CCL-EAR COMMITTEE REVIEW
Gale Virtual Reference Library
May, 2008
In May 2008, selected members of the Council of Chief Librarians, Electronic
Access to Resources Committee (CCL-EAR) undertook a "hands-on" study of
Gale Virtual Reference Library (GVRL).
Gale Virtual Reference Library is a database that contains electronic reference
books that are published by Gale and its affiliate publishers. This database
contains reference books only, and these books can only be retrieved through
Gale’s Powersearch interface (though these books can be cross searched with
all other Gale databases that use the Powersearch interface). An institution
purchases the electronic books either as a collection with deep consortium
discounts, or individually. This review looks mainly at the collection with respect
to information database and cost.
“GVRL content covers a diversity of subjects, e.g., Arts, Biography, Business,
Education & Careers, General Reference, History, Law & Government,
Literature, Medicine, Multicultural Studies, Nation & World, Religion &
Philosophy, Science, Medicine & Environment, and Social Science.” (Golderman
& Connolly)
Each reviewer independently, or in concert with other qualified professionals on
their campus library staff, reviewed and evaluated Gale Virtual Reference
Library. Though other faculty and/or staff may have helped in the review process,
completion of the review was by the CCL-EAR committee members only and not
transferred to others. Ratings were based upon the potential value of the service
to the California Community Colleges as a whole and not solely on the needs of
any specific campus.
RANKINGS
#1 --- Not Recommended
#2 --- Recommend with reservations as noted.
#3 --- Recommended.
#4 --- Outstanding offer and opportunity.
OVERALL ASSESSMENT 4, 3
Is the product suitable for community college students?
This product is ideal for community college students, with wonderful readability
and authority. Students are pleased to have electronic access to quality noncirculating reference titles. A library purchases the perpetual access; the content
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does not get updated, unless a library purchases a new edition or a new title,
which is the same as purchase of print resources.
Unlike the NetLibrary collections where California community college librarians
select titles, the Gale company has selected the books for the offer, but the
review team believes that as a collection, Gale Virtual Reference Library
definitely fits the diverse students who are at the community college level.
Assuming that offers continue as they are for the future, community colleges
need to plan their budgets to especially obtain the initial offer, and then at least
be able to add new books in future years, with occasional new edition purchases.
One of the main drawbacks to committing to the Gale Virtual Reference Library
collection is that libraries are consigned to titles on subjects that may not be as
good as Gale’s competitors (who may also have electronic versions available).
Also, an institution must purchase new copies of those titles with superseding
editions whereas the Gale’s Resource Centers had automatic updates of editions
in their reference products. Maintenance of the electronic reference collection
would be similar as maintenance of a print reference collection. The review team
hopes that Gale will continue to offer such database packages and provide good
adjustments in the future—including perhaps a new offer every other year that
will be as vast as the original 2006 collection, but with new editions, since
institutions are not always able to have the monies to purchase the whole
collection. The review team also suggests that Gale provide another option than
a two year (half/half) purchase of the books. Either provide an option where
institutions can pay for the bulk purchase for three or more years, or also provide
a subscription model so more libraries can participate, in spite of tight budgets.
Following are the results of the CCL-EAR Committee's review. Unless otherwise
indicated, all comments are for Gale Virtual Reference Library only.
The following attributes were examined and rated:
#1 - - - Poor
#2 - - - Needs Improvement
#3 - - - Good
#4 - - - Excellent
INFORMATION DATABASE 4, 3
Consider functionality, appropriateness of format, database content, adequacy of
coverage (retrospective, current), and value to the California Community
Colleges as a whole.
The title list for Gale’s Virtual Reference Library’s 2006 offer, the new 2007 titles
offer, and the new 2007 editions offer is available at the end of this review
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(Appendix One). An institution that chooses to purchase all three collections
would in some cases have to purchase a new edition, as well as the older edition
of titles such as the Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations Dictionary, African
American Almanac, College Bluebook, Countries of the World and their Leaders,
Encyclopedia of American Industries, Encyclopedia of Global Industries,
Encyclopedia of Mental Health, International Encyclopedia of Social Science, and
Shakespeare for Students. The review team wonders why an institution that did
not purchase the 2006 collection when it was first offered must now purchase
both editions, if they want to have the newest edition.
