Abstract
This research paper seeks to study experience of development and promotion of tourism business in FEZ, also analyses of economic matters of second and third generation of free economic zones (industrial-manufacturing and tekhnopolice) and their comparison with touristic sphere. The aim of research paper is conclusions and suggestions, which help to know and understand for what FEZ are exist in Kazakhstan, also to determine the conditions of development to find out obstacles and the factors that affect its development with further development of FEZ. This research paper represents that zones of these generations can be regarded as local conservation of partnership realization, that will allow exploiting and realizing new business conceptions of developing touristic sphere in «Burabay» FEZ. The research paper develops recommendations for destination strategy.
Introduction
Creation of free economic zones brings along a socio-economic development, strengthening of strategic positions of the state in the world market. FEZ is created with the purpose of increase of production competitiveness, increase of currency receivables, complex use of state, commercial and foreign capital. As an institutional innovation in Kazakhstan FEZ are oriented to implement the separate strategic tasks such, as an increase of competitiveness of national economy on world markets, walking away from raw export-material specialization in international connections.
Formation of FEZ in Kazakhstan is called to decide such tasks, as bringing in the economy of country of foreign capital, technologies and new forms of organization of labour. Free economic zones are able to produce considerable structural changes in the economy of Kazakhstan, to increase of stake raw immaterial, hi-tech and service sectors, to create and develop new perspective industries and directions, give up unpromising productions and industries. FEZ is especially important, because they can assist getting up of enterprise culture, forming the new standards of life, increase of the degree of development innovativeness of one or another territory and country on the whole.
In many countries next modifications of free economic zones are used:
- free trade zones are the territorial formations shown outside national custom territory;
- specialized(industrially-, trade- and scientific and production), possessing the dedicated custom mode, fiscal and financial privileges;
- innovative, concentrating national and foreign research, project and scientific and production firms, prepossessing the single system of fiscal and financial privileges;
- complex are zones of free enterprise, special and special economic zones.
Literature Review

We will consider development of the specialized economic zones in Kazakhstan. In 2007 by the Laws "On the special economic zones in Republic of Kazakhstan", and also "About making alteration and additions in some legislative acts of
РК on questions of activity of the special economic zones" was signed by the President of
Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev.
The Government program "30 corporate leaders of Kazakhstan", sent to successful realization of breach projects was worked out. For the acceleration of their realization it was announced the numerous privileges, given to manufacturers within the framework of new zonal formations for the economy of Kazakhstan providing state stimulation of industrially-innovative development.
The primary purpose of the specialized zones is the creation or development of separate, priority from the point of view of national interests of country, industries of economy, separate productions, separate spheres of public or state activity. The legal mode of such zones reflects the declared aims and stimulates the development of only corresponding spheres of activity: privileges and preferences operate only in regard to those subjects activity of that corresponds to the aims of creation of zone.
It is also necessary to say that, Kazakhstani economic zones attracted a foreign capital, currency receivables, created infrastructures with the purpose of expansion of external economic connections, inculcated the modern methods of management and management and to that end passed enterprises in an external management to the home and foreign investors, inculcated the modern methods of management a production, founded the international standards of business collaboration. The social problems of zone supposed to decide due to creation of additional workplaces and providing the employment of population, increase of living standards of citizens of this region, building of accommodation, development of necessary infrastructure.
Methodology
In Kazakhstan successful development was got by 6 FEZ "Astana is a new city", "Morport
Акtau", "Park of information technologies", "
Оntustyk", "National industrial petrochemical technological parks", "Burabay", and also 2 industrial zones in cities both Astana and Karaganda.
For example, on the territory of FEZ "Astana - a new city" 277 objects are registered. 29 investment projects will be realized in the economic zone of " Morport Акtau". In "Park of information technologies" there registered
63 companies. On territory of "
Оntustyk" two investment projects of companies of "OxyTextile" and
"Chlopkoprom-sellyuloza" are realized. In "National industrial petrochemical technological parks" a project will be realized through building of the integrated gazchemical complex.
Kyzylordinskaya economic zone has been functioned for the series of years the basic tasks of that was: mastering of oil and gas deposits of Southturgays basin, increase of volumes of booty of oil and gas, introduction of new oil-processing productions, producing of export of oriented commodities as cardboard and paper products.
At the end of 2011 additionally three new FEZ with a concrete branch orientation were created in Kazakhstan.
In Karaganda region FEZ "SariArka" was created which was focused on the development of metallurgy and metal-processing, in Аlmaty region FEZ "Khоrgos - East Gate" the development of transport-logistic potential, in the Pavlodar region FEZ " Pavlodar" aimed to the development of chemical and petrochemical fields of industry.
Among FEZ it is possible to mark Lisakovsk, that produced experience of functioning in particular economic treatment. In 1992 Lisakovsk which is located in Kostanay region the status of free economic zone was given.
Then in 1996 on Decree of President "About the special economic zones" it was regenerated in the special economic zone. Lisakovskaya FEZ began to function in the conditions of market economy on the basis of
Lisakovski ore mining and processing combine (it has 40% from a general industrial production of city volume).

