed the characters
of classical myth into scenes of courtly gallantry.
François Boucher
23,1,3
139
People
This mistress of Louis XV’s was painted by Francois
Boucher.
Madame Pompadour
23,1,3
140
People
This artist’s works reflected the influence of his
contemporary, François Boucher.
Honoré Fragonard
23,1,3
141
Timeline
This French movement fought to establish a new
republic ruled by the people.
the French Revolution
23,1,4
142
Styles And
Genres
This artistic style that developed in the late 18th
century challenged the Rococo.
Neoclassicism
23,1,4
143
People
This Neoclassicist joined the post-French Revolution
government as the master of ceremonies for
revolutionary rallies.
Jacques Louis David
23,1,4
144
Artworks
This Jacques Louis David painting illustrated
republican virtues.
the Oath of the Horatii
23,1,4
145
People
David’s propagandistic paintings of this French
leader undermined his earlier revolutionary ideals.
Napoleon Bonaparte
23,1,4
146
People
This artist’s sharp outlines, unemotional figures, and
geometric compositions exemplified the Neoclassical
style.
Jean Dominique Ingres
23,1,4
147
People
This artist and rival of Ingres’ advocated
Romanticism by depicting exotic themes and foreign
settings.
Eugène Delacroix
23,2,1
148
Styles And
Genres
This artistic style favored feeling over reason,
drawing on the emotional emphasis of the Baroque.
Romanticism
23,2,1
149
Styles And
Genres
Théodore Géricault and William Blake were
important artists of this movement.
Romanticism
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Styles And
Genres
This artistic style strove to illustrate all of a subject’s
features, including the negative ones.
Realism
23,2,2
151
People
This flamboyant and outgoing artist most forcefully
represented the Realism movement.
Gustave Courbet
23,2,2
152
Artworks
This Courbet painting portraying ordinary workmen
repairing a road outraged audiences at the Salon.
The Stonebreakers
23,2,2
153
Groups
These three artists’ works exemplified the Realist
style.
Gustave Courbet, Honoré
Daumier, and Jean François Millet
23,2,2
154
Styles And
Genres
This style arose from the dissatisfaction with the
rigid rules dominating the Salon.
Impressionism
23,2,3
155
People
Although he disagreed with the title, this artist is
referred to as the first Impressionist.
Édouard Manet
23,2,3
156
Artworks
This Manet painting caused an uproar for showing a
nude woman amongst clothed men.
Le déjeuner sur l’herbe
(Luncheon on the Grass)
23,2,3
157
Artworks
This Monet painting gave the Impressionist
movement its name.
Impression, Sunrise
24,1,1
158
People
This Impressionist painter urged artists to work
outdoors.
Claude Monet
24,1,1
159
Groups
These three painters were notable Impressionists.
Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro,
and Alfred Sisley
24,1,1
160
People
This painter pioneered the practice of reducing
objects in a painting to their simplest forms.
Paul Cézanne
24,2,1
161
Styles And
Genres
This artistic style is distinguished by the search for
more brilliant color.
Post-Impressionism
24,2,2
162
People
This Post-Impressionist painter pioneered the use of
small dots of complementary colors in his artworks.
Georges Seurat
24,2,2
163
People
This Dutch painter argued that colors should be
intensified to portray inner human emotions.
Vincent van Gogh
25,1,1
164
Artworks
This van Gogh piece depicts a poolroom in jarring
yellows, greens, and reds.
Night Café
25,1,1
165
People
This Post-Impressionist artist painted Tahiti’s tropical
setting and native people.
Paul Gauguin
25,1,2
166
Tools
The invention of this apparatus called into question
the need to capture ordinary reality in art.
the camera
25,2,1
167
Tools
The invention of this accessory allowed the
Impressionists to paint outdoors easily.
the paint tube
25,2,1
168
Places
Many Impressionists were influenced by prints that
they collected from this country.
Japan
25,2,1
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People
This artist combined the snapshot style of
photography with a Japanese perspective.
Edgar Degas
25,2,1
170
Terms
This group developed a style reminiscent of preRenaissance art in reaction to the Industrial
Revolution.
the Pre-Raphaelites
25,2,2
171
Styles And
Genres
This style of decoration, architecture, and design
depicted leaves and flowers in flowing, sinuous lines.
Art Nouveau
25,2,2
172
People
This 20th century painter led a group of artists who
used arbitrary color in their artworks.
Henri Matisse
25,2,3
173
Terms
This French word for “wild beasts” described artists
who believed that color need not reflect reality.
fauves
25,2,3
174
Terms
This term describes the use of color that does not
replicate the colors seen in the real world.
arbitrary color
25,2,3
175
Groups
These two 20th century painters developed Cubism
by breaking down and analyzing form in new ways.
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
25,2,4
176
Styles And
Genres
This style favored abstract forms over lifelike figures.
Cubism
25,2,4
177
Groups
These two Die Brücke artists combined arbitrary
colors with intense emotions.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Emil
Nolde
26,1,1
178
People
This Norwegian artist’s depictions of intense feelings
contributed to the Expressionist movement.
Edvard Munch
26,1,1
179
Styles And
Genres
This style attempted to make the inner workings of
the mind visible in art.
Expressionism
26,1,1
180
People
This Russian artist began painting abstract pictures
without any pictorial subject around 1913.
Vasily Kandinsky
26,1,1
181
Groups
These two abstract artists produced De Stijl canvases
exhibiting flat fields of primary color.
Kazimir Malevich and Piet
Mondrian
26,1,1
182
Places
The center of the art world shifted from Paris to this
city in the 20th century.
Ney York City
26,2,1
183
Events
This 1913 show was the first major art exhibition in
the United States.
the Armory Show
26,2,1
184
Artworks
This Picasso piece’s approach to the figure and space
shocked viewers at the Armory Show.
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
26,2,1
185
Artworks
This Brancusi sculpture’s abstracted, block-like
figures alarmed viewers at the Armory Show.
The Kiss
26,2,1
186
Places
This New York City neighborhood became the center
of African-American creativity during the 1920s.
Harlem
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Timeline
This jazz-influenced movement united AfricanAmerican musicians, writers, and artists.
the Harlem Renaissance
26,2,2
188
Groups
The Harlem Renaissance inspired many paintings and
books, including those of these two artists.
Jacob Lawrence and Romare
Bearden
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Styles And
Genres
This artistic movement originating in Zurich aimed
to ridicule accepted values and norms.
Dada
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People
This artist exhibited the amusing and irreverent view
of the Dada movement in his work.
Marcel Duchamp
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Artworks
This piece by Marcel Duchamp consisted of a
common porcelain urinal.
Fountain
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Objects
Duchamp added this element to his Dada version of
the Mona Lisa.
a mustache
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Styles And
Genres
This category of art pioneered by Duchamp involved
giving new context to an ordinary object.
ready-mades
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Artworks
This Picasso piece represents a bicycle seat and
handlebars as bullhorns.
Bull’s Head
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Styles And
Genres
This style attempted to portray the inner workings of
the mind based on Freudian theories.
Surrealism
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Terms
This group of artists included Salvador Dalí, René
Magritte, and Joan Miró.
Surrealists
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Institutions
This German school attempted to reconcile industrial
mass-manufacture with aesthetic form.
Bauhaus
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People
After the Nazis closed down the Bauhaus, this artist
immigrated to the United States to teach.
Josef Albers
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Timeline
Organized movements in art came to a virtual
standstill during this war.
World War II
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Art Forms
Art often took on this form in support of the Second
World War.
propaganda
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People
This art critic influenced the New York art scene by
encouraging the development of abstraction.
Clement Greenberg
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Styles And
Genres
This Kandinsky-inspired style freed artists in the
1940s from limitations on pictorial subject matter.
Abstract Expressionism
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People
This Abstract Expressionist abandoned his
paintbrush and dripped paint directly onto the
canvas.
Jackson Pollock
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Styles And
Genres
This type of Abstract Expressionist painting
employed dramatic brushstrokes or Pollock’s
dripping technique.
action-painting
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Styles And
Genres
This type of Abstract Expressionist painting featured
broad areas of color and simple, geometric forms.
color field painting
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People
This early 20th century artist depicted common
things such as flags, numbers, maps, and letters.
Jasper Johns
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People
This artist influenced Pop Art with his sculptures
made from “found” items.
Robert Rauschenberg
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Artworks
This Rauschenberg piece features “found” items,
including a stuffed goat, a tire, and the heel of a
shoe.
Monogram
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Styles And
Genres
This 1960s movement subverted the rules of
appropriate subject matter with its images of mass
culture.
Pop Art
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People
This pop artist mocked the art world with his images
of soup cans, Brillo boxes, and movie stars.
Andy Warhol
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People
This pop artist produced massive artworks using
comic book imagery.
Roy Lichtenstein
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People
This pop artist created artistic messages from
stencils originally used to produce commercial signs.
Robert Indiana
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Styles And
Genres
This artistic style emphasized simplification of form
and often featured monochromatic palettes.
Minimalism
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Styles And
Genres
The invention of acrylic paint and the airbrush
enabled the production of this type of painting.
hard-edge painting
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People
This Minimalist painter is known for his large,
entirely non-objective hard-edge paintings.
Frank Stella
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People
This sculptor used stainless steel to create large
pieces that conveyed abstract minimalism.
David Smith
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People
This Minimalist artist produced sculptures using
neon tubing.
Dan Flavin
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Styles And
Genres
Artworks in this style mimic photographs and depict
subject matter in sharp focus.
Photorealism
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People
This Photorealist artist’s portraits hearkened back to
Realism.
Chuck Close
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People
This Photorealist artist created witty sculptures of
ordinary people.
Duane Hanson
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Styles And
Genres
These artworks were developed out of doors rather
than in galleries.
Earthworks
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People
These two artists and partners generated public
interest in Earthworks.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
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Places
Christo and Jeanne-Claude set up orange fabric gates
on pathways in this park.
Central Park
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Styles And
Genres
The artists themselves become the work in this style
combining theater and art.
Performance Art
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Groups
This group used guerrilla-warfare tactics to challenge
an art world dominated by white men.
the Guerilla Girls
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Styles And
Genres
Works in this style tended to reintroduce traditional
elements or to exaggerate modernist techniques.
Postmodernism
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People
This Postmodernist architect suggested in 1970 that
one of art’s functions was decoration.
Philip Johnson
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Structures
Philip Johnson added a finial to the top of this tower
now called the Sony Building.
the AT&T Building
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Groups
These critics have led to major revisions in art
history regarding the representation of female artists.
feminist critics
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Places
This country contains remains of painted from as
early as the fourth millennium B.C.E.
China
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Structures
This ancient Chinese structure constructed over the
course of centuries is 2000 miles long.
the Great Wall
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People
This Chinese emperor’s tomb included a life-sized
army sculpted from clay.
the Emperor of Qin
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Materials
The Chinese dynasties after Qin are noted for statues
and ceremonial vessels made from this material.
bronze
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Terms
This religion from India had a profound effect on
Chinese arts and culture.
Buddhism
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Timeline
This dynasty, often referred to as China’s Golden
Age, produced great ceramic sculptures.
the Tang dynasty
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Terms
This revolution suffused Chinese art with political
propaganda from 1949 until the late 1970s.
Communism
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Places
More than 1600 different languages and dialects are
spoken in this diverse nation.
India
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People
Greek art influenced the classical images of this
religious figure in India.
Buddha
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Terms
With its many gods and goddesses, this religion
influenced a lively and sinuous artistic style.
Hinduism
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People
Striking examples of Hindu art include images of this
Hindu god with multiple arms.
Shiva
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Places
Closed to the West for most of its history, this
nation’s art remained relatively traditional.
Japan
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Places
Japanese artists studying in this country were
influenced by Impressionism.
France
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Styles And
Genres
Japanese artists are best known in the Western world
for this art form.
printmaking
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Places
Art from this continent’s northern and southern
regions has widely differing histories.
Africa
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Places
Cave paintings found in this African country are
thought to predate any known European paintings.
Namibia
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Civilizations
This West African civilization produced life-like
terracotta sculptures around 500 B.C.E.
the Nok civilization
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Timeline
The royal court’s rich life inspired the art from this
African kingdom.
the Benin Kingdom
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People
The Benin Kingdom’s art was made to reinforce the
tremendous power of this king.
the oba
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Civilizations
This people destroyed and confiscated many Benin
treasures in an 1897 raid.
the British
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Objects
These African artworks were usually integrated into
performances and are taken out of context when
displayed in museums.
masks
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Civilizations
These two African cultural groups are well known
for their impressive masks.
the Dan and the Bwa
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Places
This island cluster includes Polynesia, Melanesia, and
Micronesia.
Oceania
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Styles And
Genres
Tattooing had this social function in Polynesia.
expression of social status
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Civilizations
The art traditions of this Melanesian cultural group
related to warfare.
the Asmat
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Objects
These Melanesian creations were used in ceremonies
to summon the spirits of ancestors.
carved masks
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Civilizations
This New Zealand group is renewing its culture by
reviving old traditions in a new context.
the Maori
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Terms
This religion follows the teachings of the prophet
Muhammad.
Islam
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Texts
The revelations of the prophet Muhammad are
recorded in this holy book.
the Quran
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Structures
This structure is the major Islamic holy site in
Jerusalem.
the Dome of the Rock
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Structures
These Islamic prayer sites have varied architectural
styles.
mosques
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Terms
This mosque wall faces Mecca.
qibla
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Places
Art historians formerly classified much of this
region’s art as products of simple craftsmanship.
the Americas
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Civilizations
These five indigenous civilizations flourished in
Mesoamerica.
the Olmec, Toltec, Maya, Inca,
and Aztec
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Structures
This Mexican pyramid rivals those of Egypt.
Pyramid of the Sun
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Civilizations
This people built complex pueblo structures in what
is today the American Southwest.
Native Americans
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Terms
These basic visual components of an artwork include
line, shape, form, space, color, and texture.
formal qualities
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Terms
This term refers to the path of a point moving
through space.
line
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Terms
These lines prompt the eye to move upwards.
vertical lines
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Terms
These lines suggest a feeling of peace and tranquility.
horizontal lines
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Terms
This art element defines the two-dimensional area of
an object.
shape
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Terms
This art element describes a three-dimensional object
with length, width, and depth.
form
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Terms
These precise and regular shapes and forms can be
defined mathematically.
geometric shapes and forms
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Terms
This term describes freeform and irregular shapes
and forms that tend to express movement and
rhythm.
organic
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Terms
This art element relates to the organization of
objects and the areas around them.
space
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Terms
The objects, shapes, or forms in an artwork occupy
this space.
positive space
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Terms
This space refers to the area around the objects,
shapes, or forms in an artwork.
negative space
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Art Forms
This type of sculpture is sculpted fully in the round.
freestanding sculpture
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Art Forms
This type of sculpture projects from a surface of
which it is a part.
relief sculpture
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Terms
This art element is used in two-dimensional works to
create the illusion of three-dimensionality.
perspective
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Terms
Artists use these two techniques to replicate the
effect of light on an object’s sense of volume and
space.
shading and highlighting
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Terms
This artistic technique is used to account for the
alteration of an object’s appearance when viewed
from a distance.
aerial perspective
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Terms
This term describes art where lines appear to
converge and eventually disappear at a point on the
horizon.
linear perspective art
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Terms
Artists using linear perspective establish this point
on the artwork’s horizon.
vanishing point
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Objects
This feature frequently found in Renaissance interior
paintings demonstrates the use of linear perspective.
a black and white checkerboard
floor
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Terms
This color property describes a color by name.
hue
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Terms
This color group produces all other colors.
primary colors
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Colors
Primary colors consist of these three colors.
red, blue, and yellow
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Terms
This color group comes from mixing two primary
colors.
secondary colors
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Colors
Secondary colors consist of these three colors.
orange, green, and violet
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Terms
Combining two adjacent primary and secondary
colors produces this color group.
tertiary colors
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Tools
This 18th century visual scheme organizes color hues.
the color wheel
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People
This 17th century scientist developed the underlying
concepts for the color wheel.