GVRL’s particular strength is in the many multivolume encyclopedias, providing
much more comprehensive information than the short-entry works that dominate
NetLibrary Reference Center, the reference books that are in Ebrary, or Oxford
Reference Online.
All titles are purchased for perpetual ownership. That means content is never
removed by the vendor (though with the purchase of new editions a participating
institution may want to weed particular titles, just as they would in their print
reference collection). If an institution ever chose to discontinue Gale’s hosting
and annual access fee, the institution could request these titles on CD-ROM, free
of charge, which would include rights to have the material on a local server and
have its own database. Because these purchases are like owning the physical
books, content is not updated and is static. For example, an institution that
subscribes to Business and Company Resource Center would automatically
have a newer edition replace one of its older encyclopedias, whereas an
institution that uses GVRL would need to purchase a newer edition when one
comes available, to keep up to date.
Appropriate Level for Community College Students: Unlike most other E-books
database offers, this collection is reference books only. The content of the
product ranges from junior high school to first two year college levels. There is a
difference of opinion among team members as to whether the material is mostly
high school or first two year college, but most titles are typical of what a
community college purchases.
Subject Areas: In general, this collection has strength in the areas of the
humanities and social sciences as a collection. It also contains reference
materials that may be suitable for students pursuing particular AA and AS
degrees such as nursing (e.g. the Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied
Health along with Encyclopedia of Mental Health, Encyclopedia of Medicine,
Encyclopedia of Surgery, and Encyclopedia of Cancer), but not for other
particular AA or AS degrees such as auto mechanics, online gaming design,
dental hygiene, or other disciplines. The collection contains some titles in
Literature such as American Women Writers, but none of the literature criticism
series (Gale has a separate database platform and offer for those books, which
currently are not accessible through the Powersearch interface). In general, this
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collection is adequate for English composition courses, and some subject area
courses that require beginning research such as History, Sociology, Religious
Studies and Multicultural studies. There are some beginning books for the
sciences, but they seem limited in scope (there’s maybe one reference title for a
particular science area such as chemistry or zoology.) The review team
concluded that while some titles may be trivial for particular community colleges,
it does not believe that Gale threw titles in simply to push sales or numbers,
though sometimes a competitor may have better reference material, and an
institution would then be hard pressed to decide whether to get a superior
resource from another publisher, on top of the title already in the GVRL package.
There are some titles that do serve more of a public library need such as
Videohound’s Golden Movie Retriever, but they are the rare exception rather
than the rule. Overall, the titles mainly serve to enhance student studies and
provide good information for their papers. Most reference materials contain
signed entries which also contain a bibliography of reliable sources.
Key Titles: In their three offers (the large 2006 offer, the small new titles 2007
offer, and the small 2007 new editions offer), Gale provides a lot of key titles in
these collections, those that libraries would subscribe to in print, anyway. While
the collections sometimes do not contain certain matching titles (for example,
Notable Black American Men is in the 2006 collection, but not Notable Black
American Women, and American Decades, but not also American Eras), the
offer of titles is still quite extensive.