In a zone development was got by enterprises on processing of agricultural produce, and it decided the problem of providing food and to a certain extent to employment of population. [3]
The first zone of new generation appeared in 2002. FEZ "Astana is a new city" was created by the Decree of the President of RK on July,29 2001. №645 "About creation of the special economic zone "Astana is a new city" and began to function since January,1 2002. The primary objective of this FEZ creation is providing of speed-up development of administratively-business center of the capital - left-bank of the river Ishim and the creation of modern infrastructure, building of unique objects of the administrative and sociocultural setting, comfort accommodation, providing of favourable conditions for economic and social development of the capital as well. The territory of FEZ made 1052,6 ha initially, that grew to 5900 ha for today. It most effective FEZ in
Kazakhstan. On territory of FEZ "Astana is a new city" by beginning of 2010 141 projects had been realized on total of 628 milliards tenge.
FEZ "
Моrport Акtau", functioning since January, 1 2003 as follows from the name, located on territory of marine trade port and adherent to it the territory within the limits of city
Акtаu. The total area of FEZ arranged 227,1ha originally, according to Decree of the President RK №853 dated April, 26 2002. "About creation of the special economic zone of "
Моrport Аktau", but later it was extended and at present it comprises of 2000ha. This FEZ is created for steadily development, increases of competitiveness of national economy and its integration in the world economic system, involving the Kazakhstan economy in world trade and increases of its value of external trade. The amount of the realized projects is only three units to the amount of 13 milliards of tenge.
FEZ "Park of information technologies" was created in 2003 aimed to the development of industry of IT in
Kazakhstan and the creation high-efficiency, including hi-tech and oriented to the export, productions of modern information technologies, mastering of producing of new types of products of information technologies, attracting investments. The territory of FEZ, by the total area of 343 ha, is located in township
Аlatau Меdeu district of
Аlmaty and adherent earth of the area of Аlmaty . Financing of projects of FEZ while mainly carries out the "National innovative fund". As it was told in FEZ, the decision of infrastructural questions requires primary attention, in parallel, or passing ahead the decision of questions by land and building of FEZ. So, at the existent state of infrastructural questions, even on condition of selection of lots of lands on the already bought and executed earth back, realization of further project and building activity can appear difficult because of the absence of necessary technical requirements, in particular because of the absence of backlogs on electric power. In times of FEZ functioning 23 projects are created to the amount of a more than 10 billion tenge.
Presently, the master-plan of creation of tourist center "Burabay" is worked out and ratified, certain companyoperator on building of FEZ "Burabay". According to worked out master to the plan, realization of project is prearranged for 12 years till 2021 with laying out on seven stages, the planned bringing in of investments in a project will make 3 billion US dollars. The territory of FEZ comprises 370 ha. It gets organized for the creature of high-efficiency and competitive tourist infrastructure able to provide and satisfy the necessity of Kazakhstan and foreign travelers. [4] It is expected, actually on earth of zone an unblemished motor transport will begin to be used ecologically, such as a little aviation. "Burabay" will begin to have a single base of the travelers given for service. The high priority types of work are planned to be: organization and becoming the cultural and cognitive, healthy, ecological, business, sporting and another types of tourism; suggestion of heterogeneous tourist services conformable to the international stereotypes, in the field of health promotion, entertainment, grant of motor transport, hotel, excursion, informative services and others; organization of promotion of production of various souvenir products, regarding to the state topic. As the perimeters of FEZ are counted by the custom border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the borders of zone are equipped by the special enclosure.
Geographically FEZ is located on the north coast of lake of Shuchie on the territory of public state natural park
"Burabay".
SWOT-analysis of the development of FEZs in Kazakhstan
Strengths
1. Favorable business-climate of countries, supportedby economic and
Weaknesses
1. Ineffectiveness of adjusting and

