Review Articles
Veregin, H. 1995. Ch. 5. In Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Using GIS. J. Pickles (ed). The Guilford Press. New York.
Dangermond, J. and L.K. Smith. 1988. GIS and the revolution in cartography: the nature of the roel played by a commercial organization. American
Cartographer. 15(3):301-310.
Something from foresman’s book.
Something from goodchild et al.
LAND USE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS
GIS Facilitates Regional Recycling Efforts by D. Himes and M. Fahl. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1993, pp. 37-39.
Description: This article describes the city of Portland Oregon's Recycling Information Program. The Program uses ARC/INFO GIS to enhance and
improve the efficiency and ability of staff to access information to respond to telephone inquiries. For instance, using zip codes, they can direct callers to
the nearest facility that recycles certain materials.
GIS Eases Resource Management Efforts by R. Troeger. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1993, pp. 50-52.
Description: GIS technology was employed by researchers in Alaska's Kenai Peninsula Borough to display land characteristics, uses and suggest
optimal areas for potential new growth. As well, environmental disasters such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill were tracked.
A Framework For Theory And Practice In Landscape Planning by C. Steinitz. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1993, pp. 42-45.
Description: The author used GIS software to predict viable futures for the Snyderville Basin, an under-developed region in Utah, near Salt Lake City.
GIS-Based Transit Information Bolsters Travel Options by N. Koncz and J. Greenfeld. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 9, July 1995. pp. 62-64.
Description: This article discusses the use of GIS to assist in planning trips and other useful information to aid public transportation riders. The
passenger will be able to enter origins and destinations and will receive directions through the use of maps and textual instructions.
"Univer-City" Partnership Brings People, Technology Together by J.J.Young, W.-N.Xiang, and O.J.Furuseth. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1993, pp.
52-54.
Description: This article describes how one small city formed a partnership with a nearby university to take advantage of GIS technology for planning,
without paying prohibitive start up costs.
GIS Forecasts Sewer Flows by Uzair M. Shamsi and Albert A. Schneider. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1993, pp. 60-64.
Description: A description of how GIS has helped to forecast sewer flows in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
Real Estate by Gilbert H. Castle III. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World, 1993, pp. 85-104.
Description: This chapter identifies the enormous potential for GIS application in the real estate field as the basis for real estate is location and the most
data intensive technology focusing on location is GIS. Examples are given as to how GIS may be used to search for homes meeting specific criteria and
then displayed on a map. Further examples use GIS to determine land values and improvements as well as for the purpose of property inventory. Further
potential applications discussed include the use of GIS in brokerage, appraisal, market ranking, mortgage underwriting, corporate real estate, property
investment, asset management and economic development.
Transportation and Navigation by Ann S. Badillo. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World, 1993, pp. 161-176.
Description: Six case studies are discussed which use GIS technology in the field of transportation and/or navigation:
1. Life fleet - discusses GIS for in-vehicle navigation, computer aided dispatch and fleet management in Florida; explains how emergency 911 calls
are handled through the new GIS,
2. Minute Man Delivery - a courier service which uses GPS and vehicle tracking system for deliveries in Los Angeles area,
3. Pac Tel: Teletrac Vehicle locator service - uses GIS and GPS to track vehicles,
4. Johanna Dairies: Routing and Distribution - GIS used for routing of dairy trucks for pick up and delivery,
5. Yellow Freight System Inc. - uses Arc/Info for use in freight transport through the creation of maps, terminal service area analysis and
facility/capacity display, and
6. Project Pathfinder and Trav Tek: Intelligent vehicle highway systems - uses GIS to find solutions to traffic congestion and management by providing
up-to-minute information on traffic and road conditions (in Orlando and California).
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Utilities by Joyce M. Rector. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World, 1993, pp. 193-208.