Here is just a small example of them:
American Decades; American Decades Primary Sources; Dictionary of Women
Worldwide; Social Issues Primary Sources Collection; World Encyclopedia of
Police Forces and Correctional Systems; Acronyms, Initialisms, and
Abbreviations; American Men and Women of Science; Business Plans
Handbook; Career Information Center; College Blue Book; Encyclopedia of
Global Industries; Encyclopedia of Small Business; Encyclopedia of World
Biography: Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health; Information Plus
Reference Series; Notable Black American Men; Scholarships, Fellowships and
Loans; Cities of the United States; Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Encyclopedia of
Religion; World of Forensic Science; Child Development; Cities of the World;
Contemporary Hispanic Biography; Countries and Their Cultures; Dictionary of
American History; Encyclopedia of Ageing; Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice;
Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior; Encyclopedia of Food
and Culture; Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World; Encyclopedia of
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America; Encyclopedia of
Public Health; Encyclopedia of World Cultures; Environmental Encyclopedia;
Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine; Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural
America; Genetics; Grizmek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia; History Behind the
Headlines; International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family; Science and its
Times; Social Trends and Indicators USA; St. James Encyclopedia of Popular
Culture; Weather Almanac; West’s Encyclopedia of American Law; Encyclopedia
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of Race and Racism; Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Culture Society History;
Gale Encyclopedia of Diets; Gale Encyclopedia of World History
Access to Other Publisher’s Ebooks through the Powersearch Platform: Since
libraries would prefer to have as few platforms as possible for their ebooks
collections, the Gale publisher has made an effort to license with other publishers
so their reference titles can be retrieved through the GVRL Powersearch
platform. Gale selects the titles that the publishers offer to them and they are
accessible through GVRL. Titles are purchased through Gale. Current
publishers are: A&C Black Publishers, ArtistPro, Berkshire, Bernan, Brill
Academic, Cambridge University Press, Cartographica, Columbia University
CyberTech, David Bateman, Dorling Kindersley, Ediciones Akal, Elsevier,
Greenwood, Grey House, HCPro, Honeybear Press, Ibercultura, Icon Books,
Idea Group, Indiana University, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ISEAS
Publications, John Harper, K.G. Saur, Kluwer Academic, Know!Books, Kogan
Page, Linworth, M.E. Sharpe, McGraw-Hill, McGraw-Hill Professional, New
Strategist Publications, Inc.. Omnigraphics, Oxford University, Pan American
Health Organization, Philip's, Premier, Princeton University Press, Rosen,
Rutgers University Press, Sage, Salem Press, Scarecrow, Sharpe, Springer
Thomson Course, Times Books, Tradition Books, Wiley, Wiley-Interscience.
Titles from these publishers are currently not included in any of the Gale
packages, so they would need to be ordered separately.
Analysis of the Information Database: Considering that the number of Distance
Education courses keeps growing and in general, students expect to get their
information resources online, it becomes more crucial for community colleges to
have key ebooks available online. This collection contains a vast improvement of
peer-reviewed quality over sources characteristically on the Web for free
(especially Wikipedia). Having these resources online can also save vast shelf
space for an institution’s print collection as well, if the institution chooses to get
these titles only online. However, purchase of these titles will require timely
replacements. And an institution that chooses to invest in Gale’s offer will need
to keep in mind that students will expect information to be up-to-date. By
contrast, a subscription to one of Gale’s Resource Centers or other vendor’s
reference database would automatically update information. Purchase of the
GVRL books is as static as an institution’s print reference collection. However,
unlike the NetLibrary offer, Gale does provide unlimited simultaneous user
access.
SEARCH INTERFACE 4, 3.5
Consider the functionality and ease of use of the interface. Is it intuitive or is an
excessive amount of training required? Are any crucial features missing from the
search interface?
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Basic Search Window
The Basic Search window is a clean “Google”-style search box, offering a choice
of selecting from document title, keyword (the default option), or entire document.
The Keyword option searches significant fields in documents, including titles,
introductory text, and authors. It also searches the first 50 words in the article
as well as back-of-the-book index terms that have been assigned to articles.
This search mechanism searches a broader range of fields and produces a result
list with a high degree of relevance. One can use Boolean operators, but the
default search is for a proximity search of within 4 words.
It is also significant what a Basic Keyword Search does NOT search: complete
text (unless selected), references, and footnotes. Including such random fields as
references in searches has caused many misleading result lists in competing
database products.
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Direct View of the e-Book
A user can view an eBook directly from the Basic Search page (the home page),
without first performing a search. Just click an individual title.
The next screen, called About this Publication, shows a thumbnail image of the
book's cover along with information including ISBN (if the book has a print
equivalent), eBook ISBN, subject categories of the book, Library of Congress
(LC) subject heading(s), and a brief description of the publication. A user can
search the e-Table of Contents, use the eBook Index, and List of Illustrations, as
in the print source, but with links to the related pages. The functionality is wellthought out, retaining the browsing of a print source, but adding the functionality
of links.
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Advanced Search Screen
The Advanced Search Screen guides the user through 3 search windows,
defaulted to Keyword, but changeable, and offers limiters, such as documents
with images, by date, publication (encyclopedia) title, subject area (arts,
environment, history, etc) and target audience (academic, children’s, general,
professional and trade).