political stability. managements.
2. Presence of rich natural andmineral resources in a country. 2. Bringing in of investors in infrastructure.
3. Advantageous geographical liking of Kazakhstan for large user markets of Central Asia and Russia. 3. Absence of account individual features of zones.
4. Bureaucratization.
Possibilities
1. Going into the markets of the Customs union and other countries.
2. Achievement of indicators of Government program of the forced industrially-innovative development of Republic of Kazakhstan to 2015.
5. Low efficiency of budgetary expenses.
Threats
Loss of investment attractiveness of FEZ in esult of ineffective public policy.
It is also necessary to mark, that on January, 31, 2007 in Akorda Nursultan Nazarbayev had been presented the plan of becoming of resort zone "Burabay" offering the tourist-entertaining ensemble in ashore of the lake
Shuchie. A working plan is considered to be executed by the Turkish company "BF Global", winning the tender.
Realization of this plan is pre-arranged for 12 years with laying out on 5 borders. The set recruiting of investments in a plan is 3 billion US dollars. In the scales of plan on the territory of zone the erection of 3 hotels(6 star ), 4 hotels(5 star), 7 hotels(4 star), 7 casinos, entertainment centers and shops, dwellings of 4-5storied buildings and villas, golf-club and horse-sport center, are taken into account. For the supporters of winter rest ice skating rinks will become organized and skiing highways are laid with front-rank lifts. Farther more introductions of all plans a resort zone will be able to undertake every year to 93 million persons.
Results
Now by the Ministry of industry and trade of republic - authorized body in the areas of creature and functioning of the specialized money zones - organizational measures are perceived on a creature administration, tax committee and custom of FEZ " Burabai". Earth of FEZ " Burabai" is considered the stake of custom earth of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which the custom mode of independent custom zone works on. Custom registration and control will begin to be carried out in a norm, envisaged by the customs legislation of Republic of Kazakhstan.
Release from the customs duties of taxes, and also application of mechanism of the entered equipment, raw material, materials, and also other commodities necessary for implementation of productive processes, it is necessary to mark:
-Firstly, a custom free zone, allowing to all physical and legal persons involved in economic activity within the limits of territory of city to use a right for the duty-free and untaxed import of commodities, is set.
-Secondly, the commodities produced on territory of the special economic zone are exempted from taxes at export.
-In the third, favorable tax treatment, that spreads foremost to the enterprises engaging in building and exploitation of the real estate, is forced into application.

After getting a capital status and organization of the special economic zone there is "Astana - a new city" a great number of modern architectonically-town-planning projects in city is realized The population of city grew with 270 thousand persons in 1996 to 633 thousands in 2008 Expansion of external economic relations and creation of favorable investment climate in the capital are one of main priorities of steady development of
Astana. The volume of investments in the fixed assets of city grew for 21 times - with a 19,3 billion tenge in
1997 to 436,9 billion tenge in 2007. 856 joint ventures with participation companies from many countries and
1344 foreign enterprises work in the capital, engaging in planning and building. Due to foreign capital investments large investment projects are put into effect: international airport, Islam cultural center, buildings of residence of the President and Akimat, Senate of Parliament and buildings of diplomatic small town.
The territory of FEZ was megascopic on 4387,8 ha, and the term of functioning is prolonged to 2010. Presently the territory of FEZ comprises 5440,4 ha, that almost is more in 5 times in comparison with primary area - 1-
52,6 ha. For all period of FEZ functioning 857 billion tenge are involved, that is 3,5 times more than prearranged volume. Considerably the infrastructure of city has been broadened and developed. Astana becomes the large cultural and tourist center of Kazakhstan. The amount of tourist firms in Astana has increased since
2005 to 2011 in 1,7 times- from 54 to 95. Profits from tourism increased in 1,5 times, the indexes of inbound tourism grew on 66 %, there is the considerable getting up on internal tourism - from 187749 to 256204 persons.
Presently regional Program of tourist industry development, creating terms for system and successive work of municipal authorities in the field of tourism, operates in Astana. For the realization of this program 43269 thousand tenge of budgetary facilities are allocated. The aim of this Program is the development of competitive tourist sector and increase of stake of tourism in the economy of city through perfection of organizationallyeconomic terms of internal and entrance tourism. The Program tasks are:
- realization of complex of measures on forming the bases of tourist cluster;
- development of tourist image of Astana;
- an assistance in training of personals of tourist industry.
In connection with the increase of population of city of Astana, increase of stream of foreign tourists arriving as on the business, so recreational aims of journey, there is a deficit of places of feed, placing and leisure. It is also necessary to mark that, along with the quantitative filling with of internal market the new objects of tourist infrastructure, and it should be promoted a service culture, extended possibilities of tourist services, diversified the tourist product of the capital. Taking into account that tourist industry is one of her priority directions, then in the period of 2008 to 2011 it is certain to take a reference-point on its system forming as to competitive industry, creating an economic multiplicative effect for other industries in totality presenting a tourist cluster.
Conclusion and Implications
For the integral strategy formulation, aimed at providing steady character of competitiveness of tourist sector of economy factors that give comparative advantages to the development of tourist industry in city Astana were certain in city Astana, :
- an increase of population of Astana city, and also a height over of number of arriving will be brought to the increase of requirement in a recreation;
- strengthening of role of Astana as an economic center of country, and also as cities of international value will create pre-conditions for the increase of business activity of population, considerably will increase the stake of business and eventful tourism the same in a general tourist stream;