Description: This chapter provides a general discussion on the use of GIS by utility companies. It focuses on the significance of GIS in three major
areas and discusses these with respect to each of the differing utility companies (eg. phone, hydro, gas, water etc.). The three major use areas identified
are:
use for mapping and record keeping; this is a significant area as it is difficult to maintain up-to-date data that is geographically correct using only manual
techniques; using a GIS system, both the existing and proposed network condition can be examined,
use for work order design/generation, and
use via linking various systems and sharing data between and among systems to aid in better decision making. The most major problems facing utility
companies which may have solutions in GIS are maintaining, supporting and enhancing records and management.
Land From Water: controlling growth and change in polderland by Charles Alverson. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 7, Sept. 1993, pp. 32-35.
Description: Using GIS to control the mass of spatial information involved in creating a new and changing community called Almere in the Netherlands.
Strategic Planning: Building a Municipal GIS, the City of Scarborough, Ontario by William E. Huxhold. Managing Geographic Information System
Projects, 1995, pp. 230-231.
Description: Lists and discusses the strategic issues identified and addressed in modelling and project management of the GIS developed by the City of
Scarborough.
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City Operations Optimized with GIS by Peter Bennett. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1993, pp. 47-49.
Description: This article shows how Winnipeg, Manitoba has managed its wide range of land based information business functions from a expensive,
time consuming process to a beneficial GIS managed land based unit.The land based information includes: surveys and real estate, planning, parks,
transit, etc.
College Management System Invokes the 'Spirit' of GIS by A. Preston and P. Thwaites. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 5, June 1993, pp. 36-38.
Description: Chichester College develops a GIS which will incorporate within one environment all of the college's estate-management information.
Departments' GIS Sharing Improves Government Services, Information by B. Compton. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 9, November 1992, pp. 40-42.
Description: Cooperation between Florida counties has improved both services and information through the efficient sharing computer mapping data,
systems and services. Cities, citizens and county departments have access to property, utility and street information through GIS. The incorporation of
GIS into urban planning has saved a great deal of time and effort in service and utility planning in cities.
Winds of change: GIS helps site wind farms in NE France by Caroline Petit. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 6, July 1995, pp. xvi-xviii.
Description: This article explains how GIS was used to integrate climate and terrain data to determine the optimal sites for wind-powered electrical
generator farms in NE France.
The Czech Republic Builds Modern Mapping Capability by C. Alverson. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 10, December 1995, pp. 34-36.
Description: Czechlosovakia is digitizing its cadastral records, to help restore land to private ownership.
Built Environment by D.Martin. In: Geographic Information Systems And Their Socioeconomic Applications, NY: Routledge Press, 1991, pp. 30-33.
Description: This section describes GIS applications within built-up areas i.e. utilities management, road-networks.
GIS Addresses Land Issue of Indigenous Peoples by Mark Doucette. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1994, p. 28.
Description: First nations in Canada are using GIS both to help define the boundaries of their land and manage it. The First nations define their land by
"river basins, headwaters, mountain ranges and other naturally occurring boundaries". For discussion the maps can be shown as two dimensional
topographical maps, or three dimensional perspective view maps. The benefits of this are that the boundaries can be firmly identified instead of passing
the information from generation to generation word of mouth. Layers of native information such as hunting territories and camp sites can be now be
represented in a way that the government "can understand". Some of the First Nations involved in GIS are the Gitksan-Wet'suwet'en Peoples, the
Shuswap National Tribal Council and the Council for Yukon Indians.
GIS/CAD Solutions An Alaskan Case Study by Don Nelson. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 5, May 1995, p. 45.
Description: Arctic Slope Telephone Association Cooperative. ASTAC developed data management plan based on its corporate database model.
ASTAC used the plan to "update and centrally locate subscriber and outside plant data in a single data plant management system". The company is
using ArcCAD based software called OSP for its plant mapping. OSP was used as a GIS when ARC/INFO files were converted to the ArcCAD format. As
a result ASTAC was able to find suitable locations for future facilities. OSP also allowed the company to find alternate locations for one of its towers that
was in conflict with flight paths.
Coping With Rapid Development: County "Reinvents" Government with GIS Assistance by Ginger M. Juhl. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1994, pp.
30-34.