Sir Isaac Newton
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Terms
This property is used to discuss the lightness or
darkness of a color or of gray.
value
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Terms
This term describes black and white, which are not
hues.
neutrals
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Terms
This property refers to the brightness or purity of
color.
intensity
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Effects
Mixing pure colors or adding black or gray to a color
produces this effect.
reduced color intensity
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Colors
Mixing equal parts of two complementary colors
produces this tone.
brown
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Terms
This theory explores why a shade looks brighter or
darker depending on its neighboring colors.
relativity of color
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Terms
In Western art, this color group includes red, orange,
and yellow.
warm colors
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Terms
In Western art, this color group includes green, blue,
and violet.
cool colors
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Terms
This color subcategory refers to an object or area’s
color as seen in normal daylight.
local color
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Terms
This color subcategory refers to an object or area’s
color under special lighting.
optical color
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Effects
Artists use arbitrary color to produce these two
effects.
emotional and aesthetic impact
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Terms
This art element refers to how we think objects
would feel if touched.
texture
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Terms
Artists may use tangible materials to create this
textural effect.
actual texture
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Terms
This effect creates an illusion of a textured surface in
two-dimensional media.
visual texture
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Terms
These movements can create actual texture in
paintings.
brushstrokes
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Terms
This term refers to the organization of elements in
an artwork.
composition
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Terms
Artists create this sense of movement in their
artwork through the repetition of elements.
rhythm
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Terms
This term refers to elements that are repeated within
an artwork.
motif
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Terms
An artwork’s composition can include this repetition
of elements.
pattern
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Terms
Checkerboards are an example of this repetition in
an artwork.
regular pattern
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Terms
This term refers to the equal distribution of visual
weight in an artwork.
balance
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Terms
Artists create this balance by repeating elements
exactly on both sides of an artwork’s central axis.
symmetrical balance
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Structures
Architects use these three features of a central
entrance to create symmetry.
columns, wings, and windows
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Terms
In this kind of balance, both sides of the central axis
vary slightly from each other.
approximate symmetry
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Terms
This visual balance is achieved by organizing unlike
objects.
asymmetrical balance
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Terms
This effect results from contrasting an element with
the rest of a composition.
focal point
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Terms
This term refers to the relationship between the sizes
of a composition’s elements.
proportion
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Terms
This term refers to the relative size of elements in an
artwork.
scale
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Timeline
This period established the standards for the
relationship of the human face and body in art.
the Classical Period of Greek
sculpture
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Numbers
The Greeks determined the human figure to be this
many times as high as the head in art.
7.5
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Objects
The Greeks believed these features lay on a line
halfway between the chin and the top of the head.
the corners of the eyes
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Qualities
This change has resulted in a shift in the standard
Greek proportions of the human figure.
changing ideals of beauty
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Styles And
Genres
This art genre often rejects the unity and balance of
traditional artworks.
modern art
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Art Forms
This form of art has height and width, but not
significant depth.
two-dimensional art
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Art Forms
This form of art has height, width, and depth and
exists in space.
three-dimensional art
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Art Forms
This artistic process involves using a tool to make
marks on a surface.
drawing
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Tools
These five tools are the most common drawing
media.
pencil, pen and ink, charcoal,
crayon, and felt-tip pens
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Materials
Early artists drew on this surface medium before the
development of paper.
walls of rock
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Terms
This art element underpins the drawing process.
line
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Effects
Artists use shading to produce these two effects
when drawing.
a change in values and an illusion
of three-dimensionality
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Terms
This shading technique consists of lines placed
closely together side by side.
hatching
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Terms
This shading technique uses crisscrossed lines.
crosshatching
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Terms
This shading technique creates different values by
making a pattern of dots.
stippling
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Materials
This drawing medium is opaque but becomes
translucent by adding water.
ink
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Materials
These soft sticks of color became popular in the
1700s.
colored pastels
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Art Forms
This mechanically aided process produces multiple
original two-dimensional artworks.
printmaking
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Tools
An image is created on this printing plate during
printmaking.
a matrix
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Styles And
Genres
This printmaking process removes parts from the
surface of the printing plate.
relief printmaking
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Tools
This tool rubs ink onto paper in relief printmaking.
a burnisher
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Styles And
Genres
Lines are incised on wood or a soft metal plate in
this printmaking process.
intaglio printmaking
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Styles And
Genres
Lines are carved into the surface of a printing plate
in this printmaking process.
engraving
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Styles And
Genres
This printmaking process begins with immersing a
plate with a wax design in acid.
etching
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Styles And
Genres
A waxy pencil draws an image directly onto a plate
in this printmaking process.
lithography
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Styles And
Genres
This printmaking process is used to print most Tshirts.
silk-screening
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Terms
This type of print results from forcing ink through a
fabric with a squeegee.
screen print
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Timeline
Activists of this revolution used printmaking to
distribute images of social protest.
the Mexican Revolution
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Tools
The development of this tool in the 15th century
enabled the production of newspapers and books.
the printing press
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Materials
These colored powders used in paints contain
ground natural or synthetic materials.
pigments
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Materials
These five natural materials are ground to create
paint pigments.
clays, gemstones, minerals, plants,
and insects
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Materials
This paint component holds pigments together and
allows paint to adhere to a surface.
a binder
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Materials
These three materials can be used as binders in
paint.
egg yolks, linseed oil, and wax
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Materials
This component is added to paint to change its
consistency or drying time.
a solvent
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Materials
These two materials can act as solvents for paint.
water and oil
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Materials
These four materials are among the surfaces to
which painters can apply media.
boards, paper, canvas, and plaster
walls
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Tools
These four tools are among the implements used to
apply paint.
paintbrushes, fingers, sticks, and
palette knives
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Styles And
Genres
An artist uses this painting technique to paint on
walls or ceilings.
the fresco technique
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Styles And
Genres
This fresco technique involves the application of a
mixture of pigment and water to wet plaster.
buon fresco (“true” fresco)
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Styles And
Genres
Artists using this fresco technique to apply paints to
dry plaster.
fresco secco
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Places
Frescoes have been found in the ruins of this ancient
Roman city.
Pompeii
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People
This early 20th century Mexican muralist used the
fresco technique for his murals.
Diego Rivera
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Materials
These versatile and easily-mixed paints were not
widely used until the 1400s.
oil paints
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Materials
This water-based paint dries quickly and has a
narrow tonal range.
tempera
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Materials
This thin layer of oil paint is applied over another
color to alter it.
a glaze
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Terms
Oils applied thickly or in heavy lumps result in this
kind of surface.
impasto
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Qualities
This quality of oil paint allows artists to work on a
painting over a long period.
it dries slowly
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Materials
This wax-based paint was used for ancient Egyptian
grave markers.
encaustic
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Materials
Hot irons fuse this material to a surface with the use
of encaustic.
colored molten wax
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Materials
Artists use this water-based paint similar to tempera
to create bright colors and fine details.
gouache
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Materials
The artist adds water to this paint to create tints.
watercolor
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Materials
This versatile paint developed after World War II
consists of synthetic materials.
acrylic
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Timeline
Photography was developed during the middle of this
century.
the nineteenth century
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Art Forms
This art form developed in the mid-nineteenth
century documented likenesses of people and scenes.
photography
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Qualities
The development of photography initially pressured
artists to emphasize this quality in their work.
realism
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Art Forms
These two media similar to still photography are also
considered art forms.
film and video art
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Terms
Sculpture is created in these four basic ways.
carving, modeling, casting, and
construction
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Art Forms
This art form can be freestanding or attached to
surfaces.
sculpture
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Terms
This subtractive process removes original material to
create a sculpture.
carving
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Tools
Sculptors use these three tools when carving.
chisels, hammers, and files
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Terms
In this additive process, artists use a soft, workable
material to form a sculpture by hand.
modeling
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Materials
These four materials are commonly used for
modeling.
clay, wax, plaster, and papiermâché
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Terms
This sculpture process consists of encasing an
original form in plaster to create a mold.
casting
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Materials
Sculptures may be cast in one of these four
materials.
plaster, metal, plastic, and
polyester resins
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Terms
This process joins objects and materials together to
form a sculpture.
constructing
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Terms
This method fuses together the materials in metal
sculptures.
welding
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People
This sculptor created wind-propelled mobiles with
wire-suspended forms.
Alexander Calder
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Tools
Artists use these four mechanisms to introduce
movement to their sculptures.
motors, pulleys, ropes, and
pumps
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Art Forms
This art form is constructed on-site and is usually
temporary and large-scale.
environmental art
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Timeline
Earthworks first emerged during this decade.
the 1960s
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Groups
These two groups usually have to approve
environmental artists’ works.
the community and governmental
agencies
40,1,7
392
Art Forms
This art form uses several art media, sometimes in
conjunction with found materials.
mixed media
40,2,1
393
Styles And
Genres
In this form of mixed media, artists adhere various
materials to a surface.
collage
40,2,1
394
Groups
These two artists are credited with introducing
mixed media to the high-art sphere.
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
40,2,1
395
Timeline
This art form was introduced to the high-art sphere
around 1912.
mixed media
40,2,1
396
People
This artist’s mixed media pieces combined silkscreen
images with paint.
Robert Rauschenberg
40,2,2
397
People
This 20th century mixed media artist filled boxes
with objects to make symbolic statements.
Joseph Cornell
40,2,2
398
Materials
Nonwestern artists used media like these three
materials in their traditional masks.
grasses, beads, and paint
40,2,3
399
Art Forms
This art form involves a fleeting experience that is
sometimes directed at an audience.
performance art
40,2,4
400
Effects
Performance art’s inability to be sold allows it to
avoid this condition.
commercialization
40,2,4
401
Styles And
Genres
These three genres of art forms are largely
utilitarian.
craft, folk art, and popular art
41,1,1
402
Causes
This development has turned pottery, jewelry, and
glass and wooden objects into recognized art forms.
the desire to make everyday
objects distinctive and beautiful
41,1,1
403
Terms
This process distinguishes pottery as a craft.
manipulating natural materials
with hands and simple tools
41,1,2
404
Materials
This material dug from the ground is generally used
in pottery.
clay
41,1,2
405
Terms
This liquid clay is used in pottery to join the edges of
slabs of clay.
slip
41,1,2
406
Tools
This tool enables a potter to manipulate a ball of clay
as it spins.
a potter’s wheel
41,2,1
407
Terms
This term describes a pot created on a potter’s
wheel.
thrown
41,2,1
408
Qualities
Throwing pots aids the production of these two
qualities.
thin walls and a variety of shapes
41,2,1
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Tools
This oven fires pots to harden them.
the kiln
42,1,1
410
Terms
This coating produces a glassy and waterproof
surface on pots after firing.
a glaze
42,1,1
411
Materials
Glazes for pots are made of these two materials.
clay and color-producing minerals
42,1,1
412
Art Forms
This art form involves the production and use of
textiles.
fiber arts
42,1,2
413
Terms
This process produces textiles through the use of a
loom, braiding, knitting, or crochet.
weaving
42,1,2
414
Terms
This craft used in both popular and fine art involves
sewing pieces of fabric together in patterns.
quilting
42,1,2
415
Materials
This material most often made from silica was first
made in the Middle East around 3000 B.C.E.
glass
42,1,3
416
Materials
This material is derived from sand, flint, or quartz
combined with other raw materials.
silica
42,1,3
417
Terms
This artistic process forms vases, drinking glasses,
and perfume bottles.
glassblowing
42,1,3
418
Terms
This medieval art form was used to create dramatic
cathedral windows.
stained glass
42,1,3
419
Civilizations
This civilization carves traditional designs into
wooden boxes and house boards.
Northwest Coast Indians
42,1,4
420
Qualities
These three criteria distinguish functional objects
that are considered art pieces.
unique design, superb
craftsmanship, and beautiful
visual effect
42,1,4
421
Art Forms
This discipline encompasses the art and science of
designing and constructing buildings.
architecture
42,1,5
422
Terms
These artists specialize in designing structures.
architects
42,1,5
423
Materials
These six natural materials were used for building
structures in early times.
sticks, mud, grass, animal skins,
ice, and wood
42,2,1
424
Terms
This architectural technique places a long stone or
wooden beam horizontally across upright posts.
post-and-lintel construction
42,2,1
425
Terms
The Parthenon exhibits this construction in its
design.
post-and-lintel construction
42,2,1
426
Materials
These two materials are now favored in post-andlintel construction.
steel and wood
42,2,1
427
Structures
These three architectural developments allow greater
height and more interior open space.
the arch, the vault, and the dome
42,2,2
428
Terms
The Colosseum exhibits this construction in its
design.
vaulted construction
42,2,2
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Materials
The Romans invented this material to build their
public works projects.
concrete
42,2,2
430
Structures
A skeletal building style from the medieval period
employs these two structures.
strong buttresses and thin walls
with stained-glass windows
42,2,3
431
Structures
These external arches counterbalanced the outward
thrust of high, vaulted ceilings in medieval
architecture.
flying buttresses
42,2,3
432
Structures
This 1851 structure consisted of glass walls held in
place by a framework of iron rods.
the Crystal Palace
42,2,4
433
Structures
This Parisian monument constructed during the
Industrial Revolution has a wrought iron framework.
the Eiffel Tower
42,2,4
434
People
This Spanish architect created organic-looking
buildings of cut stone in the late 1800s and early
1900s.
Antonio Gaudi
42,2,5
435
Materials
These two materials are favored for large public,
commercial, and multi-family housing.
steel and concrete
42,2,6
436
Materials
These two materials are commonly used for
residential homes.
wood and brick
42,2,6
437
Places
This French city was a major artistic center in the
early 20th century.
Paris
44,1,3
438
Places
These three cities were important artistic centers in
the early 20th century.
Munich, Zurich, and Berlin
44,1,3
439
Events
A sense of connection grew among artists in
response to these two destructive events.
World War I and World War II
44,1,3
440
People
This Fauve painter also worked as a printmaker, a
designer, and a sculptor.
Henri Matisse
44,2,2
441
Terms
Matisse moved to Paris to pursue this course of
study.
law
44,2,3
442
Terms
Matisse discovered his passion for art while
recovering from this ailment.
appendicitis
44,2,3
443
Institutions
Matisse began to study painting at this academy in
1891.
Adadémie Julian
45,1,1
444
People
This academic painter emphasizing precise imitation
trained Matisse at the Académie Julian.
William-Adolphe Bouguereau
45,1,1
445
People
This École des Beaux-Arts professor encouraged
Matisse’s imaginative paintings.
Gustave Moreau
45,1,1
446
People
These two landscape painters influenced Matisse‘s
early career.
Siméon Chardin and JeanBaptiste-Camille Corot
45,1,2
447
Places
Matisse traveled to this island off the coast of
Brittany in the summers of 1896 and 1897.
Belle Île
45,1,2
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People
This Australian painter introduced Matisse to the
importance of color in Monet and van Gogh.
John Peter Russell
45,1,2
449
Qualities
These two attributes of Impressionist art differed
radically from those of academic painting.
vivid colors and loose, choppy
brushstrokes
45,1,2
450
People
Matisse married this woman in 1898.
Amélie Noellie Parayre
45,2,1
451
People
Matisse became interested in this artist’s landscape
paintings while visiting London in 1898.
J. M. W. Turner
45,2,1
452
Places
Matisse’s work matured and became more original in
this French city.
Toulouse
45,2,1
453
People
This artist’s treatment of the human figure greatly
influenced Matisse’s artistic maturation.
Paul Cézanne
45,2,1
454
People
This painter’s writings on color theory influenced
Matisse’s artistic maturation.
