Name:________________________________________________________
Review Book Worksheets
(Pages: 105-111/ 142-149 Mesoamerican Civilizations)
The First Global Age
1. The group of people who migrated eastward and southward in North America were said
to be what? Nomadic Hunter Gatherers
2. What did they have to adapt to?
Variety of climates and landforms, including woodlands, fertile plains, mountain ranges
and rain forests
3. Between 8500 and 2000 BCE these people learned to do what 2 things?
* cultivate crops
* domesticate animals
4. What was grown in Mexico?
Corn, beans, sweet potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, squash
5. What animals were domesticated in South America?
Llamas and other animals valued for their wool.
6. In the Americas, what turning point had a major impact of population of the area?
Agricultural Revolution
7. Another name for Middle America is Mesoamerica and this region includes Mexico and
Central America
8. The empire that lasted from 1400 to 500 BCE was?
Olmec
9. What was the first major American civilization?
Olmec
10. Olmecs built:
Ceremonial Centers (pyramid shaped temples)
11. Olmecs invented:
Calendar, writing system
12. Which American empire flourished from 300-900 CE?
Maya
13. What type of society did they have?
Complex Agricultural
14. What role did men serve?
Cultivated the crops (corn, beans and squash)
15. What role did women serve?
Turning crops into food.
16. Describe the role of religion in the Maya Civilization:
Priests occupied and exalted place. Rituals held for bountiful harvests and victory in
battles
17. Mayan Social Structure:
TopRuling Chief
Next Nobles (city officials and military leaders)
Majority  Farmers
18. MAYAN CONTRIBUTIONS:
Architecture:
*giant pyramid temples and large palaces