The Results List
Entries in the result lists are at the document (that is, article) level with keywords
highlighted which is much preferred over the paragraph level, as in Encyclopedia
Britannica Online. To revise a search, one can click on the Breadcrumbs Trail
to return to the search screen which is not as fast as merely scrolling to the top of
the result list to view the search strategy, as in EBSCO’s interface. The result list
is a useful list of very relevant titles, sorted by relevance, but may be re-sorted by
document/article title, by publication (encyclopedia) title, or by date. The sidebar
allows narrowing by document type and refining the search “within these results”
or searching in the entire library of publication titles.
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Quick Search
From the Results List and from the Article View, a sidebar offers a Quick Search
without returning to the full search screen. Furthermore, it offers a search “within
this publication,” exceedingly helpful when a user wants to focus on a particular
set or title, such as Business Plans Handbook, vols. 1-13, Career Information
Center, vols. 1-13, or Encyclopedia of World Cultures, vols. 1-10. This feature,
“search within this publication,” needs to be more clearly displayed, as a user can
easily miss this important feature.
The Article
The articles have the Gale scholarship and authority behind them, and in a very
readable text, absolutely suitable for the community college level. Page numbers
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are added to the html versions, and the PDF version retains the look of an
encyclopedia, satisfying to the teacher or the student who appreciates the look of
“print sources.” The pages load quickly, both in html and in PDF
Bibliography, Article Indexing, Source Citation, and Cross Reference Links
Some articles have additional indexing terms at the end, sometimes with links.
There may also be “see also” references with links. The Source Citation is
complete in either APA or MLA format (set by the administrator), and includes the
correct library name, albeit preceded by CCL for the consortium.
Bookmarks (formerly InfoMarks)
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Articles, or even complete search strategies and result lists, can be saved and
sent by e-mail or as bookmarks to oneself or to others, even after the search
session has ended. This is great for including as links in an assignment or on a
syllabus or within Blackboard or WebCT.
USER SUPPORT SERVICES 3.5, 3.5
What types of customer and technical support are available for end users and
library administrators?
The Help screens are context sensitive, extensive, and very readable. The team
wished there were a search window for keyword searching throughout the help
screens, or, at least, the ability to view or print out longer sections of information.
But the database is quite easy to navigate and shouldn’t demand much use of
the help functions. Help is available, by phone (during business hours), by FAX
and by e-mail, (24/7) at 1-800-877-4253 option 4, FAX 248-699-8049, and
gale.technicalsupport@cengage.com . Gale offers free webinars and free onsite
instruction. Vendor alerts are available by e-mail, direct mail, and from the
ListServe at http://gale.cengage.com/enewsletters/join_infotrac.htm .
A complaint about slow response brought the suggestion to revert to the old
interface, which helped with speed. But the new interface (which is what we
reviewed) needs to work at the rate of community college students’ needs
(including dial-up speeds).
The statistics function is adequate, and reveals heavy use of the database.
COST 3, 2.5
If cost is available, does it seem reasonable in terms of comparable products?
Access is by Purchase Model, requiring a large single year outlay of money to
gain many titles at one time, which then get old, just as the print collection gets
old. There are many valuable print volumes sitting on reference shelves that
have not been used for months or years. The online encyclopedias are
immediately accessible from anywhere, anytime, and are heavily used by
students, unlike the print collection which cannot circulate at all. As the online
collection ages, a library will want to update with new editions and new titles, but
that is true for the print collection as well. As budgets shrink, there is wisdom in
spending money for electronic encyclopedias rather than for print.
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The current challenge is that these consortium offers come with a high enough
price tag, that most institutions would need to find resources outside of TTIP
(Telecommunication and Technology Infrastructure Program), otherwise it would
be a challenge for that institution to have a strong suite of databases. Even with
the deep discount (vs. purchasing all of these individually online or in print), a
number of community colleges usually do not have a reference books budget
that comes close to even matching Gale’s offer of its original 2006 base package.
Even if an institution chose to go with newer titles and just chose the 2007 new
titles and new editions, it can still be over some community colleges’ budgets for
reference books.