Paul Signac
45,2,1
455
People
This Parisian dealer hosted Matisse’s first solo
exhibition in 1904.
Ambroise Vollard
45,2,2
456
Effects
The failure of Matisse’s first solo exhibition led to
this setback.
financial ruin
45,2,2
457
Groups
Matisse led this Parisian group that used color to
emphasize emotions rather than imitate nature.
the Fauves
45,2,2
458
People
These three French painters were affiliated with
Matisse’s Fauves.
André Derain, Raoul Dufy, and
Georges Braque
45,2,2
459
Events
The Fauves displayed their work at this 1905
exhibition.
Salon d’Automne
45,2,2
460
Artworks
This Matisse painting depicts nude females as
brightly colored shapes in a flattened, abstract
landscape.
Joy of Life
45,2,3
461
Places
Matisse traveled to these three places between 1911
and 1913.
Russia, Morocco, and the Moorish
cities of Spain
45,2,4
462
Styles And
Genres
This art influenced the sense of flatness and jewellike colors in Matisse’s work.
Islamic art
45,2,4
463
Causes
Matisse was rejected for military service for this
reason.
his being 45 years old
45,2,4
464
Places
Matisse spent the years between World War I and
World War II in this Mediterranean city.
Nice
45,2,5
465
Qualities
After World War I, Matisse’s work evoked these two
classical qualities.
order and balance
45,2,5
466
Effects
Matisse’s return to a classical style had this effect.
a growing reputation
45,2,5
467
Places
Matisse traveled to these two places in the 1930s.
Tahiti and New York
46,1,1
468
Texts
James Joyce commissioned Matisse illustrate this
book.
Ulysses
46,1,1
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Texts
Matisse used this printmaking form for the Ulysses
illustrations.
etchings
46,1,1
470
Groups
Matisse painted a mural cycle for this foundation in
the 1930s.
the Barnes Foundation
46,1,1
471
Art Forms
Matisse concentrated on these two art forms during
his convalescence in 1941.
drawing and printmaking
46,1,2
472
Styles And
Genres
This medium allowed Matisse to create abstract
forms in his later work.
paper cut-outs
46,1,2
473
Structures
Matisse designed stained glass, murals, furniture, and
liturgical items for this Catholic church in Vence.
Chapelle du Rosaire
46,1,2
474
Artworks
This Matisse painting is a closely cropped image of a
woman seated in a chair.
Woman with a Hat
46,1,3
475
Objects
This element occupies more than a third of Matisse’s
Woman with a Hat.
a hat
46,1,3
476
People
This woman was the model for Matisse’s Woman
with a Hat.
Matisse’s wife, Amélie Parayre
46,1,4
477
Colors
Blotches of these five colors make up the background
of Matisse’s Woman with a Hat.
green, blue, pink, yellow, and red
46,1,4
478
Objects
Shades of green highlight these three facial features
in Matisse’s Women with a Hat.
forehead, nose, and jawline
46,1,4
479
Terms
Colors are used to evoke these two artistic elements
in Matisse’s Woman with a Hat.
pattern and texture
46,1,4
480
Terms
La Femme au chapeau by Matisse was a study of this
subject rather than a traditional portrait.
the human figure
46,2,1
481
Causes
T. J. Clark argued that this intention motivated
Matisse’s treatment of his wife in Woman with a Hat.
his personal relationship with the
subject
46,2,1
482
Terms
Amélie Parayre pursued this profession after the age
of 23.
hatmaking
46,2,1
483
Structures
Amélie Parayre started this establishment in 1899,
supporting Matisse’s painting career.
a hat shop
46,2,1
484
Effects
These setbacks plagued Matisse and Parayre at the
time that he painted Woman with a Hat.
professional struggles
46,2,1
485
Objects
T. J. Clark argued that this element symbolizes
Parayre’s life in Matisse’s Woman with a Hat.
the hat
46,2,1
486
Qualities
This attitude often characterized the friendship of
Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso.
rivalry
47,1,1
487
Institutions
Artists and writers in France met at this intellectual
gathering during the Fauvist period.
the Stein salon
47,1,1
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People
This 20th century American writer hosted a salon in
Paris and patronized many new artists.
Gertrude Stein
47,1,1
489
People
This Russian collector and textile merchant
purchased works by Matisse and Picasso.
Sergey Shchukin
47,1,1
490
Terms
The rivalry between Matisse and Picasso was rooted
in this reason.
competition for patronage
47,1,1
491
Groups
This family purchased Woman with a Hat.
the Stein family
47,1,2
492
Institutions
Woman with a Hat was eventually gifted to this
San Francisco Museum of Modern
Art
47,1,2
museum.
493
Places
Collectors like the Stein family shaped the taste for
modern art in this country.
the United States
47,1,2
494
People
This critic strongly opposed the Salon d’Automne,
where Woman with a Hat exhibited.
Louis Vauxcelles
47,1,3
495
Texts
Louis Vauxcelles published his critique of the Salon
d’Automne in this newspaper.
Gil Blas
47,1,3
496
Objects
“Des fauves” is the French term for these creatures.
wild beasts
47,1,3
497
Styles And
Genres
This relatively short-lived movement was centered on
the 1905 Salon d’Autumne.
Fauvism
47,1,3
498
Terms
Monet took a scientific approach to painting to
capture the effect of this element on a subject.
light
47,1,4
499
Colors
Parayre’s wildly patterned dress in Woman with a
Hat was of this color in reality.
black
47,2,1
500
Texts
This 1908 text contained Matisse’s artistic methods
and intentions.
“Notes of a Painter”
47,2,2
501
Qualities
In “Notes of a Painter,” Matisse stated he was
uninterested in portraying this quality when painting
faces..
“anatomical exactitude”
47,2,3
502
Qualities
Matisse’s human figure paintings were shaped by
this influence rather than the sitter’s identity.
Matisse’s own emotional state
47,2,4
503
Places
Parisian artists took an interest in these two regions’
art during the Fauvist period.
Africa and Oceania
48,1,1
504
Terms
Traditional African and Oceanic art did not strive to
portray this type of space.
three-dimensional space
48,1,1
505
Styles And
Genres
Emerging interest in this movement complemented
Fauvism’s approach to space and color.
primitivism
48,1,1
506
Timeline
Pablo Picasso’s artistic talents first became clear at
this period of his life.
early childhood
48,1,2
507
Art Forms
Pablo Picasso produced art in these five media.
paintings, sculptures, prints,
drawings, and theatrical designs
48,1,2
508
Places
Picasso was born in this city in 1881.
Málaga, Spain
48,1,3
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People
This art professor gave Picasso his earliest training.
his father, José Ruiz Y Blasco
48,1,3
510
Groups
Picasso studied these artists under his father’s
tutelage.
the Old Masters
48,1,3
511
Civilizations
Plaster copies of sculptures from these two
civilizations acted as models for Picasso’s early
drawings.
ancient Greeks and ancient
Romans
48,1,3
512
Institutions
Picasso enrolled in this Madrid academy at the age of
16.
Royal Academy of San Fernando
48,1,4
513
Qualities
Picasso resisted these two traditional artistic
practices from young.
naturalistic depiction of space
and idealized representations of
the human body
48,1,4
514
Styles And
Genres
These two avant-garde movements influenced
Picasso’s style in the late 1890s.
Symbolism and Art Nouveau
48,1,4
515
People
These two painters influenced Picasso’s style in the
late 1890s.
El Greco and Francisco Goya
48,1,4
516
Places
Picasso made his first trip to this artistic center in
1900.
Paris
48,1,4
517
Timeline
This period of Picasso’s career refers to the
predominant hues in his work from 1901 to 1904.
Blue Period
48,1,5
518
Terms
Picasso’s Blue Period paintings focused on this
subject.
the human figure
48,1,5
519
Artworks
This Picasso painting from the Blue Period depicts a
man on the margins of society.
The Old Guitarist
48,1,5
520
Timeline
This period of Picasso’s art lasting from 1904 to 1906
used a lighter, brighter palette.
Rose Period
48,2,1
521
Groups
Picasso’s art depicted these two subjects during his
Rose Period.
acrobats and harlequins
48,2,1
522
People
Picasso developed a relationship with this model
during the Rose Period.
Fernande Olivier
48,2,1
523
Places
Picasso and Fernande Olivier traveled to this region
in the summer of 1906.
Catalonia
48,2,1
524
Terms
These sculptures interested Picasso during his visit to
Catalonia.
Iberian sculptures
48,2,1
525
Institutions
This Parisian museum introduced Picasso to African
and Pacific art.
the Ethnographic Museum of the
Trocadero
48,2,1
526
Artworks
This 1907 Picasso painting drew on African and
Pacific art.
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
48,2,1
527
Styles And
Genres
Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon provided a
foundation for this movement’s development.
Cubism
48,2,1
528
People
This former Fauvist artist developed Cubism with
Picasso.
Georges Braque
48,2,2
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Causes
This 1914 event ended Braque and Picasso’s
collaboration.
Braque’s enlistment in World War
I
48,2,2
530
Causes
Picasso was not obligated to enlist in the military in
1914 for this reason.
his status as a Spanish resident of
France
48,2,2
531
Styles And
Genres
Picasso had established himself in this art scene by
1914.
Parisian avant-garde
48,2,2
532
People
This successful ballet director began working with
Picasso in 1916.
Sergei Diaghilev
49,1,1
533
Institutions
Sergei Diaghilev directed this Paris-based dance
company.
Ballets Russes
49,1,1
534
People
This Diaghilev ballerina was Picasso’s first wife.
Olga Koklova
49,1,1
535
Styles And
Genres
Picasso began to adopt this artistic style after World
War I.
classical
49,1,1
536
Artworks
This Picasso mural depicts the bombings of civilians
during the Spanish Civil War.
Guernica
49,1,2
537
Terms
Picasso did not overtly address this concern in his
art, except in Guernica.
his political beliefs
49,1,2
538
Terms
Picasso’s Guernica depicted the chaos and tragedy of
this situation.
modern warfare
49,1,2
539
Institutions
This New York museum hosted a major Picasso
retrospective from 1939 to 1940.
Museum of Modern Art
49,1,2
540
Effects
The Museum of Modern Art’s 1939 Picasso exhibit
established New York in this role.
the center of the modern art
world
49,1,2
541
Materials
Picasso used these four materials in his sculptures.
wood, stone, metal, and found
materials
49,1,3
542
Artworks
This Picasso sculpture dedicated in 1967 is located in
Daley Plaza, Chicago.
Chicago Picasso
49,1,3
543
Qualities
Picasso’s sculpture Chicago Picasso departed from
Chicago’s traditional public statues in this respect.
its non-naturalistic portrayal of
human figures
49,1,3
544
Qualities
These two attitudes Picasso held towards women
stereotyped the bohemian male artist.
dismissive and misogynistic
49,2,1
545
People
This woman was Picasso’s wife at the time of his
death.
Jacqueline Roque
49,2,1
546
People
Picasso nicknamed this woman, who was one of his
lovers, “Ma Jolie.”
Marcelle Humbert
49,2,2
547
People
Picasso’s lover Marcelle Humbert is better known by
this name.
Eva Gouel
49,2,2
548
Artworks
This title of a Picasso painting means “my pretty girl”
in French.
Ma Jolie
49,2,2
549
Timeline
Eva Gouel was Picasso’s partner during this artistic
period.
the Cubist period
49,2,2
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Terms
This illness took Eva Gouel’s life in 1915.
tuberculosis
49,2,2
551
Colors
These three hues highlight the limited and subtle
palette of Picasso’s Ma Jolie.
grays, browns, and creams
49,2,3
552
Terms
Black lines form these overlapping and intersecting
forms in Picasso’s Ma Jolie.
geometric shapes
49,2,3
553
Texts
This text at the bottom center of the painting was
the main clue to the subject of Picasso’s Ma Jolie.
“Ma Jolie”
49,2,3
554
Qualities
The triangle in Picasso’s Ma Jolie’s lower right
section is painting in this manner.
strung like a guitar or zither
49,2,3
555
Objects
A mass of geometric shapes implies this abstracted
form in Ma Jolie.
a human body
49,2,3
556
Qualities
These two qualities describe Picasso’s brushstrokes in
Ma Jolie.
thick and choppy
49,2,3
557
Objects
A hint of this facial feature in Picasso’s Ma Jolie
provides some realism in the work.
a smile
49,2,3
558
Qualities
This quality distorts the space in Picasso’s Ma Jolie.
the ambiguity of a light source
49,2,3
559
Terms
The dark upper left area creates this effect in
Picasso’s Ma Jolie.
a sense of space
49,2,3
560
Subjects
This aspect of Picasso’s Ma Jolie roots the painting in
tradition.
its depiction of a female muse
playing a musical instrument
49,2,3
561
Qualities
This aspect of Picasso’s Ma Jolie rejects traditional
rules of painting.
the fragmentation of form and
space
49,2,3
562
Objects
Picasso’s work questions the value of representing
these two elements of the real world in art.
three-dimensional space and the
image of a person
49,2,3
563
Styles And
Genres
Picasso’s Ma Jolie belongs to this artistic movement.
High Analytic Cubism
50,1,1
564
People
This art critic described Braque’s landscape paintings
as mere petits cubes.
Louis Vauxcelles
50,1,1
565
Institutions
This society’s 1911 exhibit popularized the term
“Cubism.”
Salon des Indépendants
50,1,1
566
People
This artist’s multiple treatments of a single subject
inspired Cubist artists.
Paul Cézanne
50,1,2
567
Art Forms
These three non-western art forms influenced
Cubism.
Iberian sculptures and African
and Oceanic masks
50,1,2
568
Styles And
Genres
Picasso and Braque’s works between 1909 and 1911
belonged to this movement.
Analytic Cubism
50,1,3
569
Terms
Analytic Cubist paintings dissect and rearrange these
elements of their subjects.
formal elements
50,1,3
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Styles And
Genres
Picasso and Braque’s use of collage from 1912 began
this artistic movement.
Synthetic Cubism
50,1,4
571
Objects
Picasso and Braque used these three materials in
their Synthetic Cubist paintings.
wallpaper, newspaper, and fabrics
50,1,4
572
Qualities
Synthetic Cubism was a fundamental challenge to
this model.
the academic division between
artistic disciplines
50,1,4
573
Styles And
Genres
Juan Gris and Fernand Léger drew on this
movement.
Cubism
50,2,1
574
Places
This room housed the 1911 Cubist exhibition at the
Salon des Indépendants.
Salle 41
50,2,1
575
Styles And
Genres
Cubism influenced these four artistic movements.
Constructivism, Futurism, Dada,
and Surrealism
50,2,2
576
People
Cubism inspired this Mexican muralist who lived in
Paris during World War I.
Diego Rivera
50,2,2
577
Art Forms
Cubist ideals influenced these three art forms.
painting, sculpture, and
architecture
50,2,2
578
Effects
Picasso’s international acclaim granted him this
advantage in his late career.
artistic freedom
51,1,1
579
People
This German Expressionist captured urban Europe’s
unease prior to World War I.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
51,1,1
580
Groups
This group persecuted Ernst Ludwig Kirchner in the
1930s.
the Nazi Party
51,1,1
581
Places
This German state was the birthplace of Ernst
Ludwig Kirchner.
Bavaria
51,1,2
582
Places
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner grew up in these two
countries.
Germany and Switzerland
51,1,2
583
Terms
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner initially studied this discipline
to please his parents.
architecture
51,1,2
584
Places
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner moved to this German city in
1901 to study architecture.
Dresden
51,1,2
585
Places
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner took formal art classes while
studying in this city from 1903 to 1904.
Munich
51,1,2
586
Terms
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner earned his degree in this
discipline in 1905.
engineering
51,1,2
587
Art Forms
These two disciplines attracted Ernst Ludwig
Kirchner despite his architectural training.
painting and sculpture
51,1,2
588
Groups
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner founded this group in
Dresden in 1905.
