4) ĐỔI TỪ Although / though =>
Công thức này cũng áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE
-> BECAUSE
despite / in spite of
Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :
Although/ though + mệnh đề
Despite / in spite of + cụm từ
Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:
1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:
- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school
on time.
1) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ
- Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be
Although the rain is heavy,.......
=> Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ......
3) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ :
- Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be
Although He was sick,........
=> Despite / in spite of his sickness,.......
4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ
- Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ
thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ
Although He behaved impolitely,.....
=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,.........
5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ
- Thì bỏ there be
Although there was an accident ,.....
=> Despite / in spite of an accident,......
ADVERB CLAUSE OF REASON , RESULT AND CONCESSION
I/ Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished
sentence
1. Mai worked hard , ______ she passed her exam .
a. so
b. although
c. because
d. though
2. _____ she was very tired , she helped her brother with his homework .
a. Because b. whether
c. Although
c. so
3. It’s raining hard , _____ we can’t go to the beach .
a. or
b. but
c. so
d. though
4. Nam was absent from class yesterday ____ he felt sick .
a. so
b. because
c. although
d. but
5. Tom has a computer , _____ he doesn’t use it .
a. or
b. as
because
d. but
6. The boy can’t reach the shelf ____ he’s not tall enough.
a. because
b. although
c. even though d. and
7. The film was boring ____ we went home .
a. so
b. when
c. but
c. if
8. The girl bought the shoes _____ they are very expensive .
a. but
b. if
c. so
d. although
9. He used to smoke a lot ______ now he doesn’t smoke any more .
a. still
b. therefore
c. but
d. as
10. She couldn’t unlock it ______ she had the wrong key .
a. while
b. but
c. though
d. because
11. ____ it rained , the boys played football .
a. Even
b. Even though c. However
d. In spite of
12. It was still painful , ____ I went to see a doctor .
a. so
b. however
c. but
d. or
13. Lan likes oranges _____ her sister doesn’t .
a. but
b. as
c. so
because
14. Nam failed the final exam _____ he was lazy .
a. while
b. though
c.because
d. but
15. He’s tired _____ he stayed up late watching TV.
a. and
b. or
c. if
d. since
16. Jim can speak English _____ French fluently .
a. also
b. but also
c. and
d. so
17. _______ the traffic , I arrived on time .
a. Though
b. Although b. Even though d. In spite of
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18. ______ they live near us , we can see them very often .
a. So
b. As
c. Though
d. Even
19. ______ I was really tired , I couldn’t sleep .
a. If
b. Although
c. While
D. However
20. We watched TV the whole evening ______ we had nothing better to do .
a. because
b. though
c. so
d. but
21. It’s cheap _____ I don’t like it .
a. and
b. because
c. so
d. however
22. ______ it was late , I decided to phone Brian.
a. Despite
b. However
c. In spite of
d. Though
23. The little boy was hungry ______ he ate nothing .
a. although b. so
c. but
d. and
24. ______ the car was cheap , it was in good condition .
a. Although b. Because
c. As
d. If
25. ______ tomorow is a public holiday , all the shops will be shut .
a. As
b. Just as
c. Although
d. When
26. She came in _____ turned on the radio .
a. so
b. and
c. or
d. but
27. We didn’t go for a walk _____ it was very cold .
a. though
b. because
c. but
d. so
28. ______ I tried to persuade her , I didn’t succeed .
a. Because
b. So
c. Although
d. However
29. Lan woke up late _____ she didn’t have time for breakfast
a. so
b. since
c. as
d. though
30. I like fish ____ I don’t like catching them myself .
a. or
b. but
c. so
d. and
31. He had an accident ____ he was careful .
a. even though
b. because
c. so
d. since
32. _____ it was raining , I went swimming .
a. So
b. Because
c. However
d. Although
33. Ann felt ill , ____ she insisted on going to work .
A. Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same
meaning as the sentence printed before it:
1. Athough he is sick, he goes to school.
 In spite of ………………………………………………………………
2. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully.