Description: Lee County, Fla which is the third fastest growing County in the United States has seen its population explode during the last 14 years.
Consequently, the local government made cost cutting measures in its administration in order to reroute the capital to the growing need for services. Lee
County created a County wide parcel level topological digital database. In 1984 the County appraiser and the Land Information System Group automated
their mapping functions and cooperated to avoid conflict in mapping. 70% redundancy was eliminated while still enhancing the management aspect of
the database. As a result of these moves toward government rationalization LIS personnel were grouped together with the County appraiser for any GIS.
Now data is captured once by the County, and all expertise of the municipal administration is found in one spot.
An experiment in land-use allocation with a geographic information system by C. Dana Tomlin and Kevin M. Johnston. In: Introductory Readings in
Geographic Information Systems, by Peuquet, Donna J. and Duane F. Marble, Pennsylvania: Taylor & Francis. Bristol, 1990, pp. 159-169
Description: The use of GIS to characterize different sites and situations in terms of their relative suitability for the location of a land use and to provide a
prescription of how best to achieve it.
Use of geographic information systems for interpreting land-use policy and modelling effects of land-use change by R. Aspinall. In: Landscape Ecology
and GIS, London: Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 223-236.
Description: Applying GIS based methods to a wide range of land management and land-use planning issues including the interpretation and
formulation of land-use policy.
GIS Capabilities on a Low Budget by B.Kreps. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1995, pp. 62-64.
Description: The Gwich'in Tribal Council of the Northwest Territories have started a GIS to aid in recording and monitoring leases and access to its
lands; developing a land-use plan; and wildlife management (caribou, moose, fish and gravel).
Understanding Poland: Towards Social and Technical Reorientation by R.Pryjomko. GIS Europe, Vol. 3, No. 9, November 1994, pp. 24-25.
Description: This article discusses the development of GIS applications at the local and regional levels within Poland and its increasing acceptance as a
geoinformation management tool.
Enterprise wide GIS Brightens Electric Utility's Future by M.Rogers. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1995, pp. 48-50.
Description: The City of Calgary Electric System (CCES) is using cost effective GIS to track down which cables need replacing and upgrading in its
power grid. Two Canadian companies; M3i Systems Inc., Longueuil, Quebec and SHL System house Inc., Ottawa, Ontario are involved in the
implementation. The goal is to plan for the future, save money and decrease periods of electrical outage.
Houston Powers Up for Enterprise wide Computing by L.Lang. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1995, pp. 58-60.
Description: Houston Lighting and Power uses its GIS as the unifying database manager of all its separate corporate divisions. The GIS allows workers
to track problem areas, predict where failures may occur and model hurricane scenarios. (This article does not go into one specific GIS application in
much detail but it may be useful to someone doing a project on urban planning.)
GIS Supports Urban Rezoning by C.Moore, C.Donaldson, and R.Burrus. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 61-63.
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Description: The article describes how a GIS can be used as an analytical tool to city planners involved in a complex rezoning project in Columbus,
Ohio. The GIS was used to make rezoning categories and boundaries.
A Framework For Theory And Practice In Landscape Planning by C. Steinitz. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1993, pp. 42-45.
Description: The author used GIS software to predict viable futures for the Snyderville Basin, an under-developed region in Utah, near Salt Lake City.
Urban GIS Applications by R. Parrott and F.P. Stutz Maguire, D.J., M.F. Goodchild, and D. Rhind. In: Systems: Principles and Applications, New York:
John Wiley and Sons, 1991, pp. 247-260.
Description: The use of GIS's in urban applications is presented with examples from San Diego. As it is one of the fastest growing cities in the U.S., San
Diego relies on the efficiency of GIS's to obtain population, housing, and economic forecasts. Urban models and the use of geographical overlays are
described. GIS's have proven to be invaluable to urban planning, and are versatile to the point of being applicable universally.
A Real View of Risk by H. Bakker and O. Kaasa. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 9, November 1995, Regional Focus, pp. x-xii.
Description: A Norwegian insurance firm teams with a GIS firm to establish a database indicating relative risk associated with different areas.