Die Brücke
51,1,3
589
Terms
Die Brücke has this English meaning.
“The Bridge”
51,1,3
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People
These four architecture students founded Die Brücke
in 1905.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz
Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Karl
Schmidt-Rottluff
51,1,3
591
Places
This location housed the Die Brücke studio in 1906.
a former butcher’s shop
51,1,3
592
Effects
The Die Brücke artists strove to create this effect
through their art.
to bridge past and present art
traditions
51,1,3
593
Events
The Die Brücke artists held this event in 1906.
their first exhibition
51,1,4
594
Places
The Die Brücke artists moved to this city in 1911.
Berlin
51,1,4
595
Effects
The Die Brücke artists’ move to Berlin caused this
change in their styles.
divergence from one another
51,1,4
596
Texts
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner declared that he alone had
developed Die Brücke in this 1913 text.
Chronik der Brücke (Brücke
Chronicle)
51,1,4
597
Effects
Chronik der Brücke had these two impacts on the
Die Brücke artists.
Kirchner’s strained relationship
with them, and the group’s
dissolution
51,1,4
598
Tools
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner began training with this
military weapon in 1915.
mounted artillery
51,2,1
599
Causes
This occurrence released Ernst Ludwig Kirchner from
military service in 1915.
a mental breakdown
51,2,1
600
Places
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner recovered at sanatoria in this
country after a mental breakdown.
Switzerland
51,2,1
601
Art Forms
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner revisited this passion while
recovering from a mental breakdown.
painting
51,2,1
602
Places
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner settled in this Swiss city after
recovering from a mental breakdown.
Davos
51,2,1
603
People
This woman and life-long partner to Ernst Ludwig
Kirchner lived with him in Davos.
Erna Schilling
51,2,1
604
Subjects
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner began to paint these two
kinds of subjects while living in Davos.
landscapes and animal life
51,2,1
605
Art Forms
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner began practicing these two
crafts in Davos.
wooden sculptures and tapestry
designs
51,2,1
606
Subjects
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner began to write about this
subject in the 1920s.
his theories of art
51,2,2
607
Places
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner traveled this country in the
1920s to exhibit his art.
Germany
51,2,2
608
Institutions
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner became a member of this
Berlin academy in 1931.
the Prussian Academy of Arts
51,2,2
609
Effects
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner gained this recognition in
Germany by the 1930s.
the purchase of his work by
major museums
51,2,2
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Effects
The Nazi Party led this effort against Kirchner’s art
in the 1930s.
the removal of over six hundred
Kirchner works from museums
51,2,2
611
Events
The Nazi Party showed over 30 Kirchner works at
this 1937 exhibition.
the Degenerate Art Exhibition
51,2,2
612
Causes
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner died by this means in 1938.
a self-inflicted gunshot wound
51,2,2
613
Subjects
Kirchner’s paintings between 1913 and 1915 depicted
this setting.
the streets of Berlin
52,1,1
614
Numbers
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner produced this many major
canvases in oil between 1913 and 1915.
seven
52,1,1
615
Groups
Kirchner’s works from 1913 to 1915 focused on the
dehumanizing relationship between these two
groups.
female prostitutes and their
potential male clients
52,1,1
616
Artworks
This 1913 Kirchner work portrays a bustling city from
a seemingly impossible vantage point.
Street, Berlin
52,1,2
617
Objects
All the men depicted in Kirchner’s Street, Berlin wear
these two articles of clothing.
an overcoat and a hat
52,1,2
618
Objects
These three elements separate the distant men from
the foreground of Kirchner’s Street, Berlin.
a street, headlights, and the front
wheels of a car
52,1,2
619
Numbers
This many men are shown in the distance of
Kirchner’s Street, Berlin.
five
52,1,2
620
Objects
A man peers at this structure in the right foreground
of Kirchner’s Street, Berlin.
a shop window
52,1,2
621
Objects
These forms suggest the faces of the four men
behind the women in Kirchner’s Street, Berlin.
peach blotches slashed with black
lines
52,1,2
622
Qualities
These two qualities distinguish the women from the
men in Kirchner’s Street, Berlin.
their distinct clothing and the
clarity of their facial features
52,2,1
623
Terms
The women’s feet and arms in Kirchner’s Street,
Berlin convey this quality.
motion
52,2,1
624
Effects
This action links the women together in Kirchner’s
Street, Berlin.
a conspiratorial glance
52,2,1
625
Objects
The woman on the left in Kirchner’s Street, Berlin
wears these two distinct articles.
a purple, fur-collared dress and a
feathered hat
52,2,1
626
Objects
The woman on the right in Kirchner’s Street Berlin
wears this distinct article.
a collared blue and black coat
52,2,1
627
Terms
Kirchner portrayed the women in Street, Berlin as
being involved in this business.
prostitution
53,1,1
628
Qualities
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner conveys this emotional defect
in the figures of Street, Berlin.
a lack of genuine human
connection
53,1,2
629
Colors
The sidewalks and pavement of Kirchner’s Street,
Berlin are of these two hues.
pink and red
53,1,2
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630
Colors
This color frames Kirchner’s Street, Berlin on both
sides.
vivid green
53,1,2
631
Styles And
Genres
This German art movement aimed to depict the
inner workings of the mind.
Expressionism
53,1,3
632
Groups
The Die Brücke movement paralleled this group.
the Fauves
53,1,3
633
People
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner denied any connection to the
work of this contemporary French artist.
Henri Matisse
53,1,3
634
People
This German philosopher influenced the Die Brücke
artists.
Friedrich Nietzsche
53,1,4
635
Texts
A bridge appears as a motif in this Nietzsche text.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
53,1,4
636
Subjects
Nietzsche used a bridge as a metaphor for this
condition in Thus Spoke Zarathustra.
contradictory states of human
civilization
53,1,4
637
Groups
Die Brücke artists observed these subjects to aid
them in painting the human form.
models
53,2,1
638
Qualities
Die Brücke artists wanted to capture the body in this
state.
in movement
53,2,1
639
Qualities
Die Brücke work used color for this purpose.
expressiveness
53,2,2
640
Artworks
This 1913 Kirchner painting treats a city scene with
pessimism and harshness.
Street, Berlin
53,2,2
641
Terms
Wassily Kandinsky began his career in this
profession.
law
54,1,1
642
Places
This city was Wassily Kandinsky’s birthplace.
Moscow
54,1,2
643
Places
Wassily Kandinsky spent most of his childhood in
this city.
Odessa
54,1,2
644
Terms
Wassily Kandinsky received a degree in these two
disciplines in 1893.
law and economics
54,1,2
645
Numbers
Wassily Kandinsky began to study painting at this
age.
30
54,1,2
646
Places
Wassily Kandinsky moved to this city to undertake
formal art training in 1896.
Munich
54,1,2
647
Terms
Wassily Kandinsky often painted landscapes in this
setting.
en plain air
54,1,2
648
Institutions
Wassily Kandinsky taught at this art school from
1902.
the Phalanxschule
54,1,3
649
People
Wassily Kandinsky traveled from 1904 to 1908 with
this woman, who was a former art student.
Gabriele Münter
54,1,3
650
People
This artist’s work interested Wassily Kandinsky
during his travels from 1904 to 1908.
Paul Gauguin
54,1,3
651
Places
Wassily Kandinsky and Gabriele Münter settled in
these two places from 1908.
Munich and Murnau
54,1,4
ART FLASHCARDS
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652
Subjects
Wassily Kandinsky’s treatment of this subject became
increasingly abstract while living in Murnau.
landscapes
54,1,4
653
Terms
Wassily Kandinsky’s 1908 work emphasized these two
elements.
color and flattening the illusion of
space
54,1,4
654
Styles And
Genres
Wassily Kandinsky shifted to this stylistic approach
after 1909.
abstraction
54,1,4
655
Artworks
The titles of these three 1909 works reflect Wassily
Kandinsky’s shift towards abstraction.
Impression, Composition, and
Improvisation
54,1,4
656
Timeline
This 1911 to 1914 period of Kandinsky’s career
explored the spiritual role of art.
Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter)
period
54,1,5
657
Texts
This 1912 book by Kandinsky and Marc included art
reproductions and theoretical essays.
The Blue Rider Almanac
54,1,5
658
People
This artist wrote The Blue Rider Almanac with
Wassily Kandinsky.
Franz Marc
54,1,5
659
Qualities
Wassily Kandinsky believed this quality made nonWestern art more spiritual than academic art.
its primitivism
54,1,5
660
Events
This event forced Wassily Kandinsky to leave
Germany, interrupting his artistic progress.
World War I
54,2,1
661
People
World War I separated Wassily Kandinsky from this
woman, thus ending their relationship.
Gabriele Münter
54,2,1
662
Art Forms
Wassily Kandinsky produced pieces in these two
media during World War I.
watercolors and drawings
54,2,1
663
People
This woman married Wassily Kandinsky in Moscow
in 1917.
Nina von Andreyeskaya
55,1,1
664
People
Wassily Kandinsky met these three avant-garde
artists upon his return to Moscow in 1917.
Kazimir Malevich, Aleksaandr
Rodchenko, and Vladimir Tatlin
55,1,1
665
Terms
Wassily Kandinsky took on these two roles in
Moscow after the 1917 Revolution.
art administrator and teacher
55,1,1
666
People
This Bauhaus director invited Kandinsky to Germany
in 1921.
Walter Gropius
55,1,2
667
Institutions
Wassily Kandinsky taught painting, design, and
theory at this German school.
Bauhaus
55,1,2
668
Terms
The Nazi Party gave Wassily Kandinsky’s work this
label in the 1930s.
“degenerate”
55,1,2
669
Places
Wassily Kandinsky moved to this city in 1933.
Paris
55,1,2
670
Qualities
Wassily Kandinsky’s Paris artwork began to
incorporate these forms.
organic forms
55,1,2
671
Materials
These two materials’ rarity during World War II
forced Wassily Kandinsky to explore new media.
large canvasses and oil paints
55,1,2
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672
Art Forms
Wassily Kandinsky gravitated towards these two
media in his late career.
watercolor and drawing
55,1,2
673
Places
Wassily Kandinsky died in this city in 1944.
Paris
55,1,2
674
Artworks
This large 1914 Kandinsky painting sought to liberate
art from the burden of representation.
Little Painting with Yellow
(Improvisation)
55,2,1
675
Terms
These three abstract forms make up Kandinsky’s
Little Painting with Yellow.
swirls of colors, blotches, and
intersecting lines
55,2,1
676
Colors
These four warm, earthy colors dominate the canvas
in Kandinsky’s Little Painting with Yellow.
yellow, gold, red, and cream
55,2,1
677
Colors
These two cool colors provide balance to Kandinsky’s
Little Painting with Yellow’s composition.
blue and green
55,2,1
678
Causes
This arrangement in Kandinsky’s Little Painting with
Yellow provides a sense of depth.
overlapping forms
55,2,2
679
Terms
Kandinsky’s Little Painting with Yellow lacks these
two elements of a traditional composition.
background and foreground
55,2,2
680
Events
Wassily Kandinsky began to produce his
World War I
55,2,3
Improvisations at the start of this period.
681
Causes
This quality in Kandinsky’s Little Painting with
Yellow may reflect the anxiety of its time.
chaos
55,2,3
682
Art Forms
Wassily Kandinsky theorized the connection between
this discipline and the visual arts.
music
55,2,4
683
Texts
This 1912 Kandinsky text argued that both art and
music could lead to spiritual renewal.
Concerning the Spiritual in Art
55,2,4
684
Groups
Russian artists living in Germany led this group from
1911 to 1914.
Der Blaue Reiter
55,2,5
685
Effects
Der Blaue Reiter artists emphasized these two
color’s expressive qualities and
art’s transformative role in society
55,2,5
theories in their artwork.
686
Styles And
Genres
Der Blaue Reiter belonged to this movement.
Expressionism
55,2,5
687
Causes
This practice was Wassily Kandinsky’s unique
contribution to modern art.
the renouncement of
representation
56,1,1
688
Styles And
Genres
Wassily Kandinsky’s work influenced this nonobjective artistic movement.
Abstract Expressionism
56,1,1
689
People
This 20th century French artist challenged
established ideas about art and its meaning.
Marcel Duchamp
56,1,2
690
Terms
Marcel Duchamp abandoned art for this pursuit in
his late career.
chess
56,1,2
691
Places
Marcel Duchamp was born in this French region in
1877.
Upper Normandy
56,1,3
ART FLASHCARDS
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692
People
This relative of Marcel Duchamp’s was a painter and
engraver.
his maternal grandfather
56,1,3
693
People
These two artists were Marcel Duchamp’s brothers.
Jacques Villon and Raymond
Duchamp-Villon
56,1,3
694
People
This artist was Marcel Duchamp’s sister.
Suzanne Duchamp-Crotti
56,1,3
695
Terms
This type of painting inspired Marcel Duchamp’s
first works.
Impressionist landscapes
56,1,4
696
Institutions
Marcel Duchamp enrolled in this Academy from 1904
to 1905.
Adadémie Julian
56,1,4
697
Qualities
These two notions underpinned much of Marcel
Duchamp’s early work.
humor and satire
56,1,4
698
Art Forms
Marcel Duchamp created these drawings for Parisian
journals in his early career.
cartoons
56,1,4
699
Styles And
Genres
This artistic movement influenced Marcel Duchamp’s
early work.
Cubism
56,1,5
700
Artworks
A jury of Cubists found this 1912 Duchamp painting
displeasing.
Nude Descending a Staircase No.
2
56,1,5
701
Institutions
Marcel Duchamp submitted Nude Descending a
Staircase No. 2 to this society.
Salon des Indépendants
56,1,5
702
Qualities
Marcel Duchamp depicted his subject in this state in
Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2.
in motion
56,1,5
703
Effects
This act occurred after a Cubist jury rejected
Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 in
1912.
Duchamp’s withdrawal of his
artwork
56,1,5
704
Events
Marcel Duchamp showed Nude Descending a
Staircase No. 2 at this 1913 exhibit.
the Armory Show
56,1,5
705
Terms
Marcel Duchamp’s interest in these two non-art
disciplines influenced his art.
science and math
56,2,1
706
Causes
This Duchamp statement summarizes the intention
of his art.
“to put art back in the service of
the mind”
56,2,1
707
Artworks
This 1913 Duchamp piece was his first readymade.
Bicycle Wheel
57,1,1
708
Objects
These two manufactured items comprise Duchamp’s
Bicycle Wheel.
a bicycle wheel and a stool
57,1,1
709
Causes
Marcel Duchamp’s ready-mades argued that this
action involved aesthetic contemplation.
selecting and arranging utilitarian
goods
57,1,1
710
Causes
This ailment prevented Marcel Duchamp from
serving in World War I.
a heart issue
57,1,2
711
Places
Marcel Duchamp moved to this city in 1915.
New York City
57,1,2
712
People
Marcel Duchamp met these two Dada artists upon
moving to New York.
Man Ray and Francis Picabia
57,1,2
713
Terms
Marcel Duchamp earned this title in his late career.
chess master
57,2,1
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714
Places
Marcel Duchamp’s art shaped the tastes of collectors
of these two regions.
the United States and Europe
57,2,2
715
Styles And
Genres
Marcel Duchamp designed exhibitions for and
produced treatises on this movement.
Surrealism
57,2,2
716
Artworks
This 1917 Duchamp piece featured a rotated
porcelain urinal.
Fountain
58,1,1
717
People
This Duchamp pseudonym is signed in black paint
on Fountain.
R. Mutt
58,1,1
718
Causes
Duchamp’s Fountain proposed that a work of art did
not require this action.
an artist’s labor
58,1,1
719
People
This man photographed Duchamp’s original Fountain
in 1917.