Gale has understood community colleges’ budget challenges, and has offered to
split the cost over a period of two years. Gale also waives its low access fee the
first year an institution purchases. With current challenges of securing funding,
especially to purchase the bulky 2006 package, the review team recommends
that Gale offer a more flexible option of paying over a period of at least three
years. Another helpful option would be to offer smaller versions of its collection
for institutions that would want certain books online, but cannot afford the entire
collection. In a way, Gale is starting to offer this with the new 2007 titles and
2007 editions offer, but at the expense of not getting any other titles. Another
wish would be to allow an institution to have some flexibility in picking and
choosing titles. Gale did provide such an offer over two years ago when GVRL
was brand new to the consortium (at not as much a discount), but the vendor is
currently not providing such an option.
An institution can definitely choose to purchase individual titles and use the
Powersearch interface. However, in general, when there are not discounts, Gale
charges an electronic book title 10 percent over the print. There may be an
additional surcharge if the title is not from Gale or its affiliates, but from one of the
other publishers with which Gale has an agreement to host their ebook titles.
One review team member’s library would rather not have to buy books outright
but instead have a regular subscription database offer of GVRL—where
information would be updated with each new edition replacing a previous one,
and paying an annual subscription fee, just like with any Gale Resource Centers.
At present time, Gale does not provide a GVRL regular subscription with any
suite of titles, to the consortium. Access to a number of these titles is ONLY
available through GVRL (not available in any of Gale’s license databases).
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AVAILABILITY/ACCESSIBILITY OF SERVICE 2.9
Is access/connection to product reliable and stable? Is response time adequate?
Is product accessible to users with disabilities?
There are no restrictions on simultaneous users, on campus or remotely, no
books to check out, no limitation on printing of whole articles. It is a very
serviceable database.
The new user interface, begun in Spring, 2008, caused major slowing of
searches; some libraries reverted to the old interface until the problems were
resolved. Other products such as Literature Resource Center have had similar
problems with their migrations. The review team has concern, as slow
connections mean community college students who cannot afford high speed
modem connections may not be able to use the product. And since the purpose
of getting a product is to have the optimal searching experience, the review team
strongly urges Gale to resolve these issues as soon as possible. The basis of
selection must include accessibility in terms of response time.
The administrator module (at
http://support.gale.com/al/12/1/article.asp?aid=1817&tab=browse&bt=4&r=0.995
8174) offers a user interface in 9 languages, sub-collection management, Credo
Reference linking, Interlibrary Loan Linking, OpenURL linking and links to
holdings (OPAC). Though printing is available from the vendor interface as well
as the browser, many campuses have blocks on browser printing. No special
equipment is necessary (headphones, monitor resolutions). Links to holdings are
available for Serials Solutions, SFX, Open URL, etc. MARC records are available
for free.
Authentication is available for remote access via IP or passwords, library
managed passwords (Scripting, RPAS), referring URL, cookies, barcodes,
Shibboleth and Athens Authentication. EZProxy definitely works with GVRL.
Authorized Users include “walk ins” (guests who are physically at the Library).
A staff member knowledgeable in use of equipment for the disabled reported “I
have tried navigating the site with some of our software and it seems to me that
everything works rather well. I did not find anything I could not get to, and most of
the time navigating around was straightforward with our software. I looked at a
sampling of the documents available and was able to read them easily, and
JAWS did speak all the relevant information. So, as far as I can see, it passes
and may be better than average.”
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OTHER REVIEWS OF THIS PRODUCT
Brisco, Shonda. "Gale Virtual Reference Library." School Library Journal 52.12
(Dec. 2006): 83-83.
Golderman, Gail, and Bruce Connolly.. "Gale Virtual Reference Library." Library
Journal 129 (Dec. 2004): 18-19.
Jacsó, Péter. "CSA Illustrata, Gale Virtual Reference Library, and Cambridge
Journals." Online 31.3 (May 2007): 53-56.
Maret, S. “Gale Virtual Reference Library.” Charleston Advisor 7.4 (April
2006):17-19.
O'Gorman, Jack. "Gale Virtual Reference Library (Book)." Booklist 100.16 (15
Apr. 2004): 1472-1472.