 Despite ………………………………………………………………………
3. Everybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty.
 Although …………………………………………………………………
4. They worked very hard although they were old.
 In spite …………………………………………………………………
5. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.
a. though
b. so
c. and
d. but
34. _____ I felt tired , I went to bed early .
a. Although
b. So
c. As
d. However
35. _____ he’s got an English name , he is German .
a. Although
b. However c. Because
d. Since
36. They decided not to go out for a meal _____ they were too tired .
a. so
b. because
c. but
d. if
37. We were the better team ____ we lost the match .
a. so
b. and
c. but
d. because
38. Keith decided to give up his job ____ I advised him not to
a. because
b. however c. although
d. since
39. ______ we were in town , we often met him .
a. For
b. Although C. So
d. When
40 . She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications .
a. because
b. although c. so
d. but
II/ REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES….
1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
Because of …………………………………………………………………
2. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.
 In spite ………………………………………………………………
3. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
 In spite ……………………………………………………………………
4. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure lever cancer.
 Despite ……………………………………………………………………
5. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new
car.
 Despite ………………………………………………………………
6. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to live in London.
 In spite ……………………………………………………………
 Because of …………………………
6. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
 Because of …………………………………………………………………
7. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
 Because of …………………………………………………………………
8. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
 Because of ……………………………………………………………………
9. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
 Because of ……………………………………………………………………
10. I like him because his father is kind to me.
 Because of ………………………………………………………………
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11. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
 Because of ……………………………………………………………
12. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.
 In spite ………………………………………………………………
13. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
 In spite ……………………………………………………………
14. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure lever cancer.
 Despite ………………………………………………………………
15. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new
car.
 Despite ……………………………………………………………………
16. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to live in London17.
Although I am hungry, I can’t eat now
 Despite …………………………………………………………………
18. Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.
 Though ………………………………………………………………………
19. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
 Although …………………………………………………………………
20. They worked very hard inspite of their old age.
 Although …………………………………………………………………
I/ REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING “BECAUSE” OR
“BECAUSE OF”.
1. I lost my way because the fog was thick.
 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..
2. He is tired because of staying up late last night.
 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..
3. We couldn’t read the sign on the building because the distance
was so great.
 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..
4. She’ll never get success because she is impatient.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
5. He’ll be sacked because he is often late for work.
6.
7.
8.
9.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
Governments advise giving up smoking because of its harm for
health.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
They haven’t bought the house because its rooms are small.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
He got bad marks because his answers were incomplete.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
Maria couldn’t return home because of losing all her money.
 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………
10. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
11. A lot of people learn English because it is very important.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………
12. Tom is often punished because he is very lazy.
 ………………………………………………………………
13. I was late because it rained heavily.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
14. They turned the heating on because the weather was very cold.
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
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
15. She has to stay at home because of her sick mother.
 ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..

 a) Although .........................................................................................
 b) Despite ...........................................................................................
12. They felt very cold but they didn’t turn on the heater.
 Despite ...............................................................................................
13. Bill had a terrible headache. However he kept working.
 a) Although .........................................................................................
 b) In spite of ........................................................................................
14. He has all the necessary books but he doesn’t use them to
study.
 Despite ...............................................................................................
15. She works very hard but she doesn’t deserve a raise.
A. Rewrite as indicated below. The first is already done as an
 a) Although .........................................................................................
example
 b) In spite of ........................................................................................
1. Pam was not felling well, however she went to school.
16. She is not prepared for the test, but she has to do it.
Although Pam was not feeling well, she went to school.
 Despite ...............................................................................................
In spite of not feeling well, Pam went to school.
17. She was ill but she had to go to school.
3. Mary tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
 Although .............................................................................................
 a. Although, ..............................................................................................................................................
18. It was a nice sunny but there was nobody at the beach.
 b. In spite of .............................................................................................................................................
 a) Although .........................................................................................
4. Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company.
 b) Is spite of ........................................................................................
 Despite .....................................................................................................................................................
19. He arrived later but he finished work earlier than the others.
5. They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.
 Although .............................................................................................
 In spite of .................................................................................................................................................
6. He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.
 a. Although ...............................................................................................................................................
 b. Despite .................................................................................................................................................
7. Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them
because they are trendy.
 In spite of .................................................................................................................................................
8. Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.
 In spite of .................................................................................................................................................
9. I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it
all the same.
 a. Although ...............................................................................................................................................
 b. In spite of ..............................................................................................................................................
10. I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.
 a) Although ..............................................................................................................................................
 b) In spite of ..............................................................................................................................................
11. They didn’t play well, but they won the game.
PART A
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