Alfred Stieglitz
58,1,2
720
Objects
Marcel Duchamp authorized these creations based
on his early readymades.
replicas
58,1,2
721
Institutions
Marcel Duchamp submitted Fountain to this New
York society founded in 1916.
Society of Independent Artists
58,1,3
722
Causes
This intention motivated the formation of the Society
of Independent Artists.
to showcase avant-garde artworks
58,1,3
723
Terms
Marcel Duchamp held this position in the Society of
Independent Artists in 1917.
board member
58,1,3
724
Effects
The Society of Independent Artists’ negative
reception of Duchamp’s Fountain motivated this
action.
Marcel Duchamp’s resignation
from the Society of Independent
Artists
58,1,3
725
Texts
This Dada journal volume opened with reactions to
Duchamp’s Fountain and its rejection.
The Blind Man
58,1,3
726
Terms
Duchamp’s text in The Blind Man asserts that these
two accomplishments are the only American works
of art.
plumbing and bridges
58,2,6
727
Terms
Marcel Duchamp ultimately valued artwork
according to this criterion.
its concept
59,1,1
728
Styles And
Genres
This movement’s concerns and approaches align with
those in Duchamp’s Fountain.
Dada
59,1,2
729
Places
Dada originated in this Swiss city in 1916.
Zurich
59,1,2
730
Terms
Dada involved figures of these three media.
literature, visual arts, and theater
59,1,2
731
Qualities
Dada’s name was most likely chosen to evoke this
quality.
nonsense
59,1,3
732
People
These four artists are key figures of the Dada
movement.
Trista Tzara, Hugo Ball, Hannah
Höch, and Francis Picabia
59,1,3
733
Places
Several Dada artists met in this neutral territory
during World War I.
Switzerland
59,1,3
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734
Qualities
Dada artists embraced these two qualities in their
work.
irrationality and nonsense
59,1,4
735
Groups
Dada artists believed rational thought led to this
state of humankind.
the bourgeois capital society
59,1,4
736
Terms
This term coined by Marcel Duchamp describes art
created for visual consumption.
“retinal art”
59,2,1
737
Numbers
Marcel Duchamp produced approximately this many
readymades.
20
59,2,1
738
Artworks
This Duchamp readymade consists of the title
painted on a snow shovel.
In Advance of the Broken Arm
59,2,1
739
People
This architect took part in founding the Bauhaus
School.
Walter Gropius
59,2,3
740
Structures
Walter Gropius designed these three types of
buildings throughout his career.
private homes, schools, and highrise office buildings
59,2,3
741
Terms
Walter Gropius contributed the popularization of
this font.
sans-serif font
59,2,3
742
Places
This city was Walter Gropius’s birthplace.
Berlin
60,1,1
743
People
These two relations of Walter Gropius’ were also
architects.
his father and great-uncle
60,1,1
744
Causes
Walter Gropius’ difficulties with these two actions
made architecture an unlikely path for him.
drawing and holding a pencil
60,1,1
745
People
Walter Gropius began to work at this man’s Berlin
firm in 1908.
Peter Behrens
60,1,1
746
People
Walter Gropius met these three famous architects
while working at Behrens’s firm.
Adolf Meyer, Mies van der Rohe,
and Charles-Édouard Jeanneret
(Le Corbusier)
60,1,1
747
Institutions
Walter Gropius became this institution’s director in
1919.
the Bauhaus School
60,2,1
748
People
Walter Gropius hired these two painters to work at
the Bauhaus School in 1919.
Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee
60,2,1
749
Art Forms
These courses were only introduced in the later years
of the Bauhaus School.
architecture
60,2,1
750
Groups
These associations inspired the Bauhaus School’s
hands-on approach.
medieval guilds
60,2,1
751
Subjects
The Bauhaus supported this teaching model inspired
by the medieval production of grand works.
the integration of the arts
60,2,1
752
Media
The Bauhaus curriculum included these four art
forms.
painting, sculpture, architecture,
and design
60,2,1
753
Places
The Bauhaus moved to this German city in 1925.
Dessau
60,2,2
ART FLASHCARDS
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754
Effects
This change took place at the Bauhaus School in
1928.
Walter Gropius’s resignation
60,2,2
755
Institutions
Walter Gropius dedicated himself to the design of
this type of facility after leaving the Bauhaus in 1928.
public housing
60,2,2
756
People
Walter Gropius worked with this British architect in
1934.
Maxwell Fry
60,2,3
757
Places
Walter Gropius moved from Great Britain to this
country in the 1930s.
the United States
60,2,3
758
Institutions
Walter Gropius began teaching at this American
university in the 1930s.
Harvard Graduate School
60,2,3
759
People
Walter Gropius taught at Harvard Graduate School
with this former Bauhaus colleague.
Marcel Breuer
60,2,3
760
Structures
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer integrated form
and function in the design of this 1940 house.
Alan I W Frank House
60,2,3
761
Places
The Alan I W Frank House stands in this American
city.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
60,2,3
762
Structures
This building was Walter Gropius’s last major
project.
Tower East
60,2,3
763
Places
Walter Gropius’s Tower East stands in this American
city.
Shaker Heights, Ohio
60,2,3
764
Places
Walter Gropius died in 1969 as a naturalized citizen
of this country.
the United States
60,2,3
765
Structures
Walter Gropius designed this site from 1925 to 1926.
the Bauhaus campus in Dessau
60,2,4
766
Causes
This goal motivated Walter Gropius’s design of the
Bauhaus campus in Dessau.
the creation of an ideal
environment for art production
60,2,4
767
Structures
These three buildings are the main components of
Walter Gropius’s Bauhaus design.
the workshop building, the studio
building, and the vocational
school
60,2,4
768
Structures
These two structures connected the various buildings
of Gropius’s Bauhaus.
bridges and wings
60,2,4
769
Qualities
The architectural uniqueness of each building in
Gropius’s Bauhaus reflects this characteristic.
the structure’s particular function
60,2,4
770
Structures
This Bauhaus wing demonstrates Walter Gropius’s
ideals for the International Style.
the workshop wing
60,2,5
771
Styles And
Genres
This post-World War I architectural form rejected
superfluous details and historical and nationalistic
reference.
the International Style
60,2,5
772
Materials
A curtain wall of this material projects from the
façade of the workshop wing of Gropius’s Bauhaus.
glass
60,2,5
ART FLASHCARDS
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773
Materials
These two materials are the main components of
Gropius’s Bauhaus.
concrete and glass
61,1,1
774
Terms
The word Bauhaus on the side of the workshop
building popularized this type of typefaces in the
20th century.
sans-serif typefaces
61,1,1
775
Qualities
The sans-serif font of the word Bauhaus on the side
of the building has this quality.
curvilinear
61,1,1
776
Styles And
Genres
This Dutch movement rejected historical and
nationalistic references and appealed to human
spirituality.
De Stijl
61,2,1
777
Structures
This Gropius structure was the German
manifestation of the International style.
Bauhaus
61,2,1
778
Terms
International Style artists opposed this creed that led
to wars.
nationalism
61,2,2
779
People
These two architects famously displayed the
International Style in their 20th century designs.
Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd
Wright
61,2,2
780
Qualities
Italian Futurists used these three negative terms to
characterize the past.
“romantic,” “sentimental,” and
“feminine”
65,2,1
781
People
This poet and publisher advocated Futurism in his
1909 text.
Filippo Marinetti
65,2,1
782
Texts
This 1909 Marinetti text described the goals of
Futurism.
Manifesto of Futurism
65,2,1
783
Terms
These three interests fascinated Futurists.
modern technology, speed, and
anti-tradition social agitation
65,2,2
784
Effects
Filippo Marinetti stated in Manifesto of Futurism
that Futurists had these two goals.
“to glorify war” and “to demolish
museums and libraries”
65,2,3
785
Terms
Filippo Marinetti promoted Futurism as the artistic
manifestation of this political movement.
Fascism
66,1,1
786
Places
Umberto Boccioni was born in this Italian city in
1882.
Reggio di Calabria
66,1,2
787
Places
Umberto Boccioni studied painting in this city from
1901.
Rome
65,1,2
788
People
This painter taught Umberto Boccioni in Rome
during his early career and later joined him as a
Futurist.
Giacomo Balla
66,1,2
789
Places
Umberto Boccioni frequently traveled to these four
places in his twenties.
Russia, Paris, Milan, and Venice
65,1,2
790
Places
Umberto Boccioni settled in this Italian city in 1907.
Milan
66,1,2
791
Institutions
This artistic society hosted exhibitions that Umberto
Boccioni frequented.
Famiglia Artistica
66,1,2
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
792
People
Umberto Boccioni met this poet at the Famiglia
Artistica.
793
Texts
Umberto Boccioni contributed to these two texts on
Futurist theories in 1910.
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
66,1,2
Manifesto of Futurist Painting
66,1,2
and the Technical Manifesto of
Futurist Painting
794
Places
Umberto Boccioni traveled to this city in the fall of
1911.
Paris
66,1,2
795
People
This Cubist sculptor influenced Umberto Boccioni
during his stay in Paris in 1911.
Raymond Duchamp-Villon
66,2,1
796
Media
Umberto Boccioni began to devote himself to this art
form from 1912.
sculpture
66,2,1
797
Texts
Umberto Boccioni published this Futurist text in 1912.
Technical Manifesto of Futurist
Sculpture
66,2,1
798
Texts
Umberto Boccioni wrote this book in 1914.
Futurist Painting and Sculpture
66,2,1
(Plastic Dynamism)
799
Numbers
Umberto Boccioni died at this age.
33
66,2,1
800
Causes
This occurrence led to Umberto Boccioni’s death in
1916.
an accident during a World War I
cavalry training exercise
66,2,1
801
Materials
Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity in Space was
cast in this material.
plaster
67,1,1
802
Materials
Two casts of Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity
in Space were made in this material in 1931.
bronze
67,1,1
803
Artworks
This 1909 Boccioni sculpture depicts an abstracted
human figure in motion.
Unique Forms of Continuity in
Space
67,1,2
804
Objects
Umberto Boccioni did not detail this feature of the
figure in Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.
its face
67,1,2
805
Objects
These body parts are missing from the figure in
Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.
arms
67,1,2
806
Objects
This kind of form creates a sense of motion in
Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity in Space.
curvilinear, feathery forms
flowing around and from the
body
67,1,2
807
Effects
The 1909 Futurist Manifesto gave this directive to
younger artists.
to throw Futurists “in the
wastebasket like useless
manuscripts” when they are 40
years old
67,2,1
808
Places
Marsden Hartley was born in this American city in
1877.
Cleveland
67,2,3
ART FLASHCARDS
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809
Places
Marsden Hartley received formal artistic training in
these two cities.
Cleveland and New York
67,2,3
810
Places
Marsden Hartley moved to this city in 1909.
New York City
67,2,3
811
People
This avant-garde artist exhibited Marsden Hartley’s
work at his New York gallery.
Alfred Stieglitz
67,2,3
812
Institutions
This Alfred Stieglitz gallery exhibited Marsden
Hartley’s early work.
291 Gallery
67,2,3
813
Places
Marsden Hartley traveled to this city in 1912.
Paris
67,2,3
814
People
Marsden Hartley met this art collector during his
travels to Paris in 1912.
Gertrude Stein
67,2,3
815
People
These two painters inspired Marsden Hartley during
his 1912 visit to Paris.
Matisse and Picasso
67,2,3
816
Places
Marsden Hartley stayed in this city from 1913 to 1916.
Berlin
67,2,4
817
People
These two German Expressionists inspired Marsden
Hartley during his stay in Berlin from 1913 to 1916.
Wassily Kandinsky and Franz
Marc
67,2,4
818
Terms
Berlin was known for this subculture in the early
20th century.
a lively homosexual subculture
67,2,4
819
Subjects
Marsden Hartley’s 1914 work reflected these two
intentions.
to depict his fascination with the
pageantry of war and to reject its
destructive forces
67,2,4
820
Terms
This term refers to the paintings Marsden Hartley
produced in Berlin in 1914.
War Motif paintings
67,2,4
821
Styles And
Genres
Marsden Hartley’s War Motif paintings reveal the
influence of these two movements.
Cubism and Expressionism
67,2,4
822
Places
Marsden Hartley lived and worked in these seven
places after World War I.
the American east coast, New
Mexico, Mexico, Bermuda,
Bavaria, Nova Scotia, and the
south of France
68,1,1
823
Places
Marsden Hartley lived in this American state from
1937 until his death in 1943.
Maine
68,1,1
824
Subjects
Marsden Hartley’s late works depict these two
subject matters.
landscapes and seascapes of
Maine
68,1,1
825
Artworks
This 1914 Hartley painting challenges the meaning of
portraiture as a genre.
Portrait of a German Officer
68,1,2
826
Objects
These two elements overlap over black in Hartley’s
Portrait of a German Officer.
geometric patterns and
curvilinear shapes
68,1,2
827
Colors
These seven hues make up the palette in Hartley’s
Portrait of a German Officer.
black, white, gray, red, gold, blue,
and green
68,1,2
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828
Objects
This German military symbol appears top and center
in Hartley’s Portrait of a German Officer.
the Iron Cross
68,2,1
829
Places
The Iron Cross was a military decoration awarded in
this kingdom.
Prussia
68,2,1
830
Places
The checkered and striped flags in Hartley’s Portrait
of a German Officer make reference to these two
states.
the German Empire and Bavaria
68,2,1
831
Colors
These six colors found in Hartley’s Portrait of a
German Officer refer to the German Empire.
red, black, white, green, yellow,
and blue
68,2,1
832
People
Badges and medals in Hartley’s Portrait of a German
Officer directly refer to this officer.
Karl von Freyburg
68,2,2
833
Objects
Karl von Freyburg earned this medal after being
killed in World War I.
the Iron Cross
68,2,2
834
Numbers
This number appears near Karl von Freyburg’s
initials in Hartley’s Portrait of a German Officer.
24
68,2,2
835
Numbers
This number of Karl von Freyburg’s regiment is
depicted in Hartley’s Portrait of a German Officer.
4
68,2,2
836
Qualities
Scholars speculate that Marsden Hartley had this
type of relationship with Karl von Freyburg.
romantic
68,2,3
837
Events
Marsden Hartley witnessed many of these two types
of events while living in Berlin.
militaristic pageants and parades
68,2,4
838
Terms
Marsden Hartley used these two elements to capture
urban military spectacle in Germany.
bright colors and intersecting
forms
68,2,4
839
Styles And
Genres
Marsden Hartley favored the organic forms and
symbolic language of this movement while in Berlin.
Expressionism
68,2,5
840
Subjects
Marsden Hartley disagreed with this Futurist
principle.
violence towards the past
68,2,5
841
Subjects
Marsden Hartley’s World War I paintings convey this
intention.
to find a means to mourn the
tragedy of war
68,2,5
842
People
This artist became famous for his caricatures and
paintings mocking post-World War I society.
George Grosz
69,1,1
843
Places
George Grosz grew up in this now-Polish region of
Germany.
the Pomeranian region
69,1,1
844
Institutions
George Grosz studied at this academy from 1909 to
1911.
Dresden Academy of Fine Arts
69,1,1
845
Institutions
George Grosz studied at this school in 1912.
Berlin College of Arts and Crafts
69,1,1
846
Institutions
George Grosz moved to Paris to study at this school.
Académie Colarossi
69,1,1
ART FLASHCARDS
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847
Actions
Illness prevented George Grosz from this activity in
1914 and 1917.
volunteering for military service
69,2,1
848
Subjects
George Grosz radically opposed this ideal by 1917.