- capital status, development of left-bank and building of 2 new centers on right and on the left bank in southeast direction will give an impulse to the increase of demand on excursion activity with the purpose of acquaintance with sights of city Astana;
- strengthening of urbanization of city will entail a requirement in the in a civilized manner-cognitive segment of economy.
Coming from the tendencies and factors indicated higher next priorities were distinguished in development of industry of tourism Astana:
- development of Astana as a center of business tourism;
- development of Astana as a center of in a civilized manner-cognitive tourism;
- development Astana as regional tourist service - center, transit-distributive knot, attendant ethnotourism, ecological and sporting-health tourism in near-by regions(Flue, Кurgaljino, lake Zerenda, Коyandi of and other).
For creation of tourist cluster on territory of city of Astana as basic components certain:
1. System formative tourist directions (indicated on priority) are :
- business tourism;
- in a civilized manner-cognitive tourism;
- ethnotourism;
- ecological tourism.
2. Service industries are:
- placing of tourists;
- industry of public food consumption;
- a transport infrastructure;
- industry of trade, rest and entertainments;
- a sphere of culture and sport;
- a production of foodstuffs, souvenirs, national clothing, tourist equipment, to the products with the symbolic of Astana etc.
3. Mechanisms of functioning of cluster are:
- marketing and advancement of tourist foods to the internal and external market.
- the informative providing;
- the electronic payment systems;

- the professional skilled providing.
Territories of FEZ were examined as being out of custom territory of Kazakhstan, the mode of custom free zone operated on that. On territory of zones assumed existence of all patterns of ownership, functioning of state enterprises and private firms.
Estimation of the modern state and experience of forming of FEZ show that the key factors of their success are:
· Attractiveness of the sectors chosen as priorities for a zone from the point of view of competitiveness of region;
· Degree of integration of sectors in the economy of region.
· Bringing in the investments;
· Providing of services to the participants.
· Financing of infrastructure;
· -package of stimuli : tax and custom deductions;
· -the Administrative barriers;
· -the Common adjusting by development of zone;
· [img width="577" height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/ww/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes=" Прямая_x0020_соединительная_x0020_линия_x0020_5">competitiveness of country.
· Competitiveness of region;
· Location of FEZ on territory of region.
· the Quality infrastructure;
· the Accessible industrial real estate;
· Base and specialized services for participants.
Analyzing the modern state of functioning FEZ in Kazakhstan it is possible to mark a few negative moments.
Weak working of conception of TEA on creation of FEZ; slow selection of the budgetary financing; the mechanism of bringing in of external managing company FEZ is absent; subzero effectiveness of

budgetary expenses (emptying conference halls are built instead of infrastructure); a construction is objects of FEZ of subzero quality, some collapse.
Problems and miscalculations, related to development of FEZ show evidently, that the serious revision of conceptual bases and strategy of their development is required. In former conceptions and grounds of creation of zones not to a full degree such important factors were taken into account as:
- advantage of economical - geographical position and optimality of sizes of territory, resource base;
- presence in the region of necessary productive and business infrastructure and favorable terms for foreign economic activity;
- presence of skilled potential.
Other task of the investment providing of industrial development is development of Kazakhstan maintenance, for the legal adjusting of processes of that more than 10 acts of government are worked out and ratified.
Ratified Single methodology of calculation of Kazakhstan maintenance at the purchases of commodities, works and services and List of organizations, purchase of commodities, works and services of that subject to monitoring of Kazakhstan maintenance.
The measures of state support of home commodity producers and home suppliers of works and services are certain.
Thus, creation of FEZ promoted Astana the dynamically developing center of country, plugging in itself a modern infrastructure, last innovative and informative technologies, positioning a city not only as the capital of
Kazakhstan but also as a large center of development of tourism.

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