Paintings and carvings on the walls depicted events from Mayan History
Agriculture:
* Grew enough food to support large city populations
*Built raised fields capable of holding draining water.
Learning and Science:
* Hieroglyphics system of writing and recorded much of their knowledge in books made
of bark
*365 day calendar
* concept of zero
19. What caused the Mayan Empire to DECLINE?
Warfare or overpopulation
20. What American Empire came about in the late 1200s?
Aztec
21. Where did they settle and what city was created?
Valley of Mexico, TENOCHTITLAN
22. How did the Aztecs build such a huge empire?
Used conquests and alliances to build a huge empire
23. How did the Aztecs become wealthy?
TRIBUTE- Payment they took from conquered people
24. Label the social structure (Hierarchy) of the Aztec Empire:
___Emperor___
____Noble Class_
__Warriors__
__Traders_
___Farmers_
___Slaves_
25. Describe the Aztec religious Beliefs:
 Priests: led rituals to appease gods
 Place of worship: prymids in center of Tenochtitlan
 Gods: Human Sacrifices offered ---Prevented disasters
 Human Sacrifices: Used to appease the gods…ususally captured enemy soldiers.
26. CONTRIBUTIONS:
Learning and Science:
 Calendar, medicine
* schools and recorded historical events
Architecture and Engineering:
* Built wide stone causeways to connect Tenochtitlan to Mainland
* Designed hug pyramid temples
* Busy outdoor markets
Agriculture:
* fertilizers, and converted swampy areas into productive farmland
*Chinampas, grew corn, beans, squash
27. What empire emerged in the 1400s in South America?
Inca
28. Where did they live and where did they conquer?
Andes Mountains, conquered a large area that extended over 2,500 miles down the
Pacific coast.
29. What type of power was held by the emperor of the Inca Empire and what did they
control?
Emperor, absolute power and owned all of the people, land, herds and mines. Religious
leader as well.
30. Who ran the provinces with the chieftains?
Strong Central Gov’t. Nobles ran the provinces and others collected taxes, enforced
laws, and performed routine gov’t business.
31. What was the language used by the Inca Empire?
Quechua
32. What did the emperor have built that will allow for centralized rule over a large area?
Roads
33. What 2 groups used the roads to travel from one area to another?
Runners and Army
34. Describe the religious beliefs of the Inca:
Worshiped many gods related to the forces of nature, as well as guardian spirits. Chief
deity was sun god. Priests conducted rituals and led monthly religious festivals
35. CONTRIBUTIONS:
Engineering and Architecture:
* Roads (12, 000 miles), Bridges
* Temple of the Sun (strong enough to with stand earthquakes)
*Tunnels and steps to pass through mountainous terrain
Agriculture:
*Stone walls used to build terraces
Communication:
*Records..Knotted, colored strings called QUIPUS to record dates and events as well as
population
Science:
*Calendar
*Medicine…surgery to treat wounds, and had knowledge about diseases and medicines
Name:________________________________________________________
Review Book Worksheets
(Pages: 112-115/ 150-153 Ming Dynasty in China)
The First Global Age
1. Who did the Chinese overthrow in the mid 1300s?
Mongols
2. What Chinese group was responsible for the above?
Ming
3. Who was Zhu Yuanzhang?
Peasant leader led a rebellion that successfully overthrew Mongol rule. He established
the Ming Dynasty
4. In what traditional way did China see itself?
MIDDLE KINGDOM
5. What were 2 examples of Ming government reform?
*Civil Service Exams
*Board of Censors to eliminate corruption in the bureaucracy
6. What did Zheng He do in the 1400s?
Established trade links with many distant commerce centers and brought exotic animals
back to China for the imperial Zoo.
7. What was a result of Zheng He’s death in 1433?
Ming Emperor banned the building of large ships, and China halted its voyages of
exploration.
8. Why did China feel that limiting contact with foreign influence was beneficial? (Be
detailed)
Zheng’s voyages had not brought profits to the dynasty, and the fleets were costly to
maintain. Confucian scholars taught that China had the most advanced civilization and to
preserve that they should limit contact with foreign influences.
9. What improved the production of food in China?
Better fertilization methods. In 1500s Corn and sweet potatoes were introduced from the
Americas, further improving food production
10. How did China advance technologically?
Utilized new technologies to increase manufacturing production. Industry: Porcelain,
tools, and paper thrived in Chinese cities.
11. Give examples of how the arts flourished in China:
Artists developed new styles of landscape painting and created beautiful porcelain jars
and vases, Silks were much admired. Classical poetry and fiction
12. Why were Europeans interested in China?
Fascinated with Chinese production of guns and gun poweder
13. Why did the Chinese restrict trade with foreigners?
Believed European goods to be inferior
14. Define Matteo Ricci:
Jesuit priest, gained acceptance among the Ming because he shared his knowledge of of
European arts and sciences.
15. Describe how China affected Korea:
*Civil Service System
*Korea made Celadon- blue green glaze used on porcelain Koreans adopted from
Chinese
*Developed own system of writing
16. Describe how China affected Japan:
* Paintings were influenced by Chinese landscapes
*Practice of Zen Buddhism
17. What region did China conquer in 1st century BCE?
Vietnam
18. How long did it rule this area?
1,000 years
19. What 2 Chinese concepts were absorbed by this area?
Civil Service and establishing a bureaucracy
Name:________________________________________________________
Review Book Worksheets
(Pages: 116-118/ 154-157 Ottoman Empire)
The First Global Age
1. Who conquered Constantinople in 1453?
Ottomans
2. This brought down what empire?
Byzantine
3. Constantinople’s name was later changed to what?
Istanbul
4. What was the religion of the Ottoman Turks?
Islam
5. What allowed the Ottoman Empire to grow quickly?
Well-armed forces and effective military strategies
6. What happened to the Ottoman Empire by the 1500s?
Ottomans had built the largest, most powerful empire in the Middle East and Europe
7. Describe the Ottoman military and why it was so successful?
New Military Technology…cannons, foot soldiers with muskets
8. Because the Ottoman Empire expanded into the Mediterranean Sea, what was the result?
Trade routes were disrupted….Europeans will be forced to find alternative water routes
to avoid the Ottomans.
9. What were the Portuguese and other European nations forced to do because of the above?
Search for new trade routes
10. Did the Ottomans accept or reject Byzantine culture?
They absorbed many influences. Ottomans blended Byzantine with Muslim culutes.
11. Who ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1520-1566?
Suleiman the Magnificant…was a sultan
12. Define Sultan:
Turkish political leader
13. What was so significant about Suleiman’s rule? (BE DETAILED)
* Strengthen the government and improved the system of justice
*Based his law on the Sharia (Islamic system of law)
*Held absolute power, but he did consult with an advisor and a council in governing the
empire.
14. Define Golden Age:
Period of Peace and Prosperity for a civilization
15. Describe the 4 Social Classes of the Ottoman:
 Men of the Pen: At top of social structure, highly educated people: Scientists,
lawyers, judges and poets
 Men of the Sword: Military members


Men of Negotiations:Business people, money changers, tax collectors, and
artisians
Men of Husbandry: 4th class: farmers and herders
16. Define millets:
Organized religious community of Non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire. Had to obey
Ottoman law, but could keep religious traditions and educate own people
17. Define Janissaries:
Christian boys (of conquered groups) who were recruited by the Ottoman Empire to be soldiers,
and then had to convert to Islam. They were the best soldiers and members of an elite force
18. Muslim House of Worship is called?
Mosque
19. Describe the DECLINE of the OTTOMA EMPIRE:
 Internal Disorder: Over time nations were able to break free from Ottoman Rule.
Gov’t corruption and poor leadership.