O'Leary, Mick. "Gale Virtual Reference Library Supersizes Reference E-Books."
Information Today 21.5 (May 2004): 41-47.
Polanka, Sue. "Options for the E-reference Collection." Booklist 104.5 (01 Nov.
2007): 84-85.
Stoffel, B. "Gale virtual reference library 2.0." Choice: Current Reviews for
Academic Libraries 43.4 (Dec. 2005): 627-628.
APPENDIX ONE: TITLES IN SPRING 2008 OFFERS
NOTE: Future offers will likely have different titles, so take this as a general reference for what
has been offered since Fall 2006.
2006 Collection (Original):
American Decades Primary Sources
Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages
Eleanor Roosevelt Papers: The Human Rights Years, 1945-1948
Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.
Encyclopedia of the American Revolution and Landmarks of the American
Revolution: Library of Military History
Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450
Enfermedades y Trastornos de la Salud (Human Diseases and Conditions)
Extremist Groups: Information for Students
Gothic Literature: A Gale Critical Companion
Literary Newsmakers for Students, Volume 1
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Literary Themes for Students: War and Peace
Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film
Scribner Library of Modern Europe -- Includes both Europe 1789-1914:
Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire -- & -- Europe Since 1914:
Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction
Social Issues Primary Sources Collection
World Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Correctional Systems, 2nd ed.
World of Sports Science
Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations Dictionary, 37th ed.
American Men and Women of Science, 23rd ed.
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 12
Career Information Center, 9th ed.
College Blue Book, 34th ed.
Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2007
Encyclopedia of Business and Finance, 2nd ed.
Encyclopedia of Global Industries, 3rd ed.
Encyclopedia of Major Marketing Campaigns, Volume 2
Encyclopedia of Small Business, 3rd ed.
Encyclopedia of World Biography, Volume 26
Gale Encyclopedia of Everyday Law, 2nd ed.
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.
Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health, 2nd ed.
Information Plus Reference Series Fall 2006
Information Plus Reference Series Spring 2006
Literary Themes for Students, Volumes 3 and 4
Major 21st Century Writers, 3rd ed.
Manufacturing and Distribution USA, 4th ed.
Newsmakers 2006 Cumulation
Notable Black American Men, 2nd ed.
Scholarships, Fellowships and Loans, 23rd ed.
VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever 2007
Who's Who Among African Americans, 19th ed.
Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, 12th ed.
Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States, 7th ed.
Writers Directory 2007
American History Through Literature 1820-1920
American Law Yearbook 2005
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 11
Cities of the United States, 5th ed.
Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2006
Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, 2nd ed.
Encyclopedia of India
Encyclopedia of Management, 5th ed.
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd ed.
Encyclopedia of Religion
Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics
Encyclopedia of the New American Nation
Encyclopedia of World Biography, Volume 25
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Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer, 2nd ed.
Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence
Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders, 2nd ed.
Governments of the World: A Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and
Responsibilities
History of World Trade Since 1450
Information Plus Reference Series Fall 2005
Information Plus Reference Series Spring 2005
International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis
Newsmakers 2005 Cumulation
The People's Chronology
World of Forensic Science
Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices
Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students
African American Almanac, 9th ed.
African-American Years: Chronologies of American History and Experience
American Decades
American Women Writers
Americans at War
Ancient Europe, 8000 BC to 1000 AD: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian
World
Animal Sciences
Arts and Humanities Through the Eras
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Popular Musicians Since 1990
Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America
Biology
Building Blocks of Matter: A Supplement to the Macmillan Encyclopedia of
Physics
Business Leader Profiles for Students
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 1
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 10
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 2
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 3
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 4
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 5
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 6
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 7
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 8
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 9
Canadian Parliamentary Guide 2005
Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
Child Development
Cities of the World, 6th ed.
Company Profiles for Students
Computer Sciences
Contemporary American Religion
Contemporary Fashion
Contemporary Hispanic Biography, Volume 1
Contemporary Hispanic Biography, Volume 2
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Contemporary Hispanic Biography, Volume 3
Contemporary Hispanic Biography, Volume 4
Contemporary Novelists
Contemporary Poets
Countries and Their Cultures
Dictionary of American History
Dictionary of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Drugs and Controlled Substances: Information for Students
Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco: Learning about Addictive Behavior
Encyclopedia of Aging
Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy
Encyclopedia of American Industries, 4th ed.