Planning the Railways of the Future - With GIS by Jim Baumann. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 9, November 1995, pp. 32-33.
Description: GIS is used to plan rail routes by bringing "previously disparate data sets" together.
Point de depart: GIS as a driving force in the Loire by Jane Marshall. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 6, July 1995, pp. x-xiii.
Description: This article describes the role of GIS in improving the safety of road networks in the Loire valley and in making sure drivers can find their
way around more easily through clearer sign postage. Additionally, information gathered in the GIS is used to prioritize road repairs and ensure their cost
effectiveness. Road networks are mapped and surface age and visual conditions of carriageways are recorded. From this, the GIS has been used as a
planning policy tool, to collect accident statistics and to produce a master plane for road sign posting of hazards, direction, speed and turns.
GIS Supports Sustainable Development by Ed B. Wikin, Paul C. Rump and Brian Rizzo. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 10, December 1992, pp. 55-57.
Description: GIS provides a practical tool for achieving the transition to sustainable development.
State Transportation Department Empowered By GIS by Patti Smith. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1993, pp. 34-37.
Description:This article discusses how the Indiana Department of Transportation desperately was in need of a GIS system to assist in the management
and development of its highways. The article discusses the challenges, procedures and management activity the GIS system helped to overcome.
South Carolina finds Economical Way to update Digital Road Data by Richard Lacy. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 10, December 1992, pp. 58-60.
Description: The use of GIS and Remote Sensing to update the current road location and information in South Carolina.
Three Heads Are Better Than One: Dissolving National Boundaries For Effective Planning by J.Schaller, T.Ebert and J.Vodnansky. GIS Europe, Vol. 4,
No. 8, October 1995, pp. 28-30.
Description: A central GIS is used as a key tool in the decision-making process of a trilateral, cooperative approach that is trying to solve some of the
problems of an ecologically sensitive area which lies on the borders of Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Austria. Utilized as an integrative tool and an
issue-based information system, basic information and strategic concepts are effectively presented to the parties involved. After identifying some of the
region's typical problems, maps, models and proposals have been developed in an attempt to find solutions.
Enterprise wide GIS Reduces Traffic Congestion by Roy R. Hernandez.. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 1995, pp. 48-51.
Description: In Los Angeles, Ca, GIS implementation is planned in order to provide for real-time traffic monitoring, planning new roads, and other
transportation related applications.
Ekspro: A Danish GIS for Processing Property Matters by Soren Baumgarten. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 9, November 1995, Regional Focus, pp. xviii-xx.
Description: The Danish Road Directorate uses a new GIS to facilitate land acquisition in expanding its road network.
GIS-Based Transit Information Bolsters Travel Options by Nicholas Koncz and J. Greenfield. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 7, July 1995, pp. 62-64.
Description: GIS is used to coordinated schedules between different transportation types to maximize efficiency.
GIS-Based Transit Information Bolsters Travel Options by N. Koncz and J. Greenfeld. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 9, July 1995, pp. 62-64.
Description: This article discusses the use of GIS to assist in planning trips and other useful information to aid public transportation riders. The
passenger will be able to enter origins and destinations and will receive directions through the use of maps and textual instructions.
GIS Applications Benefit from Census Transportation Planning Data by Howard Simkowitz. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1993, pp. 38-40.
Description: A discussion on details and examples on how Census Transportation Planning Package, produced by the US sensus Bureau, is helpful in
transportation planning.The package contains a state wide and an urban component.
Back on the road: GIS in Public transport information systems by Tim Wood and Mark Percival. GIS Europe, Vol. 3, No. 8, October 1994, pp. 22-25
Description: A short article describing how a GIS system has been integrated into the public transport system in London England.
Affordable Data Conversion Convinces Property Appraiser to Adopt GIS by D. Ray Harrison Jr.. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 8, October 1992, pp. 56-58.
Description: A small, rural county in Florida, with limited financial and personnel resources, purchased and successfully operates a GIS for uses such as
tax map preparation and maintenance, comprehensive plan management and 911 emergency service.