German nationalism
69,2,1
849
Causes
This reason motivated George Grosz to add an “e” to
the end of his first name.
his affinity for the United States
and Great Britain
69,2,1
850
Groups
George Grosz joined this party after World War I
ended.
the Communist Party
69,2,2
851
Subjects
George Grosz’s 1920s art reflected this radical stance.
opposition to the Weimar
Republic
69,2,2
852
Subjects
George Grosz used this figure to represent the
bourgeoisie becoming rich at the poor’s expense.
the fat man with the cigar
69,2,2
853
Subjects
George Grosz used this figure to represent the
common citizen’s forgotten sacrifices.
the disheveled soldier
69,2,2
854
Groups
George Grosz openly criticized this German party
that emerged in the 1920s.
the Nazi Party
69,2,3
855
Places
George Grosz immigrated to this country in 1932.
the United States
69,2,3
856
Subjects
George Grosz focused on these two types of subjects
in his later works.
landscapes and conventional
subjects
69,2,3
857
Places
George Grosz spent most of his late career teaching
art in this city.
New York
69,2,3
858
Places
George Grosz died in this city in 1959.
Berlin
69,2,3
859
Artworks
This 1920 Grosz watercolor and pencil drawing
depicts two figures on a deserted urban street.
Republican Automatons
69,2,4
860
Structures
These two elements appear barren and lifeless
behind the figures in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons.
sidewalks and buildings
69,2,4
861
Objects
The figure on the right in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons wears this militaristic symbol.
the Iron Cross
69,2,4
862
Objects
The figure on the left in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons wears this type of hat.
a bowler hat
69,2,4
863
Objects
The figure on the left in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons carries this object.
the German flag
69,2,4
864
Objects
This type of shapes make up the figures’ arms in
Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
cylinders
69,2,5
865
Objects
This type of extremity replaces the hand of the figure
on the left in Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
a claw
69,2,5
866
Objects
This object replaces the leg of the figure on the left
in Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
a peg
69,2,5
ART FLASHCARDS
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867
12
This number replaces the facial features of the figure
on the left in Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
12
69,1,5
868
Tools
The body of the figure on the right includes this
mechanism in Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
a set of gears
70,1,1
869
Objects
These two types of extremities end the arms of the
figure on the right in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons.
an elbow and a peg
70,1,1
870
Objects
This object replaces the head of the figure on the
right in Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
an empty container
70,1,1
871
Subjects
These two types of symbols enter the empty head of
the figure on the right in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons.
numbers and words
70,1,1
872
Qualities
These two qualities describe Grosz’s style in
Republican Automatons.
linear and precise
70,1,2
873
Media
This artistic technique underpins Grosz’s Republican
Automatons.
drawing
70,1,2
874
Qualities
These two qualities describe Grosz’s color palette in
Republican Automatons.
cool and muted
70,1,2
875
Terms
Geometric lines and an absence of life define this
background element in Grosz’s Republican
Automatons.
the city’s architecture
70,1,2
876
People
The architecture in Grosz’s Republican Automatons
resembles that of this Greek-Italian contemporary.
Giorgio de Chirico
70,1,2
877
Qualities
Grosz’s Republican Automatons implies that the
Weimar Republic erodes this quality.
human identity
70,1,2
878
Styles And
Genres
Grosz’s Republican Automatons shows the influence
of these two artistic movements.
Surrealism and Dada
70,1,2
879
Terms
The Weimar Republic replaced this state in 1919.
the German Empire
70,2,1
880
Terms
This 1919 republic increased political tension and
caused hyperinflation in Germany.
the Weimar Republic
70,2,1
881
Qualities
Grosz conveys the ruling class as having these three
qualities in Republican Automatons.
unthinking, unfeeling, and moved
only by false notions of progress
70,2,1
882
Terms
This sentiment supersedes individual identity in
Grosz’s Republican Automatons.
nationalism
71,1,1
883
Artworks
James Montgomery Flagg intended this 1917 poster
for a broad public.
Wake Up, America!
71,1,2
884
Effects
Flagg’s Wake Up, America! critiqued this widespread
attitude.
disengagement with politics
71,1,2
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
885
Styles And
Genres
This type of art intended to spread a message to a
large audience and impact thoughts and behaviors.
propaganda
71,1,2
886
Places
World War I led to this country’s first widespread
propaganda campaign.
the United States
71,1,3
887
People
This American president established the Committee
on Public Information in 1917.
Woodrow Wilson
71,1,3
888
People
This journalist chaired the American Committee on
Public Information from 1917.
George Creel
71,1,3
889
Media
The American Committee on Public Information
used these four media to encourage support for
World War I.
radio, moving pictures,
newspapers, and posters
71,1,3
890
Subjects
The posters of the American Committee on Public
Information had these four goals.
to recruit, to fundraise, to
increase public war awareness,
and to encourage rationing
71,1,3
891
Qualities
These two qualities describe the American
Committee on Public Information’s posters.
forceful and concise
71,1,4
892
People
This American illustrator is famous for his depiction
of a confrontational Uncle Sam.
James Montgomery Flagg
71,2,1
893
Terms
These two texts were included with Uncle Sam’s
image in Flagg’s iconic poster.
“I Want You!” and the address of
the nearest military recruiting
center
71,2,1
894
People
James Montgomery Flagg used this model in his
depiction of Uncle Sam.
himself
71,2,1
895
Numbers
This many copies of Flagg’s Uncle Sam poster were
printed between 1917 and 1918.
4 million
71,2,1
896
Timeline
Flagg’s Uncle Sam poster was used for a second time
during this war.
World War II
71,2,1
897
Places
James Montgomery Flagg was born in this American
state in 1877.
New York
71,2,2
898
Numbers
James Montgomery Flagg published his first
illustration at this age.
12
71,2,2
899
Texts
These two magazines hired James Montgomery Flagg
by the age of 15.
Life and Judge
71,2,2
900
Institutions
James Montgomery Flagg studied at this school in
the 1890s.
Art Student League of New York
71,2,2
901
Places
James Montgomery Flagg traveled to these two cities
from 1898 to 1900.
London and Paris
71,2,2
902
Media
Illustrator James Montgomery Flagg experimented
with this art form throughout his career.
painting
71,2,2
903
Texts
Flagg’s Uncle Sam poster began as a cover
illustration for this magazine.
Leslie’s Weekly
72,1,1
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
904
Numbers
James Montgomery Flagg created this many images
in support of World War I.
46
72,1,1
905
Actions
The young woman is in this state in Flagg's Wake
asleep
72,2,1
Up, America!
906
Objects
The woman’s dress has these two components in
Flagg's Wake Up, America!
a red and white striped skirt and
a blue bodice
72,2,1
907
Objects
The woman wears this type of cap in Flagg's Wake
Phrygian cap
72,2,1
Up, America!
908
Groups
The Phrygian cap originally designated this type of
person in Ancient Rome.
those released from slavery
72,2,1
909
Subjects
The figure sits at a chair leading to this setting in
Flagg's Wake Up, America!
an ominous landscape
72,2,1
910
Qualities
These two qualities describe Flagg’s treatment of the
woman’s body and surroundings in Wake Up,
naturalistic and generalized
72,2,2
an overstuffed pillow
72,2,2
America!
911
Objects
The woman’s head lies on this object in Flagg's Wake
Up, America!
912
Colors
These two shades draw more attention to the red,
white, and blue of Flagg's Wake Up, America!
brown and gray
72,2,2
913
Qualities
The United States maintained this status during the
early years of World War I.
neutrality
73,1,1
914
Causes
This cause prompted the U.S. Congress to declare
war in 1917.
increasing German aggressiveness
73,1,1
915
Qualities
This aspect of the United States’ citizenry caused
differing opinions on entering World War I.
ethnic diversity
73,1,1
916
Places
American popular media expressed overwhelming
support for this country during World War I.
Great Britain
73,1,1
917
Subjects
Flagg’s Wake Up, America! used patriotism to
promote this message.
that entering World War I was a
matter of national importance
73,1,2
918
Objects
This symbol emphasized World War I’s defense of
liberty and freedom in Flagg’s Wake Up, America!
the Phrygian cap
73,1,2
919
Structures
This type of construction addressed the loss and
trauma of World War I.
memorials
73,1,3
920
Subjects
Many European World War I memorials were built
on this type of site.
battlefields
73,1,3
921
Places
This country did not erect as many memorials as did
European nations after World War I.
the United States
73,1,3
922
Subjects
War monuments tended to commemorate this act
prior to World War I.
war victories
73,2,1
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
923
Terms
This World War I statistic exceeded that of any other
war.
the death toll
73,2,1
924
Effects
World War I memorials had these two purposes.
providing a way to grieve and an
argument for continued peace
73,2,1
925
Objects
These three objects often represented the deceased
in home memorials after World War I.
photographs, letters, and medals
73,2,2
926
Terms
This type of World War I memorial intended to
attract a large audience.
public memorials
73,2,2
927
Terms
This type of memorial serves another function in
addition to commemorating the dead.
utilitarian memorials
73,2,3
928
Objects
These six constructions are examples of utilitarian
memorials.
parks, hospitals, museums,
bridges, clocks, and civic centers
73,2,3
929
Terms
This type of memorial serves no function beyond
acting as sites of remembrance.
non-utilitarian memorial
73,2,3
930
Structures
These three structures are the main examples of
non-utilitarian memorials.
arches, sculptures, and
monuments
73,2,3
931
Subjects
Tombs dedicated to this type of soldier became
common after World War I.
the unknown soldier
74,1,1
932
Structures
This tomb in Arlington Cemetery, Virginia represents
unidentified individuals lost in World War I.
Tomb of the Unknowns
74,1,1
933
Terms
This type of tomb represents individuals who were
never found or who were buried elsewhere.
cenotaph monument
74,1,1
934
Structures
This 1920 tomb in London was dedicated to lost
soldiers of World War I.
Cenotaph in Whitehall
74,1,1
935
Terms
November 11 serves as this holiday in the United
States.
Veteran’s Day
74,1,2
936
Terms
November 11 serves as this holiday in Europe.
Armistice Day
74,1,2
937
Groups
Some World War I memorials recognize this type of
group which includes soldiers from British and
French colonies.
people whose status was
marginalized
74,2,1
938
Terms
Italian and German memorials often depicted World
War I in ways that favored this movement.
Fascism
74,2,1
939
Qualities
This quality describes typical World War I memorial
architectural design.
conservative
75,1,1
940
Styles And
Genres
World War I memorial architecture draws on the
classical elements of these three styles.
Greek, Roman, and Renaissance
75,1,1
941
Objects
World War I memorial architecture referenced this
type of ancient tomb.
Egyptian tombs
75,1,1
942
Styles And
Genres
This type of design in English and French World War
I memorials referenced Christianity.
medieval design
75,1,1
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
943
Styles And
Genres
This simple and restrained style gave World War I
memorials a very modern look.
Art Deco
75,1,1
944
Terms
This type of figure allowed a universal interpretation
of the war in public World War I memorials.
allegorical figures
75,2,1
945
Subjects
This representation of the Virgin Mary with the dead
body of Christ was common in French World War I
memorials.
the Pietà
75,2,1
946
Places
This country’s separation of church and state made
the use of Christian imagery in memorials
problematic.
the United States
75,2,1
947
Subjects
These three costs were the main expenditures for
World War I memorials.
cost of materials, architects’ fees,
and maintenance fees
75,2,2
948
Groups
These two British groups commissioned and
maintained World War I memorials.
British War Memorials
Commission and Imperial War
Graves
75,2,2
949
Numbers
This many World War I monuments were erected in
French communes.
36,000
75,2,2
950
Terms
Memorials that are not publicly sponsored relied on
this type of funding.
charity
76,1,1
951
People
This Kansas City philanthropist led the Liberty
Memorial Association in planning a World War I
memorial.
Robert A. Long
76,1,2
952
Terms
The Liberty Memorial Association voted to build this
type of memorial in Kansas City.
non-utilitarian memorial
76,1,3
953
Subjects
This intention drove the construction of the Liberty
Memorial in Kansas City.
to represent the Kansas City
resident’s contributions to World
War I
76,1,3
954
Subjects
This type of contribution funded Kansas City’s
Liberty Memorial.
voluntary contributions from
residents
76,2,1
955
Numbers
This many dollars were raised for Kansas City’s
Liberty Memorial.
2.5 million
76,2,1
956
People
This man organized the committee that reviewed
designs for Kansas City’s Liberty Memorial.
Thomas Kimball
76,2,2
957
People
This New York architect designed the Liberty
Memorial in Kansas City.
Harold Van Buren Magonigle
76,2,2
958
Places
Harold Van Buren Magonigle was born in this
American state in 1867.
New Jersey
77,1,1
959
Places
Harold Van Buren Magonigle opened his own office
in this city in 1903.
New York
77,1,1
960
Structures
Harold Van Buren Magonigle designed this memorial
in Canton, Ohio.
William McKinley National
Memorial
77,1,1
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961
People
This woman’s sculptural decoration design for
Kansas City’s Liberty Memorial was eliminated due
to its cost.
Edith Magonigle
77,1,1
962
Structures
The Liberty Memorial is positioned across from this
structure in Kansas City.
Union Station
76,1,2
963
Structures
This 1926 World War I memorial is centrally located
in Kansas City.
the Liberty Memorial
77,1,2
964
Structures
Harold Van Buren Magonigle’s plan for the Liberty
Memorial consisted of these three structures.
a towering monument and two
buildings
72,2,1
965
Materials
This material makes up the Liberty Memorial’s
towering monument.
limestone
77,2,1
966
Numbers
The Liberty Memorial’s monument is this many feet
high.
217.5
77,2,1
967
Styles And
Genres
This style describes the clean lines and crisp details
of the Liberty Memorial shaft.
Art Deco
77,2,1
968
Styles And
Genres
Harold Van Buren Magonigle drew on elements of
this style in his Liberty Memorial design.
Egyptian Revival
77,2,1
969
Subjects
These four allegorical figures top the inset piers of
Magonigle’s Liberty Memorial shaft.
Courage, Sacrifice, Patriotism, and
Honor
78,1,1
970
Objects
A series of this kind of shape atop the shaft create
the look of a funeral pyre in Magonigle’s Liberty
Memorial.
circular rings
78,1,1
971
Objects
These two elements emerge from the top of the shaft
of Magonigle’s Liberty Memorial.
light and steam
78,1,1
972
Structures
This structure leads to the buildings on either side of
Magonigle’s Liberty Memorial monument.
staircase
78,1,2
973
Subjects
The buildings of Magonigle’s Liberty Memorial have
these two purposes.
to house a meeting hall and to
hold flags, trophies, and other
war relics
78,1,2
974
Institutions
This museum was added to the Liberty Memorial in
2006.
the National World War I
Museum
78,1,2
975
Places
Military commanders from these four countries
attended the ground breaking of the Liberty
Memorial.
Italy, France, Great Britain, and
Belgium
78,2,1
976
People
This general addressed the crowd at the Liberty
Memorial’s ground breaking.
General Pershing
78,2,1
977
People
This president dedicated the Liberty Memorial on
Armistice Day in 1926.
Calvin Coolidge
78,2,1
978
Events
The United States government commissioned
national memorials for these three wars.
the Vietnam War, the Korean
War, and World War II
78,2,2
ART FLASHCARDS
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979
Groups
This American committee established in 1923
oversees World War I monuments, memorials,
markers, and cemeteries.
the American Battle Monuments
Commission
78,2,2
980
Structures
This privately funded 1931 memorial on the National
Mall commemorates Washington D.C.’s citizens who
fought in World War I.
District of Columbia War
Memorial
78,2,2
981
Subjects
This function motivated the construction of the
District of Columbia War Memorial.
use as a band shell
78,2,2
982
Structures
This British memorial in France recognizes 72,000
British and South African soldiers who lack graves.
Thiepval Memorial to the Missing
of the Somme
79,1,1
983
Numbers
The rear of the Thiepval Memorial holds this many
graves.