Encyclopedia of American Religions, 7th ed.
Encyclopedia of Bioethics
Encyclopedia of Buddhism
Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society
Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion
Encyclopedia of Communication and Information
Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice
Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior
Encyclopedia of Education
Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security
Encyclopedia of European Social History
Encyclopedia of Food and Culture
Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture
Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in
America
Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
Encyclopedia of Population
Encyclopedia of Public Health
Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America
Encyclopedia of Russian History
Encyclopedia of Science and Religion
Encyclopedia of Sociology
Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
Encyclopedia of the Great Depression
Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
Encyclopedia of World Biography, vols. 1 - 23
Encyclopedia of World Biography, Volume 24
Encyclopedia of World Cultures
Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement
Environmental Encyclopedia
Europe, 1450 to 1789: An Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
Feminism in Literature: A Gale Critical Companion
Gale E-Commerce Sourcebook
Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, 2nd ed.
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Gale Encyclopedia of E-Commerce
Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America
Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology
Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed.
Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained
Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History
Genetics
Geo-Data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia
Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression
History Behind the Headlines
History of the American Cinema, 10 vol. set
Information Plus Reference Series Fall 2004
Information Plus Reference Series Spring 2004
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers
International Directory of Business Biographies
International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family
Learning and Memory
Macmillan Encyclopedia of Death and Dying
Macmillan Encyclopedia of Energy
Major 21st-Century Writers
Major Acts of Congress
Mathematics
Modern American Literature
National Survey of State Laws, 5th ed.
New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement, Jubilee Volume: The Wojtyla
Years
New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed.
New Dictionary of the History of Ideas
Newsmakers 2004 Cumulation
Nonfiction Classics for Students
Notable Sports Figures
Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
Plant Sciences
Political Theories for Students
Pollution A to Z
Presidents: A Reference History
Psychologists and Their Theories for Students
Reference Guide to Holocaust Literature
Reference Guide to Short Fiction, 2nd ed.
Reference Guide to World Literature
Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students
Science and Its Times
Science in Dispute, Volume 1
Science in Dispute, Volume 2
Science in Dispute, Volume 3
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Science of Everyday Things
Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: Sports Figures
Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: The 1960s
Social Trends and Indicators USA
Space Sciences
St. James Encyclopedia of Labor History Worldwide
St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture
Tobacco in History and Culture: An Encyclopedia
Water: Science and Issues
Weather Almanac
West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 2nd ed.
World Education Encyclopedia
World of Earth Science
World of Microbiology and Immunology
World Press Encyclopedia
Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies
New Collections
1.
2007 NEW TITLES --
Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North
Africa
Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volumes 1-26
Encyclopedia of Products and Industries
Encyclopedia of Race and Racism
Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Culture Society History
Everyday Finance: Economics, Personal Money Management, and
Entrepreneurship
Gale Encyclopedia of Diets
Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: Government
Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: War
Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments
Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War
Gale Library of Daily Life: Slavery in America
Infectious Diseases in Context
New Encyclopedia of Africa
Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature
2.
2007 NEW EDITIONS --
Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations Dictionary, 38th ed.
African American Almanac, 10th ed.
American Law Yearbook 2007
Business Plans Handbook, Volume 13
College Blue Book, 35th ed.
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Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2008
Encyclopedia of American Industries, 5th ed.
Encyclopedia of Emerging Industries, 5th ed.
Encyclopedia of Global Industries, 4th ed.
Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Volume 27
Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health, 2nd ed.
Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 4th ed.
Information Plus Reference Series Fall 2007
Information Plus Reference Series Spring 2007
International Encyclopedia of Social Science, 2nd ed.
Literary Newsmakers for Students, Volume 2
Literary Themes for Students: The American Dream
National Survey of State Laws, 6th ed.
Newsmakers 2007 Cumulation
Scholarships, Fellowships and Loans, 24th ed.
Shakespeare for Students, 2nd ed.
VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever 2008
Who's Who Among African Americans, 20th ed.
Writers Directory 2008
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