Real Estate Applications Target New Market Niche. by David Forrest.. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 12, December 1994, p. 34.
Description: This article identifies and evaluates new GIS s which have been developed to service the needs of the real estate industry.
GIS Opportunities Wide Open in Real Estate by G. M. Juhl. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 9, November 1992, pp. 86-89.
Description: GIS is used to target customers more effectively and to pinpoint optimum location for new stores. Insurance companies often use GIS to
determine premiums and reach new prospects. There is great potential in real estate for GIS implementation, whereby buyers and sellers can sift through
and cross reference information sources, identify potential purchase sites, narrow the choices based on a large combination of criteria, and view these
choices graphically.
Goin' Mobile: Odessa's Road to GIS-Based Pavement Management by S.Smith. GIS World, Vol.9, No.9, September 1996, pp. 46-48.
Description: In an effort to reduce existing manual mapping and planning operations (time consuming), the Texas Department of Transportation has a
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pilot program under way considered to be the most sophisticated GIS-based pavement management system in the world. It incorporates roadway
inventory software that integrates digital images, spatial and linear reference data, maps and databases so users can create, verify, and update
inventory data so that scheduling preventative maintenance becomes faster and easier.
GIS Moves California's Motorists Toward the 21st Century by J. Springer. EOM, Vol.5, No.9. September 1996, pp. 37-38
Description: The state of California has designed a next generation GIS to maintain and manage it's highway system.
The Predictive Use of GIS to Model Property Valuations by P. Longley, G. Higgs and D. Martin . International Journal of Geographic Information
Systems, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 217-235
Description: GIS is used to analyze and predict the market value of properties for taxation purposes in Great Britain.
GIS Streamlines City's Information System by G. Williams. GIS World, Vol. 9, No. 10, October 1994, pp. 54-56.
Description: The use of automated mapping/ facilities management/ GIS (AM/FM/GIS) to help the city of Auckland run smoothly and easily update
information on a wide variety of city related tasks.
GIS Pioneers New Permit Path by J. J. Roper . GIS World, Vol. 9, No. 10, October 1994, p. 59.
Description: A short article discussing the use of GIS as a tool in the decision making process for highway expansion while involving a number of
different agencies.
The Thailand Land Titling Project by Peter Angus-Leppan. International Journal of GIS, Vol.3, No.1, pp.59-68.
Description: GIS is used to issue titles to eligible landowners, to improve land administration, and to establish a land valuation system.
FAA Uses GIS to Analyze Flight Spacing Patterns by Unnamed. GIS World, Vol.9, No.2, pp.22-23.
Description: GIS is used to analyze and regulate air traffic.
Entertainment Boomtown Maximizes GIS Use by Jason Siebrecht. GIS World, Vol.9, No.2, pp.38.
Description: GIS is used to organize urban planning in Branson Missouri.
Integrated Systems, Advanced Users Reflect the State of GIS in Utilities by James Black . GIS World, Vol.9, No.2, pp.46-48.
Description: How GIS is used in such utilities as, gas, water, and electricity, and these uses are changing.
GIS Tracks Kathmandu Valley's Urban Explosion by Barry Haack, David Craven, and Susan McDonald Jampoler. GIS World, Vol.9, No.2, pp.54-57.
Description: GIS is used to map urban growth in the rapidly expanding country of Nepal.
GIS and Planning in the U.S.A. by G. William and N. Soubra. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Vol.6, No.4, 1992, pp.267-278
Description: The paper summarizes a survey performed in selected municipal planning departments in relation to the use of GIS in planning.
Road Network Detection from SPOT Imagery for Updating Geographic Information Systems in the Rural-Urban Fringe by J. Wang, P.M. Treitzand and
P.J. Howarth. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems, Vol.6, No.2, 1992, pp.141-157.
Description: This paper describes how municipalities can update maps of road networks in newly developed areas using GIS and satellite imagery.
Grand Plan for the Duchy by Carolyn Fry . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp.32-34.