600
79,1,2
984
Qualities
Stones in this shape mark the British Commonwealth
graves at the Thiepval Memorial.
rectangular
79,1,2
985
Objects
This type of symbol marks the French graves at the
Thiepval Memorial.
a cross
79,1,2
986
Groups
This committee commissioned the Thiepval
Memorial.
the Imperial War Graves
Commission
79,1,3
987
People
This prince unveiled the Thiepval Memorial in 1932.
Edward, Prince of Wales
79,1,3
988
People
This French president attended the unveiling of the
Thiepval Memorial in 1932.
Albert Lebrun
79,1,3
989
Places
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens is known for designing
many important buildings in this city.
Delhi
79,1,4
990
Structures
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens designed these four
types of structures in Britain.
country houses, bank buildings,
bridges, and a castle
79,1,4
991
Qualities
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens received this recognition
in 1918.
knighthood
79,1,4
992
Institutions
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens became a Fellow of this
academy in 1921.
the Royal Academy of Arts
79,1,4
993
Structures
This Lutyens memorial is the principal World War I
memorial in London.
the Cenotaph at Whitehall
79,2,1
994
Events
Lutyens’s Cenotaph at Whitehall originally served as
a focal point for this 1919 event.
the Allied Victory Parade
79,2,1
995
Places
This Northern French region is the setting for
Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial.
Picardie
79,2,2
996
Places
The use of this French battlefield for Lutyens’s
memorial symbolized the World War I effort for the
British.
Thiepval Hill
79,2,2
997
Timeline
Over one million soldiers died in this World War I
battle in France.
Battle of the Somme
79,2,2
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
998
Objects
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens did not want to disturb
this kind of site in his Thiepval Memorial design.
graves that had been dug during
the war
80,1,1
999
Objects
This form characterizes Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial.
a triumphal arch
80,2,1
1000
Numbers
The triumphal arch of Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial
measures this many feet high.
150
80,2,1
1001
Materials
This material forms the triumphal arch of the
Thiepval Memorial.
red brick partially faced with
Portland Stoned
80,2,1
1002
Materials
Portland stone is made of this type of stone
limestone
80,2,1
1003
Structures
These three British buildings are famous uses of
Portland stone.
the Palace of Westminster, St.
Paul’s Cathedral, and the Tower
Bridge
80,2,1
1004
Places
The use of Portland stone connects the Thiepval
Memorial to this nation’s history.
Great Britain
80,2,1
1005
Objects
This type of stone carving decorates the corners of
the arch’s piers on Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial.
laurel wreaths with the names of
famous battles
80,2,2
1006
Numbers
Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial tablets list this many
missing or unidentified soldiers.
72,000
80,2,2
1007
Places
Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial tablets contain the
names of World War I soldiers from these two
countries.
Great Britain and South Africa
80,2,2
1008
Places
Flags from these two countries fly at the top of
Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial.
Great Britain and France
81,1,1
1009
Objects
This stone carving appears under the center point of
the arch of Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial.
the Stone of Remembrance
81,1,1
1010
Texts
This sentence is carved into the Stone of
Remembrance at Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial.
“Their name liveth for evermore.”
81,1,1
1011
Subjects
Lutyens’s Thiepval Memorial serves this utilitarian
function.
a burial site
81,1,2
1012
Events
Great Britain held ceremonies commemorating this
battle throughout the 1920s and 1930s.
the Battle of the Somme
81,1,3
1013
Effects
World War I made this travel difficult for American
artists.
travel to Europe
83,1,2
1014
Styles And
Genres
This style began to emerge in early 20th century
American art.
modernism
83,1,2
1015
Terms
Some American artists began express their national
identity during World War I for this reason.
patriotism
83,1,2
1016
People
These two photographers exhibited European
modernist artworks in 1910.
Alfred Stieglitz and Edward
Steichen
83,2,1
1017
Institutions
This 5th Avenue gallery owned by Alfred Stieglitz
exhibited European artworks.
291
83,2,1
ART FLASHCARDS
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1018
Events
This 1913 art exhibit exposed the United States to
European modernism.
the International Exhibition of
Modern Art (the Armory Show)
83,2,2
1019
Structures
This building hosted the 1913 Armory Show.
the Armory of the 69th Regiment
National Guard
83,2,2
1020
Groups
This group sponsored the 1913 Armory Show.
the Association of American
Painters and Sculptors
83,2,2
1021
Styles And
Genres
The 1913 Armory Show exhibited works of these
three kinds of art movements.
Post-Impressionism, Cubism, and
Fauvism
83,2,2
1022
Places
The works of the Armory Show exhibited in these
three American cities.
New York, Chicago, and Boston
83,2,2
1023
Institutions
This museum opened in New York in 1929.
the Museum of Modern Art
84,1,1
1024
People
This European artist pioneered the American Dada
movement.
Marcel Duchamp
84,1,2
1025
Styles And
Genres
This 20th century realist movement focused on
capturing daily experiences in New York’s workingclass neighborhoods.
The Eight
84,1,3
1026
Institutions
The Eight movement eventually expanded into this
school.
The Ashcan School
84,1,3
1027
Styles And
Genres
This New York movement expressed a distinctly
African-American experience in the 1920s.
the Harlem Renaissance
84,1,3
1028
Artworks
This 1902 Stieglitz photograph shows a tangle of
railroad tracks and an approaching locomotive train.
The Hand of Man
84,1,3
1029
Objects
Stieglitz’s The Hand of Man captured these five
manufactured elements.
smokestacks, utility poles,
streetlamps, buildings, and a
railway
85,1,1
1030
Terms
This line is vertically centered in Stieglitz’s The Hand
of Man.
the horizon line
85,1,1
1031
Objects
These two elements fill the upper half of Stieglitz’s
The Hand of Man.
dense clouds and smoke
85,1,1
1032
Objects
This element dominates the bottom half of Stieglitz’s
The Hand of Man.
a complex network of railway
tracks
85,1,1
1033
Terms
This photographic technique developed in the 1830s
produces a rich tonal range.
photogravure
85,1,2
1034
Groups
This group favored labor-intensive techniques
emphasizing a photograph’s painterly qualities.
Pictorialists
85,1,2
1035
Terms
This photographic technique uses silver salts in
gelatin to produce a light sensitive paper.
the gelatin silver process
85,1,2
1036
People
This American gallery owner pioneered photography
as an art form.
Alfred Stieglitz
85,1,3
1037
People
These two friends of Alfred Stieglitz used
photography to create highly expressive images.
Paul Strand and Edward Steichen
85,1,3
ART FLASHCARDS
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1038
Places
Alfred Stieglitz was born in this city in 1864.
Hoboken, New Jersey
85,2,1
1039
Places
Alfred Stieglitz and his family moved to this country
in 1881.
Germany
85,2,1
1040
Subjects
Alfred Stieglitz studied these two subjects in Berlin.
engineering and chemistry
85,2,1
1041
People
This German chemist taught Alfred Stieglitz in his
early career.
Hermann Wilhelm Vogel
85,2,1
1042
People
This photographer influenced Alfred Stieglitz’s view
of photography as a means of expression.
P. H. Emerson
85,2,1
1043
Terms
P. H. Emerson played a crucial role in developing this
photographic technique.
photogravure
85,2,1
1044
Places
Alfred Stieglitz moved to this city in 1890.
New York
85,2,2
1045
Terms
Alfred Stieglitz became a partner in this type of
company in 1890.
photo-engraving
85,2,2
1046
Terms
Alfred Stieglitz pursued this career full-time from
1895.
art photography
85,2,2
1047
Subjects
Alfred Stieglitz captured many spontaneous
photographs of this subject during the 1890s.
urban life in New York City
85,2,2
1048
Subjects
Alfred Stieglitz promoted this type of photography in
his later career.
straight, unmanipulated
photography
85,2,2
1049
Terms
Alfred Stieglitz preferred not to use this darkroom
technique with his images.
cropping
86,1,1
1050
Groups
Alfred Stieglitz took a leading role in this club from
1891.
the Camera Club of New York
86,1,1
1051
Texts
Alfred Stieglitz edited this publication of the Camera
Club of New York from 1891 to 1901.
Camera Notes
86,1,1
1052
Groups
Alfred Stieglitz formed this group dedicated to
progressive photography in 1902.
Photo-Secession
86,1,2
1053
Subjects
Alfred Stieglitz’s Photo-Secession group had this
primary goal.
to promote the work of American
photographers through
exhibitions
86,1,2
1054
Texts
This 1903 Stieglitz journal included photograph
reproductions, essays, critiques, and literature.
Camera Work
86,1,2
1055
Institutions
This gallery opened by Alfred Stieglitz in 1905 later
became known as 291.
The Little Galleries of the PhotoSecession
86,1,2
1056
Places
Alfred Stieglitz divided his time between these two
places after closing 291 in 1917.
Manhattan and his family’s home
in Lake George, New York
86,1,3
1057
People
This artist married Alfred Stieglitz in the 1920s.
Georgia O’Keeffe
86,1,4
1058
People
This woman was the subject of Alfred Stieglitz’s
most interesting photographic portraits.
his wife, Georgia O’Keeffe
86,1,4
ART FLASHCARDS
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1059
Objects
Alfred Stieglitz photographed this type of natural
element to convey his own psychological state.
clouds
86,1,4
1060
Structures
Alfred Stieglitz photographed the emergence of this
element of the New York urban landscape in the
1920s and 1930s.
skyscrapers
86,1,4
1061
Causes
These complications halted Alfred Stieglitz’s
photography by 1937.
heart problems
86,1,5
1062
Objects
Georgia O’Keeffe assembled this collection after 1946.
Alfred Stieglitz’s original prints
86,1,5
1063
Institutions
This Washington D.C. gallery holds the collection of
Alfred Stieglitz’s original prints.
the National Gallery of Art
86,1,5
1064
Subjects
Alfred Stieglitz’s The Hand of Man examined the
impacts of these two developments.
industrialization and
modernization
86,2,2
1065
Structures
This industrial construction fascinated J. W. M.
Turner, Claude Monet, Thomas Cole, and Timothy
O’Sullivan.
the railway
86,2,2
1066
Media
Alfred Stieglitz’s work combines these two media.
painting and documentary
photography
86,2,3
1067
Terms
Alfred Stieglitz’s The Hand of Man intertwines these
three artistic elements in its composition.
textures, tones, and shapes
86,2,3
1068
People
This artist is thought to be the United States’ first
abstract painter.
Arthur Dove
87,1,1
1069
Places
Arthur Dove was born in this American city in 1880.
New York
87,1,1
1070
Institutions
Arthur Dove studied at this university.
Cornell University
87,1,1
1071
Subjects
Arthur Dove chose a career in this field against his
parents’ wishes.
art
87,1,1
1072
Media
Arthur Dove worked in New York in this craft from
1903 to 1907.
illustration
87,1,1
1073
People
This artist’s avant-garde’s paintings impressed Arthur
Dove during his travels in Paris.
Henri Matisse
87,1,1
1074
People
Arthur Dove met this photographer in New York in
1909.
Alfred Stieglitz
87,1,2
1075
Institutions
Arthur Dove exhibited his works in this gallery in
1910 and 1912.
291
87,1,2
1076
Qualities
Alfred Stieglitz encouraged Arthur Dove to develop
this type of approach to his depiction of landscapes.
abstract
87,1,2
1077
People
Arthur Dove lived on a houseboat with this painter
from 1924.
Helen Torr
87,1,3
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
1078
Places
Arthur Dove and Helen Torr lived in these two New
York cities after marrying in 1924.
Geneva and Long Island
87,1,3
1079
People
This collector supported Arthur Dove in his mature
artistic period.
Duncan Phillips
87,1,3
1080
Artworks
This abstract 1911 Arthur Dove piece is a small oil
pastel drawing on paper.
Nature Symbolized No. 2
87,1,4
1081
Colors
Shades of these five colors make up the palette in
Dove’s Nature Symbolized No. 2.
gold, brown, black, blue, and
green
87,1,4,
1082
Qualities
Forms of these two qualities dominate the
composition in Dove’s Nature Symbolized No. 2.
abstracted and organic
87,1,4
1083
Objects
This symbol’s shape appears in the middle and
foreground of Dove’s Nature Symbolized No. 2.
a bass clef
87,1,5
1084
Qualities
This quality distinguishes the foreground in Dove’s
Nature Symbolized No. 2.
darker colors
87,1,5
1085
Terms
Arthur Dove emphasized this art element in Nature
Symbolized No. 2.
depth
87,1,6
1086
People
Arthur Dove’s relationship to this man was key to his
development of an abstract vocabulary.
Alfred Stieglitz
87,2,1
1087
Terms
This term describes the financial support to artists
by purchasing their works.
patronage
87,2,1
1088
Qualities
The two figures’ bodies display this physical attribute
in Bellows’s Both Members of This Club.
muscularity
87,2,1
1089
Subjects
Bellows’s Both Members of This Club takes place in
this setting.
a boxing ring at the center of a
crowded room
87,2,1
1090
Objects
These two elements emphasize the boxing match’s
duration and inensity in Bellows’s Both Members of
This Club.
blood and sweat
87,2,1
1091
Subjects
This figure in Bellows’s Both Members of This Club
carefully watches the match from the left side.
the referee
87,2,1
1092
Artworks
This 1909 Bellows painting depicts a prizefight
between a white man and an African-American man.
Both Members of This Club
87,2,2
1093
Subjects
New York City’s elite clubs hosted this form of
entertainment in the early 20th century.
prizefights
87,2,3
1094
Terms
This element of Bellows’s Both Members of This
Club gives the viewer a sense of being a part of the
a low vantage point
87,2,3
darkness
87,2,3
crowd.
1095
Qualities
This type of shading dominates the canvas of
Bellows’s Both Members of This Club.
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
1096
Places
George Bellows was born in this city in 1882.
Columbus, Ohio
88,1,1
1097
Subjects
George Bellows played these two sports in his youth.
baseball and basketball
88,1,1
1098
Institutions
George Bellows studied painting at this school in
1904.
New York School of Art
88,1,1
1099
People
This painter taught George Bellows at the New York
School of Art.
Robert Henri
88,1,1
1100
Events
This 1913 art show exhibited some of George
Bellows’s works.
the Armory Show
88,1,1
1101
Subjects
These three painting subjects were George Bellows’s
favorites.
children, tenement life, and
boxing matches
88,1,1
1102
Subjects
This ailment led to George Bellows’s death in 1925.
a ruptured appendix
88,1,2
1103
Numbers
George Bellows died at this age.
45
88,1,2
1104
Places
George Bellows painted seascapes in this American
state.
Maine
88,1,2
1105
People
This man’s photographs of the body in motion
influenced George Bellows’s works.
Eadweard Muybridge
88,1,2
1106
People
This American painter influenced George Bellows’s
works.
Thomas Eakins
88,1,2
1107
Qualities
This characteristic defines George Bellows’s body of
work.
gritty naturalism
88,1,2
1108
Groups
Robert Henri became the leading figure of this group
of 20th century artists.
The Eight
88,2,1
1109
Subjects
Robert Henri instructed his students to paint in this
manner.
a manner that reflected real
experiences with their subjects
88,2,1
1110
Subjects
George Bellow’s work was progressive for its time in
addressing these two concerns.
modern life and action
88,2,2
1111
Subjects
George Bellows confronted these two social issues in
his work.
race and social class
88,2,2
1112
Subjects
George Bellows captured the violence and brutality
of this sport in his work.
boxing
89,1,1
1113
Subjects
Bellows’s Both Members of the Same Club appears as
a modern rendition of this form of ancient artworks.
ancient Greek depictions of nude
athletes
89,1,1
1114
Institutions
George Bellows painted a series of works based on
his visits to this Manhattan club.