European Advances: Rising power of European nations. Ottoman were being cut
out of global trade by Europeans. Commercial Revolution of Europe undercut
Ottomans
Name:________________________________________________________
Review Book Worksheets
(Pages 119-125/ 158-166:  Exploration, Encounters, and IMPERIALISM)
The First Global Age
1. What was the reason that Europeans began to make oceanic voyages of exploration?
To seek greater share of the rich Asian spice trade
2. What 2 European nations were the 1st to establish global trade empires?
Portuguese and Spanish
3. What did Spain and Portugal have that allowed them to establish Global Empires?
Technology, resources and political unity
4. Who were the king and queen of Spain in 1492?
Ferdinand and Isabella
5. What was the point of the RECONQUISTA?
To force Muslims out of Spain and recapture Spain for the Spanish
6. What 2 groups of merchants controlled trade routes between Europe and Asia?
Italian and Muslim
7. Who was the famous German printer of the1400s?
Johann Gutenberg
8. Why is he important in world history?
Used printing press to print a book. Increased accesss to books, made them cheaper,
education increases
9. What were 3 results of the use of the printing press?
* Make books quickly
* Books readily available
*Europeans gain access to new ideas
10. How did gun powder get to Europe?
Through Arab traders
11. What were the Portuguese doing in the 1400 to their ships?
Supplying ships with cannons
12. Who created better maps?
cartographers
13. Define:
 Compass- tool to determine direction at sea

Astrolabe- tool for sailors to figure out latitude at sea

Caravel- Ships whose sails, masts and rudders allowed explorers to sail
across or against the wind
14. What did Henry the Navigator do?
Gathered experts in science, mapmaking and shipbuilding to improve Portugal’s navy
15. What was the importance of being able to sail AROUND the southern tip of Africa?
To get to India faster
16. Who was the 1st person in 1488 to sail around the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartholomeu Dias
17. Who sailed to INDIA by rounding the Cape of Good Hope?
Vasco Da Gama
18. Where did Columbus land in 1492?
Sat an island in the Caribbean Sea
19. In 1493, what was created by Pope Alexander VI?
Line of Demarcation
20. What did it divide and between whom?(be clear)
Non-European world in 2 zones. Spaincould trade and explore WEST of the
line…Potugal had same rights EAST of the line
21. What agreement later moved the imaginary line?
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
22. The domination of a stronger nation over a weaker one is known as?
IMPERIALISM
23. In the 1600s who settled the Cape Town area of Africa?
Dutch
24. How did they (the Dutch) benefit from imperializing Southern Africa?
* Could repair ships and they traveled to West Indies (LOCATION)
* Farmed the land and enslaved the people as a labor source
25. What European nation took control of the Indian Trade network in the 1500s?
PORTUGAL
26. Who did they take control away from?
Muslims
27. What type of trade did the Portuguese control throughout the 1500s?
Spice trade between Europe and Asia
28. What did the Dutch East India Company accomplish?
* Seized Malacca from Portugal and trade with China
* Built better relationships with Asian leaders and dominated spice trade
29. Why was Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage so famous?
Completed first circumnavigation of the world
30. What land was claimed by Magellan in 1521?
Philippines (Named for KING PHILIP II of Spain)
31. How was the location of the Philippines strategic?
Gave Spain a base from which to trade with China and spread Catholic teachings to East
Asia
32. In the 1700s who competed for India?
England and France
33. What was the name of the armies that were created (using Indians)?
Sepoys
34. Define conquistador?
Spanish Conqueror
35. What were the 3 reasons (G’s) that the Spanish imperialized the Americas?
* Gold
* God
* Glory
36. Who conquered the Aztec Empire 1521?
Hernan Cortes
37. Who destroyed the Inca Empire in 1532?
Francisco Pizarro
38. Why were the Spanish SUCESSFUL in conquering areas of the world?
Used armor, horses, and powerful weapons that the Natives had never seen, made allies
among NA groups who hated being ruled by Aztecs and Incas, Disease
39. Who settled Canada in the 1600s? What did they send over?
The French
40. Where was the 1st permanent English Colony in North America?
Jamestown
41. Why did English Settlers come to North America?
For profit and others hoped to own land and have religious freedom
42. What was a result of the British winning the French and Indian War in the 1700s?
French had to give up Canada
43. How did Europeans view African slaves in the 1500s?
AS most valuable African trade good
44. Why were Europeans buying slaves in large numbers?
To satisfy the labor shortage, on American plantations
45. Define plantation:
Large estate
46. What was the voyage from Africa to the Americas known as?
Middle Passage
47. By 1800s, about how many Africans were sent to the Americas?
11 million
48. How large was the Spanish Empire?
From California to South America
49. SPANISH EMPIRE:
 Gov’t: King ran colonial gov’t through his representatives or Viceroys