Description: GIS will be used by the Luxembourg government to map and store property characteristics, such as topography, land use, and ownership
data.
Directing Traffic in the Netherlands by Sharon L. Cooper. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp.38-40.
Description: This article describes how GIS will integrate traffic information, such as hazards, direction and changes in volume, in order to assist in
traffic management
Prototype System To Support Helicopter Tracking Operations by Keith Croteau and Colin Harris . GIS World, Vol.9, No.8, August 1996, pp. 42-45
Description: To help track helicopter fleets, passengers and cargo in the Antarctic environment the Helicopter Operations Tracking Systems (HOTS)
has been developed. This prototype information system will manage, query and display data related to helicopter operations. HOTS links a geographical
information system to a database to analyze helicopter operations data such as number of flights, quantities of passengers and cargo and produce
information graphs, tables and maps. Another potential application is selecting sites for scientific research for example identifying sites with a minimal
level of visitation and thus low probable disturbance.
Old Traditions, New Demands by Robert J Hickey and Michael B. Shillenn . GIS World Vol 8, No.6, June 1995, pp. 58-61
Description: Using GIS the Lancaster County, Pa balances Amish traditions with modern demands such as growth and resource management, property
assessment and emergency response. Due to rapid development in the 1980's the county needed tools to manage growth and rapidly disappearing farm
land. GIS provides as a management tool.
Mexico Implements National Cadastre Modernization Program by Dennis H. Klein . GIS World Vol 8, No.6, June 1995, pp. 62-64
Description: Mexico is using GIS to manage and update land records. The expected GIS benefits include: 1. attracting foreign investment due to
increased confidence and lower cost of doing business 2. improving problem resolution through better information assembly, processing and
communication.
GIS and Models of Accessibility Potential: An Application In Planning by S.C.M.Geertman and J.R.Ritsema Van Eck . International Journal Of GIS,
Vol.9, No.1, January- February 1995, pp. 67-80.
Description: GIS is used to analyze accessibility and mobility in the Netherlands in order to stimulate the use of public transportation in the planning
process.
An Intelligent Expert System Shell for knowledge-based GISs: 2. Some Applications by Yee Leung and Kwong Sak Leung. . International Journal of
Geographical Information Systems, Vol.7, No.3, May-June 1993, pp.201-213.
Description: GIS is used to classify land types with remotely- sensed data in Hong Kong by identifying vegetated areas with varying intensities. A
second application discussed in this paper was classifying Taiwan into 9 climatic regions.
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GIS Benefits Long Range Facilities Planning by David Pieper . GIS World, Vol.9, No.11, November 1996, pp.58-60.
Description: GIS is used to evaluate optimal locations for new facilities in Sherbourne County in order to accommodate anticipated population growth
and the demand for efficient county services by existing residents.
Seneca County, Ohio Uses Mobile Mapping Technology by Transmap Corp. . EOM, Vol 5, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 13.
Description: GIS system is used to map the transportation infrastructure along all of the county roads in Seneca County.
Inside the Dutch Cadastre by R.van der Molen . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.10, October 1996, pp. 28-30.
Description: The Netherlands is utilizing GIS to combine land registration data such as land ownership, land use, private and public property, and
combining it with census data with the names, addresses, and birth dates of claimants. This database will become an important resource for other
agencies that will link their own attribute information to the database.
Folk Memories into Fixed Assets by R.Evans . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.10, October 1996, pp. 32-34.
Description: Albania is using GIS to record all land and property data. This will aid in resolving ownership disputes.
Taking Stock With Takaros by I.Papp . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.10, October 1996, pp. 36-38.
Description: The Ministry of Agriculture of Hungary is utilizing GIS to compensate former landowners by giving them land units subdivided from areas
set aside by the government. The GIS contains location, ownership history, and other legal facts pertaining to land parcels.
A GIS in the Pipeline by C.Fry. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.10, October 1996, pp. 40-42.