Sharkey Athletic Club
89,1,2
1115
Terms
This 1900 American law banned public prizefights
but allowed matches between club members.
the Lewis Law
89,1,2
1116
Actions
New York City clubs took this action to circumvent
the 1900 Lewis Law.
granting temporary memberships
to prizefighters
89,1,2
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
1117
Terms
This 1911 act legalized boxing in the United States.
the Fawley Act
89,1,3
1118
Timeline
This African-American population movement
transformed early 20th century New York.
the Great Migration
89,1,4
1119
Terms
This legal era allowed institutionalized oppression of
African-Americans.
Jim Crow era
89,1,4
1120
People
Bellows’s Both Members of the Same Club depicts
this African-American champion boxer.
Joe Gans
90,1,1
1121
Subjects
African-American athletes faced this obstacle during
the early 20th century.
intense racism
90,1,1
1122
Actions
The audience of Bellows’s Both Members of the Same
Club are doing one of these two actions.
laughing maniacally or drawing
back from the violence
90,1,2
1123
Artworks
This 1914 sculpture by Meta Warrick Fuller portrays
a female figure standing on a pedestal.
Ethiopia Awakening
90,1,3
1124
Objects
The woman’s legs in Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening are
wrapped in this type of dressing.
funerary dressings of ancient
Egyptian queens
90,1,3
1125
Objects
The woman in Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening wears
these two clothing articles.
a flowing tunic and a headdress
90,1,3
1126
Objects
Meta Warrick Fuller created these three versions of
Ethiopia Awakening.
a bronze, a small plaster figure,
and a 67-inch painted plaster
figure
90,1,4
1127
Qualities
The figure in Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening appears to
be of this descent.
African
90,1,4
1128
Groups
Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening is a symbolic
representation of this group.
women of African descent
90,1,4
1129
Qualities
This quality lends the appearance of an architectural
column to the figure of Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening.
its contained limbs
90,1,4
1130
Subjects
Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening shows a figure in
transition between these two states.
repose and action
90,1,4
1131
Qualities
This half of the figure’s body in Fuller’s Ethiopia
Awakening is static.
lower
90,1,4
1132
Qualities
This half of the figure’s body in Fuller’s Ethiopia
Awakening moves freely.
upper
90,1,5
1133
People
This African-American woman was a successful
sculptor in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Meta Warrick Fuller
90,2,1
1134
Places
Meta Warrick Fuller was born in this city in 1877.
Philadelphia
90,2,1
1135
Events
This 1893 Chicago exhibition showed a wooden
sculpture by Meta Warrick Fuller.
the Columbian Exposition
90,2,1
1136
Subjects
Meta Warrick Fuller exhibited her first sculpture at
this stage of her education.
high school
90,2,1
ART FLASHCARDS
DEMIDEC RESOURCES ©2013
1137
Institutions
Meta Warrick Fuller studied at this Philadelphia
school from 1894 to 1899.
Pennsylvania Museum and School
of Industrial Arts
90,2,1
1138
Places
Meta Warrick Fuller traveled to this city in 1899.
Paris
90,2,1
1139
Causes
Travel to Paris in the early 20th century provided
African-American artists refuge from this obstacle.
racism
91,1,1
1140
People
Meta Warrick Fuller met this African-American
sociologist in Paris.
W. E. B. DuBois
91,1,1
1141
People
This African-American painter mentored Meta
Warrick Fuller in Paris.
Henry Ossawa Tanner
91,1,1
1142
Institutions
Meta Warrick Fuller attended this school while in
Paris.
Académie Colarossi
91,1,2
1143
People
This French sculptor praised Meta Warrick Fuller’s
expressionistic style.
Auguste Rodin
91,1,2
1144
Places
Meta Warrick Fuller moved to this city in 1902.
Philadelphia
91,1,3
1145
Events
Meta Warrick Fuller was commissioned to design a
sculpture for this 1902 exhibition.
Jamestown Tercentennial
Exposition
91,1,3
1146
People
This woman was the first African-American artist to
receive a commission from the United States
government.
Meta Warrick Fuller
91,1,3
1147
Subjects
Meta Warrick Fuller’s interest in this issue politicized
her work in the years leading up to World War I.
African-American identity in the
United States
91,1,4
1148
Styles And
Genres
This 20th century movement that combated racism
and repression across national borders influenced
Meta Warrick Fuller.
Pan-Africanism
91,1,4
1149
Artworks
This 1913 plaster sculpture was a political work by
Meta Warrick Fuller.
Emancipation
91,1,4
1150
Artworks
This 1919 sculpture was a political work by Meta
Warrick Fuller.
Mary Turner
91,1,4
1151
Subjects
Meta Warrick Fuller married a man of this
profession.
psychiatry
91,1,5
1152
Art Forms
Meta Warrick Fuller practiced these three art forms.
sculpture, poetry, and painting
91,1,5
1153
Styles And
Genres
Fuller’s Ethiopia Awakening anticipated this
movement.
Harlem Renaissance
91,1,6
1154
Causes
These two factors increased jobs in the north for
African-Americans during World War I.
increased industrial demand and
call-up of white workers
92,1,1
1155
Effects
W. E. B. DuBois encouraged an African-American
identity based on these two ideals.
paying homage to African roots
and recognizing AfricanAmericans’ double-consciousness
92,1,1
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1156
Events
W. E. B. DuBois asked Meta Warrick Fuller to create
a version of Ethiopia Awakening for this 1921 event.
“America’s Making” Exposition in
New York
92,1,1
1157
Styles And
Genres
The dominant class still categorized Egyptian art as
part of this European tradition in the early 20th
century.
Greco-Roman tradition
92,1,2
1158
Places
W. E. B. DuBois reclaimed this nation’s art as African
as part of his construction of a Pan African identity.
Egypt
92,1,2
1159
Places
This African country’s resistance to European
colonization motivated its use as a positive symbol in
Pan-Africanism.
Ethiopia
92,1,2
1160
Qualities
Ethiopia symbolized these two qualities for African
Americans.
strength and liberty
92,1,2
1161
People
This philanthropist supported the 1921 “America’s
Making” Exposition.
John D. Rockefeller
92,1,3
1162
Institutions
This foundation supported the 1921 “America’s
Making” Exposition.
Carnegie Foundation
92,1,3
1163
Causes
The 1921 “America’s Making” Exposition had this
goal.
to celebrate the contributions of
immigrant groups to American
culture and identity
92,1,3
1164
Terms
This classification of African Americans allowed them
to exhibit at the “America’s Making” Exposition.
“honorary immigrants”
92,1,3
1165
People
These two men organized the African-American
pavilion at the “America’s Making” Exposition.
W. E. B. DuBois and James
Weldon Johnson
92,1,3
1166
Numbers
Approximately this many African-American men
volunteered to serve in World War I.
350,000-400,000
92,2,1
1167
Effects
African-American soldiers faced these three forms of
discrimination while fighting in World War I.
being organized into all-black
units, given the most taxing jobs,
and unable to assume leadership
roles
92,2,1
1168
Places
Georgia O’Keeffe was born in this American state in
1887.
Wisconsin
92,2,2
1169
Institutions
Georgia O’Keeffe studied at this school from 1905 to
1906.
Art Institute of Chicago
92,2,2
1170
Institutions
Georgia O’Keeffe studied at this New York City
school in 1907.
Art Students League
92,2,2
1171
People
This painter taught Georgia O’Keeffe at the Art
Students League of New York.
William Merritt Chase
92,2,2
1172
Institutions
This gallery introduced Georgia O’Keeffe to European
modernist tendencies in 1908.
Alfred Stieglitz’s 291
92,2,2
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1173
Places
Georgia O’Keeffe moved to this city in 1908 to work
as a commercial artist.
Chicago
92,2,3
1174
Institutions
Georgia O’Keeffe took a summer class at this school
in 1912.
University of Virginia
92,2,3
1175
Subjects
This profession attracted Georgia O’Keeffe from 1912.
teaching
92,2,3
1176
Institutions
Georgia O’Keeffe attended the Teacher’s College at
this university.
Columbia University
92,2,3
1177
Places
Georgia O’Keeffe taught art in these three American
states between 1912 and 1918.
Texas, Virginia, and South
Carolina
92,2,3
1178
Media
Georgia O’Keeffe’s 1915 series of this type of
drawings impressed Alfred Stieglitz.
charcoal
92,2,4
1179
People
This photographer corresponded with Georgia
O’Keeffe between 1916 and 1918.
Alfred Stieglitz
92,2,4
1180
Places
Georgia O’Keeffe returned to this city in 1918.
New York
92,2,4
1181
Subjects
Georgia O’Keeffe faced this form of discrimination
after Alfred Stieglitz’s death in 1946.
sexism in the art world
92,2,4
1182
Effects
Georgia O’Keeffe’s relationship with Alfred Stieglitz
provided her with these two opportunities.
regular display of her artwork at
his gallery and exposure to other
working artists
92,2,4
1183
Subjects
Georgia O’Keeffe was recognized in New York for her
depiction of these two settings.
the city and the natural world
93,1,1
1184
Places
This American state provided Georgia O’Keeffe with
refuge from New York City.
New Mexico
93,2,1
1185
Places
Georgia O’Keeffe made her first trip to this American
region in 1929.
the Southwest
93,2,1
1186
Places
Georgia O’Keeffe permanently settled in this city in
1949.
Abiquiu, New Mexico
93,2,1
1187
Media
Georgia O’Keeffe took up this craft after losing her
eyesight.
pottery
93,2,1
1188
Numbers
Georgia O’Keeffe died at this age.
98
93,2,1
1189
Artworks
This 1926 O’Keeffe oil painting depicts New York’s
skyscrapers at night.
City Night
93,2,2
1190
Colors
These three colors dominate the canvas in O’Keeffe’s
City Night.
black, gray, and blue
93,2,2
1191
Causes
These two artistic choices emphasize the verticality
of O’Keeffe’s City Night.
large dimensions and a low
vantage point
93,2,2
1192
Objects
This element takes up most of the canvas in
O’Keeffe’s City Night.
two dark towers
93,2,2
1193
Subjects
This element makes up the background in O’Keeffe’s
City Night.
a dark blue sky
93,2,2
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1194
Objects
This white shape appears in the sky of O’Keeffe’s
City Night.
a small orb
93,2,2
1195
Causes
The lack of these two qualities makes O’Keeffe’s City
Night a unique cityscape.
a recognizable vantage point and
signs of human activity
93,2,3
1196
Structures
The white structure in O’Keeffe’s City Night may
depict this residence of O’Keeffe and Stieglitz.
the Shelton Hotel
93,2,3
1197
Terms
This type of stepped recession limited the size of
large towers in 1920s New York.
setback
93,2,4
1198
Terms
This type of law required setbacks in New York City
skyscrapers in the 1920s.
zoning laws
93,2,4
1199
Structures
The United States considered this type of structure
to be a symbol of achievement and progress postWorld War I.
skyscrapers
94,1,1
1200
Structures
This 1903 building is considered New York’s first
skyscraper.
the Flatiron Building
94,1,1
1201
Structures
This 1913 Cass Gilbert structure was the tallest
American building when Georgia O’Keeffe painted
City Night.
the Woolworth Building
94,1,1
1202
Structures
These two New York buildings broke new ground in
skyscraper construction in the early 1930s.
the Chrysler Building and the
Empire State Building
94,1,1
1203
Numbers
This many skyscrapers were built in New York City
in 1925.
45
94,1,1
1204
Subjects
Georgia O’Keeffe juxtaposed these two subjects in
City Night.
a human-built environment and
the natural world
94,1,2
1205
Objects
This artistic element defines the shape of the
buildings in O’Keeffe’s City Night.
straight lines
94,1,2
1206
Qualities
These two qualities describe the shape of the moon
in O’Keeffe’s City Night.
round and irregular
94,1,2
1207
Subjects
O’Keeffe’s City Night questions the relationship
between these two subjects.
humans and nature
94,1,2
1208
Subjects
Georgia O’Keeffe is best known for her depiction of
these two subjects.
flowers and plants
94,2,1
1209
Subjects
This setting inspired Georgia O’Keeffe’s paintings
between 1925 and 1929.
urban landscape
94,2,1
1210
People
These four photographers are well known for
capturing the changing face of New York in the
1920s.
Paul Strand, Edward Steichen,
Charles Sheeler, and Alfred
Stieglitz
94,2,1
1211
Media
Georgia O’Keeffe often used ideas from this art
form’s aesthetics in her paintings.
photography
94,2,1
1212
Terms
Georgia O’Keeffe made use of these four
photographic effects in her paintings.
cropping, lens flare, halation, and
converging lines
94,2,1
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Structures
This 1923 skyscraper dominated Chicago’s skyline
following its construction.
the Chicago Tribune Tower
94,2,2
1214
Material
This material makes up the Tribune Tower’s frame.
steel
94,2,2
1215
Material
This material makes up the face of the Tribune
Tower.
limestone
94,2,2
1216
Styles And
Genres
The Tribune Tower belongs to this architectural
style.
Gothic Revival
94,2,2
1217
People
These two publishers held a competition for the
design of the Chicago Tribune Tower.
Robert McCormick and Joseph
Medill Patterson
94,2,3
1218
Numbers
This many dollars was offered for the winning
Chicago Tribune Tower design.
100,000
94,2,3
1219
Numbers
This many architects took part in the Chicago
Tribune Tower design competition.
263
94,2,3
1220
People
This Bauhaus designer won third place in the
Chicago Tribune Tower competition.
Walter Gropius
94,2,3
1221
People
This Finnish architect won second place in the
Chicago Tribune Tower competition.
Eliel Saarinen
95,1,1
1222
Structures
This 1924 Hood building was inspired by Saarinen’s
proposal for the Chicago Tribune Tower.
the American Radiator Building
95,1,1
1223
Structures
This 1929 Houston building used Saarinen’s proposal
for the Chicago Tribune Tower.
the Gulf Building
95,1,1
1224
People
This man founded the Chicago Tribune.
Joseph Medill
95,1,2
1225
Texts
J. M. Patterson founded this New York newspaper
after leaving the Chicago Tribune.
Daily News
95,1,2
1226
Qualities
These two qualities describe Robert McCormick’s
reputation at the Chicago Tribune.
conservative and traditional
95,2,1
1227
Places
Raymond Hood was born in this American state in
1881.
Rhode Island
96,1,1
1228
Institutions
Raymond Hood studied at these two American
schools.
Brown University and
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
96,1,1
1229
Institutions
Raymond Hood trained at this prestigious Parisian
school.
École des Beaux-Arts
96,1,1
1230
Places
John Mead Howells was born in this American state
in 1868.
Massachusetts
96,1,2
1231
Institutions
John Mead Howells attended this American
university.
Harvard University
96,1,2
1232
Structures
Raymond Hood and John Mead Howells collaborated
on the design of these two buildings.
the Chicago Tribune Tower and
the Daily News Building
96,1,2
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1233
People
This man worked on the sculpture and exterior
design of the Tribune Tower.
Rene Paul Chambellan
96,2,1
1234
Subjects
This Chicago street is home to the Tribune Tower.
North Michigan Avenue
96,2,2
1235
Numbers
The Tribune Tower has this many floors.
34
96,2,2
1236
Numbers
The Tribune Tower is this many feet high.
463
96,2,2
1237
Structures
These three types of constructions decorate the
Tribune Tower.
spires, flying buttresses, and
sculpture
96,2,2
1238
Subjects
Chambellan’s carvings of this subject decorate the
Tribune Tower’s entrance.
figures from Aesop’s fables
96,2,3
1239
Objects
This element included in the Tribune Tower’s
construction symbolized the Chicago Tribune’s
international scope.
rocks and fragments collected
from around the world
96,2,3
1240
Structures
This building introduced the Neo-Gothic style to the
United States.
Cass Gilbert’s Woolworth
Building
96,2,4
1241
Effects
The Chicago Tribune Tower competition sparked
this development in American architecture.
bringing avant-garde architects to
the United States
96,2,4