Chapter 4 Worksheet
Definitions & root words :
Adenosine triphosphate
Amino
CarboCarbonyl
Carboxyl
Enantiomers
Function
Functional groups
Geometric isomers
Hydrocarbons
Hydroxyl
Isomers
Methyl
Organic chemistry
Phosphate
Structural isomers
Structure
Sulfhydryl
Valence
Name___________________________ Section: __________________
Short answer:
1. Would you expect the image on the left or the right to
be hydrophilic? ________ Why? _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. How are glucose and fructose like each other? __________________
_____________________________ How are they different? ___________
_______________________________Is there a name for this kind of relationship?
___________________ Name the functional groups they
contain and number of each. _____________________________________________
3. In linear glucose the carbonyl group is attached at the end of the carbon chain, making glucose a
___________ sugar. Fructose is an ___________ sugar.
4. Alpha and beta glucose are pictured at right. What is their relationship? ____________________
Would you expect them to function identically in the biological world? _______
5. What is the molecular formula for the saturated fatty acid below? _________________ What is the
molecular formula for the unsaturated fatty acid below? __________________ Are they isomers to each
other? ________ Why or why not? __________________________
In what way do their bonding patterns differ? __________________________________ What effect does
that have on structure? ______________________________________ Why do you expect that to
influence function? __________________________________
6. What is the relationship between 1-propanol and 2-propanol? _____________________ Name the
functional group they contain. ___________________________________ Would you expect them to
dissolve better or worse in water than the three carbon compound without the functional group? _______
Why or why not? _____________________________________________________________________
7. Name the functional groups found in the compound below. _______________________________
What is this type of compound called? __________
Look in your textbook. How many different versions of this compound do you see? ________ What would
the compound be called if the R group was replaced by the methyl functional group? ____________ What
about hydrogen instead of the R group? _______ Which of these contain sulfur?
_________________________ How many have rings? _____ How many contain nitrogen? ______ How
many contain phosphorus? ________ What groups can you form based on the properties of their R
groups? ____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Fill in the blank:
1. ___________ compounds are the basis of life. The variety of molecules available is stunning and due
to the ______-valence of the _________ atom. Carbon can form bonds in _____, ______, or _______
directions.
2. Groups that impart certain sets of properties to organic compounds are called _____________ groups.
When carbon covalently bonds with hydrogen the bonds are __________ (choose polar or nonpolar) and
consequently the resulting compound is _____________. This can be ________by the addition of
functional groups.
3. In ATP, adenosine triphosphate, the P indicates the presence of the ____________ functional group
and the T indicates that there are _______ of them. In ADP, __________ _________, the D indicates that
there is/are _____ (#) _________ groups and in AMP, _________________________, the M indicates
that there is/are _____ (#) ____________ group.
4. An organic acid is a compound containing a ___________l group. Ketones and aldehydes are
compounds contain the __________ functional group. The __________ have that functional group
attached at the end of the carbon chain and the __________somewhere other than the end.
5. A compound containing an –-OH group is called an _________. A compound containing an –NH2 group
is called an _______. A compound containing a –-COOH group is called an _____________. A
compound containing a –-SH group is called a ______ which will be more capable of bonding with
another _________. A compound containing an –-CH3 group is called a ______________________ which
will be __________ (choose more or less) soluble than without the functional group. A compound
containing an –-OPO32- group is called an _________________ which will be __________ (choose more
or less) reactive than without the functional group.
Match the functional group to its influence on organic molecules (there may be more than one answer):
1. _____ Instability A. Amino
2. _____ Stability B. Carbonyl
3. _____ Hydrophobic C. Carboxyl
4. _____ Hydrophilic D. Hydroxyl
5. _____ Acidic E. Methyl
6. _____ Basic F. Phosphate
7. _____ Solubility G. Sulfhydryl
8. _____ Binding with more like self
Identifythe functional groups found in each of the following compounds (there may be more than one
answer):
1. _____ Acetone A. Hydroxyl
2. _____ Adenosine Triphosphate B. Sulfhydryl
3. _____ Alpha-ketoglutaric acid C. Ketone
4. _____ Amino acid D. Aldehyde
5. _____ Butanal E. Amino
6. _____ Butanone F. Carboxyl
7. _____ Cholesterol G. Phosphate
8. _____ Cortisol H. Methyl
9. _____ Cortisone I. Carbonyl
10._____ Gylcerol
11._____ Lactic acid
12._____ Methanethiol
13._____ Methanol
14._____ Para-aminobenzoic acid
15._____ Pentanal
16._____ Pyruvic acid
17._____ Retinal
18._____ Testosterone
19._____ Trans-fatty acids
Identify which of these elements (HONCPS) are contained in the functional groups:
1. ________Amino
2. ________Carboxyl
3. ________Carbonyl
4. ________Hydroxyl
5. ________Methyl
6. ________Phosphate
7. ________Sulfhydryl
Name the functional groups in the figures to right:
A. ________________
B. ________________
C. ________________
D. ________________
E. ________________
Identify the following as organic or inorganic compounds:
1. ________Water
2. ________ Glycine
3. ________ Oxygen gas
4. ________ Methane gas
5. ________ Glycerol
6. ________ Glucose
7. ________ ATP
8. ________ NaOH
KEY Short answer:
1. Left is hydrophilic. Polar and ionic substances are hydrophilic. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic.
2. Glucose and fructose are both simple sugars with the same molecular formula, but the elements are
arranged differently on the carbon skeleton. They are structural isomers of each other. They both contain
three hydroxyl and one carbonyl functional groups.
3. Aldehyde. Ketone.
4. Entantiomers. No.
5. Alcohols. One hydroxyl in each of this set of structural isomers.
6. C12H24O2. C12H18O2. No, their molecular formulas differ. Double bonds in unsaturated fatty acid.
Unsaturated is bent wherever there is a double bond. Structural changes result in functional changes
7. Structural isomers. Hydroxyl. Better. They are polar with addition of hydroxyl group.
8. Amino, carboxyl. 20. Alanine. Glycine. Cysteine, methionine. Four. All. Zero. Nonpolar, polar,
electrically charged, acidic, basic.
Fill in the blank:
1. Organic, tetra, carbon, two, three, four.
2. functional, nonpolar, hydrophobic, altered.
3. phosphate, three, adenosine diphosphate, two, phosphate, adenosine monophosphate, one,
phosphate.
4. carboxyl, carbonyl, aldehydes, ketones.
5. alcohol, amine, organic acid, thiol, thiol, methylated compound, less, organic phosphate, more.
Match:
1. F
2. E
3. E
4. Not E
5. C
6. A
7. Not E
8. G
Identify:
1. C, I
2. G
3. C, F, I
4. E, F
5. D, I
6. C, I
7. A
8. A
9. C, I
10.A
11.F
12.B
13.A
14.E, F
15.D, I
16.F
17.D, I
18.C, I
19.F
Identify:
1. NH
2. COH
3. CO
4. HO
5. CH
6. PO
7. SH
Name the functional groups
A. Hydroxyl
B. Carbonyl
C. Carboxyl
D. Amine
E. Sulfhydryl
Identifythe following electrolytes as acids, bases or salts:
1. Salt
2. Acid
3. Acid
4. Salt
5. Acid
6. Base
7. Acid
8. Base
Identify the following as organic or inorganic compounds:
1. Inorganic
6. Organic
2. Organic
7. Organic
3. Inorganic
8. Inorganic
4. Organic
5. Organic