Français II First Semester Study Guide
I. Vocabulary
A. Unité préliminaire (Chez nous): parts of a house, appliances, chores, etc. (52)
B. Unité 1 (La nourriture): table settings, food items, meals, food shops, etc. (88)
C. Unité 2 (La santé): daily routines, health, body parts, etc. (124)
II. Grammar
A. être: (
)
je _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
B. avoir: (
)
je _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
C. avoir expressions
i. avoir…ans
vii. avoir honte (de)
ii. avoir besoin (de)
viii. avoir l’air (de)
iii. avoir de la chance
ix. avoir peur (de)
iv. avoir chaud
x. avoir raison
v. avoir froid
xi. avoir sommeil
vi. avoir envie (de)
xii. avoir tort
D. adjectives
i. most come _____________________ the verb. They must always agree with the noun
in __________________ and _______________________.
ii. possessive adjectives
my: ___________ (fem.) ____________ (masc./before vowel) __________ (plural)
ex.
your (inf.): ___________ (fem.) ___________ (masc./before vowel) __________(plural)
ex.
his/her/its: ___________ (fem.) ___________ (masc./before vowel) __________ (plural)
ex.
our: ___________ (fem./masc.) __________ (plural)
ex.
your (formal): _______________ (fem./masc.) _________________ (plural)
ex.
their: ______________ (fem./masc.) ______________ (plural)
ex.
iii. adjectives that come before a noun: BANGS
B:
A:
G:
S:
N:
feminine singular
masculine singular (vowel)
masculine singular (consonant)
feminine plural
masculine plural (vowel)
masculine singular (consonant)
iv. demonstrative adjectives: this, these
__________ masc. singular __________ masc. sing. before vowel
__________ fem. singular
__________ plural
E. present tense of regular –er verbs
1.
2.
je -_________
nous -___________
tu -_________
vous -___________
il/elle/on -_________
ils/elles -___________
ex.
F. present tense of regular –ir verbs
1.
2.
ex.
je -_________
nous -___________
tu -_________
vous -___________
il/elle/on -_________
ils/elles -___________
G. present tense of regular –re verbs
1.
2.
je -_________
nous -___________
tu -_________
vous -___________
il/elle/on -_________
ils/elles -___________
ex.
H. common irregular verbs (4-5): ex.: aller, faire, prendre, boire, sortir, dormer, courir, partir,
server, conduire, mettre, dire, etc.
I. spelling change –er verbs:
acheter
espérer
envoyer
j’
tu
il/elle/on
nous
vous
ils/elles
J. le passé compose
1. Formation with avoir:
a. auxiliary verb:
J’ _________
Tu _________
Il/elle/on _________
Nous ___________
Vous ____________
Ils/elles __________
b. past participle:
i. the past participle of most regular –er verbs is formed by replacing the –er ending
of the infinitive with ___
ii. the past participle of most regular –ir verbs is formed by replacing the –ir ending
with ___
iii. the past participle of most regular –re verbs is formed by replacing the –re ending
with ___
ex.
J’_________________ I spoke/have spoken
Tu ________________ you spoke/have spoken
Il/elle/on _______________ he/she/it spoke/has spoken
Nous ___________________ we spoke/have spoken
Vous_____________ you spoke/have spoken
Ils/elles __________________ they spoke/have spoken
Notes:
1. Some irregular past participles
a. Apprendre - __________________
b. Avoir - ______________________
c. Boire - ______________________
d. Comprendre - _________________
e. Courir _______________________
f. Être - ________________________
g. Faire - _______________________
h. Pleuvoir - _____________________
i. Prendre - _____________________
j. Surprendre - ___________________
2. To make a verb negative in the passé composé, place the ne/n’ and pas around
the conjugated form of avoir (auxiliary verb).
Ex. On n’a pas fêté mon anniversaire.
3. To ask questions using inversion in the passé composé, invert the subject
pronoun and the conjugated form of avoir (auxiliary verb).
Ex. Avez-vous fêté votre anniversaire?
4. Place the adverbs déjà, encore, bien, mal, and beaucoup between the
auxiliary verb or pas and the past participle.
Ex. Tu as déjà mangé la pizza.
5. The past participle of spelling-change –er verbs has no spelling changes.
Ex. Vous avez envoyé la letter.
6. The passé composé of il faut is il a fallu; that of il y a is il y a eu.
2.Formation with être:
a. auxiliary verb:
Je ______________
Tu ______________
Il/elle/on__________
Nous _____________
Vous _____________
Ils/elles ____________
b. past participle:
D
D
R
E
M
R
R
T
S
R
V
A
A
M
N
P
Notes:
1. The past participles of verbs conjugated with être agree with their subjects in number
and in gender.
a. Ex. Charles, tu es allé à Montréal?
b. Ex. Florence est partie en vacances.
c. Ex. Mes frères sont rentrés.
d. Elles sont arrivées hier soir.