Religion: Catholic Church, church leaders helped run gob’t and converted
Natives

Encomienda System: Forced labor system for native Americans

Social Classes:  Draw and Label the Social Hierarchy
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Africans
Native Americans
50. The global exchange of people, animals, goods and ideas between the Old and New
worlds (affecting Europe, Asia and the Americas) was called?
Columbian Exchange
51. What did increased trade with the colonies encourage?
European Capitalism
52. What was the point of joint stock companies?
Allowedto gather capital and pool it to make overseas ventures
53. Define mercantilism:
Economic policy where mother country benefits from use of colonies as markets
54. Who became less powerful because of the expansion of capitalism and mercantilism?
Nobles…Merchants grew rich…middle class develops
Name:_______________________________________
Review Book Worksheets
(Pages 126-130/ 67-172:  Absolutism and the Puritan Revolution)
The First Global Age
1. When monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to centralize their power, this was known as?
Divine Right
2. In India in the 1500s, the absolute ruler of the Mughal Empire was?
Akbar the Great
3. What was he responsible for?
* Strengthened central government
* Made Empire larger and stronger
* Modernized the army, encouraged trade
* Introduced land reforms
4. In the 1500s, what was the most powerful nation in Europe? How did this happen?
Spain, wealth from its Empire in the Americas helped its wealth grow
5. Define:
 Charles V- SPAIN-1519-1556, King and Holy Roman Emperor- Faced
military threats from French and German Protestants prices and Ottoman
Empire. In 1556 he gave up Empire and divided amongfamily

Philip II- SPAIN- 1556-1598, Expnaded power and Catholic Church
influence…Divine Right ruler. Hard working and promoted Golden Age of
Spain

Divine Right: Western Eurpoean Rulers idea that their power comes from
God to rule on Earth. God’s agents on Earth

Louis XIV- FRANCE- 1643 (5 years old) Ruled for 72 Years. Expanded the
bureaucracy of France, Built lavish Palace, Organized Strongest Army at
the time, Persecuted Huguenots. Bankrupted FRANCE

Ivan the Terrible (IV)- RUSSIA- Introduced Russia to extreme absolute
power. Had a personal Police force who slaughtered rebellios nobles

Peter the Great- RUSSIA- 1682-1725- Centralized Royal Power. Reduced
power of nobility and gained control of Russian Orthodox
Church,..WESTERNIZED RUSSIA (Used force and terror to accomplish
goals)

Catherine the Great- Russia- Acquires Black Sea from Ottoman in 1795 to
increase Russian trade and wealth
6. What royal family ruled England from 1485-1603?
Tudor- Worked well with Parliament, even though they were absolutist. Saw value in in
having good relationship
7. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I (Tudor) in 1603, who did power pass to?
James the I (Stuart)
8. Define:
 James I- Divine Right, Clashed with Parliament, dissolves parliament and
imposed own taxes,

Thomas Hobbes- English Thinker, believed absolute monarchy was only
way to keep people in control, because according to Hobbes people are born
greedy and selfish

Charles I-1625- Put enemies in prison without trials, Imposed high taxes,
Angered Puritans, Dissolved Parliament…Beheaded 1649

Oliver Cromwell- Leader of the Roundheads and skilled military
commander (Parliamentary group) clashed with Charles I…CIVIL WAR.
Wins Civil War, has King Charles I beheaded and becomes Lord
Protectorate of England. Dies in 1658

Roundheads- Made up of towns people, Puritans, landowners and town
manufacturers

Cavaliers- King’s men ….loose CIVIL WAR to Cromwell

Charles II- RESTORATION- His supporters battle Cromwell from Ireland
and Scotland. He returns to the throne in 1660

Restoration- 1660, Charles asked to come to throne of England…brought
Stuart Monarchy back to power.

James II- 1685- Becomes unpopular because of his Catholicism and his
absolutist policies
9. What was the CAUSE of the Glorious Revolution?
James’s Catholic dominance…Parliament wanted him out.
10. Define Glorious Revolution:
Bloodless transfer of power from JamesII to his daughter (Mary) and her Dutch husband
(William)
11. Define the English Bill of Rights:
* Set of ACTS passed by Parliament to ensure its superiority over the monarchy
* King must work with Parliament, Give House of Commons financial control
* Abolish Excessive Fines and Cruel and Unusual punishment, abolish excessive fines
*Affirmed habeas Corpus
12. As a result of the English Bill of Rights, England became a?
Limited Monarchy
13. Define Toleration Act
1689- Granted Protestant dissenters limited toleration. Catholics were DENIED
toleration though