2. To make a verb negative in the passé composé, place ne/n’ and pas around the
auxiliary verb, in this case, être.
a. Ex. Emma et Elodie ne sont pas sorties?
3. The verb passer takes être when it means to pass by, but it takes avoir when it means
to spend time.
a. Ex. Maryse est passée par la douane (Maryse passed through customs)
b. Ex. Maryse a passé trois jours à la campagne (Maryse spend three days in the
country)
4. To form a question using inversion in the passé composé, invert the subject pronoun
and the conjugated form of être.
a. Ex. Est-elle descendue à l’hôtel?
5. Place short adverbs such as déjà, encore, bien, mal, and beaucoup between the
auxiliary verb être or pas and the past participle.
6. Past participles of nonreflexive verbs conjugated with être agree with the subject (i.e.
Céline et Hervé sont parties de Québec.), HOWEVER, if one of these verbs has a
direct object, avoir must be used.
a. Ex. Céline est descendue de l’autocar
but Elle a descendu sa valise.
K. l’imparfait
1. To form the imparfait, drop the __________ending from the ___________ form of the
present tense and replace it with these endings.
je -__________
nous -_____________
tu -__________
vous -_____________
il/elle/on -____________
ils/elles -______________
2. The only verb that does not form the imparfait in this way is être.
j’ ______________
nous __________________
tu _______________
vous __________________
il/elle/on ________________
ils/elles ___________________
Note:
1. Verbs whose infinitives end in –ger add an e before all endings of the imparfait
except in the nous and vous forms. Verbs whose infinitives end in –cer change c
to ç before all endings except in the nous and vous forms.
tu voyageais
but
nous voyagions
les invités commençaient
but
vous commenciez
je mangeais
but
nous mangions
2. The nous and vous forms of infinitives ending in –ier contain a double i in the
imparfait.
Vous skiiez en janvier
Nous étudiions jusqu’à minuit
Examples:
parler
finir
vendre
boire
nous form:
je
tu
il/elle/on
nous
vous
ils/elles
L. direct object pronouns:________________________________________________
i. forms:
ii. when used with the passé compose, the past participle must agree with the DOP in
_____________________ and ______________________
ex.
M. indirect object pronouns: ______________________________________________
i. forms:
N. the imperative: command forms
i. with tu, nous, and vous
ii. same as regular present tense forms except for the tu form of –er verbs (drop the “s”)
iii. avoir and être are irregular
avoir
être
(tu)
(nous)
(vous)
iv. an object pronoun can be added to the end of an affirmative command. Use a hyphen
to separate them. Use moi and toi for the firs and second-person object prononus.
ex.
O. uses of the passé composé and the imparfait
passé composé
imparfait
P. savoir and connaître: (
)
i. savoir: (
)
je ______________________
nous ______________________
tu ______________________
vous ______________________
il/elle/on _______________________
ils/elles ______________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
ex.
ii. connaître: (
)
je ______________________
nous ______________________
tu ______________________
vous ______________________
il/elle/on _______________________
ils/elles ______________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
ex.
Q. the passé récent: what has just happened. You use a form of venir + de + infinitive
venir: (
)
je ______________________
nous ______________________
tu ______________________
vous ______________________
il/elle/on _______________________
ils/elles ______________________
past participle: (être) + ________________
ex.
R. verbs like venir
devenir (
)
revenir (
)
tenir (
)
maintenir (
)
retenir (
)
S. depuis, pendant, il y a + [time]
i. depuis: (
) used with ______________________ tense
ex.
ii. pendant: (
) used with ______________________ tense
ex.
iii. il y a: (
) used with ______________________ tense
ex.
T. devoir: (
)
je ______________________
nous ______________________
tu ______________________
vous ______________________
il/elle/on _______________________
ils/elles ______________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
ex.
U. vouloir: (
)
je ______________________
nous ______________________
tu ______________________
vous ______________________
il/elle/on _______________________
ils/elles ______________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
ex.
V. pouvoir: (
)
je ______________________
nous ______________________
tu ______________________
vous ______________________
il/elle/on _______________________
ils/elles ______________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
ex.
W. comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs
i. comparisons are formed by placing either: ______________ (more), ______________
(less), ______________ (as) before the adjective/adverb and the word __________ after
ex.
ii. superlatives are formed by placing the appropriate ________________ article after the
noun, and before the comparative form. The preposition de often follows the superlative.
ex.
iii. irregular comparative and superlative forms
adjective
comparative
superlative
adverb
comparative
superlative
X. Double object pronouns
i. sequence
ex.
ii. in passé composé, the double object pronouns precede the auxiliary verb. The past
participle agrees with the preceding direct object.
ex.
iii. in affirmative commands, the verb is followed by the DOP and then the IOP with
hyphens in between. Remember to use moi and toi instead of me and te.
ex.
Y. Reflexive verbs
i. reflexive pronouns
je ______
nous __________
tu ______
vous __________
il/elle/on _________
ils/elles __________
Z. Passé composé of reflexive verbs
i. auxiliary verb is: ____________
ex.