Description: Shell's pipelines in the Netherlands and Belgium have been converted into digital format. The GIS pipelines also provide topographic and
land-ownership maps as well as inspection data and pipeline history. The GIS will increase management efficiency be used to analyze data from pipe
inspections to assess causes of damage.
Using GIS system and satellite imagery within a numerical simulation of regional urban growth By Meaille, R. and L.Wald . Int. J. Geographical
Information Systems 4(4): 445-456, 1990
Description: This paper summarizes the use of a GIS and satellite imagery with a numerical model simulating urban growth.
Artificial neural networks for land-cover classification and mapping. By D.L. Civco. . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Vol.7,
No.2, March-April 1993, pp. 173-186.
Description: This article describes the application of image processing and pattern recognition approaches to the problem of deriving land-cover
information from Landsat TM digital imagery.
An outbreak of GIS in Iceland by Gudmunder Hafberg . GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1996, pp.32-34.
Description: The article discusses how GIS is being used extensively in Iceland for the mapping of utilities, the efficient allocation of police services and
traffic control.
GIS and Railroads: The Time is Now by: A. Keir, and R.L. Rishchynski . GIS WORLD Report/CANADA, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 9-11.
Description: This article discusses the use of a GIS system for real estate and facilities management with an emphasis on management of railroads.
The use of GIS for mapping railroads is considered according to the benefits a GIS system can offer a company.
Automate Transportation Corridor Allocation By B.D. Lee and C. D. Tomlin . GIS World, Vol. 10, No. 1, January 1997, pp. 56-60.
Description: Cartographic modeling, a raster GIS based methodology, was used to determine the effects of a highway extension in New Jersey. Cost
pathways were determined based on development costs and proximity to wetlands and communities. Detailed accounts of how various pathways were
determined are included.
Where do we go from here? Planning transport infrastructure at European regional level by J.Gutierrez, G.Gomez and M.Gould . GIS Europe, Vol.5,
No.4, April 1996, pp.xv-xvii.
Description: The European union's goal is to improve and homogenize transport networks across Europe. GIS plays a key role in the planning process
by demonstrating graphically the effects of adding or upgrading a transport link. This is an excellent article that displays the immediate benefits of using
GIS.
Digital land base maps for Pipeline re-surveying and mapping. by: David McGee . EOM, Vol.5, No.12, December 1996, pp. 23-25
Description: The rigors of resurveying and mapping an acquired pipeline can be daunting. Mid-American Pipeline has made its survey and mapping
more profitable by applying mainstream PC-bases software, Global Positioning Systems and digital land base maps.
County officials find Cost-effective Mapping Solution. by: Dataware Electronics . EOM, Vol.5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 50
Description: Island County selected source-view which is an imagery service to administer their Assessor's and planning departments. The Assessor's
office can now provide landowners with information on their property in a matter of minutes instead of hours it previously took.
Land use planning: A decision support system by McClean;C.J.; Watson;P.M.; Wadsworth,;R.A.; Blaikloc;J.; O;Callaghan,;J.R. .
J;ENVIRON;PLANN;MANAGE. 1995 vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 77-92
Description: The NERC/ESRC Land Use Programme has led to the development of a decision support system (DSS) for land use planning. A
conceptual framework for DSS development has been modified to encompass the unique needs of a system which aims to deal with a wide range of
land use issues. Large volumes of diverse, land use related data have been brought together into a central database using geographical information
system and relational database management system technology. The data, as well as economic, ecological and hydrological modelling capabilities, are
made available to the decision maker via a user;friendly graphical interface specifically designed for this project.
Models Could Strengthen Democracy. GIS World, Vol.9, No.12, December 1996, pp. 102-103.
Description: This article discusses how GIS is enabling the users to visualise complex landscapes and to analyse data on several different layers.
HAZARDS ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Multi-participant Cooperation Sparks Success In River Mapping Project by Mark Tuttle. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 6, August 1992, pp. 62-66.
Description: A brief article discussing how government and local businesses can cooperate in determining flood potential of the Trinity River within the
Dallas-Fort Worth area. Also discussed, are the challenges met, the benefits and future concerns of such a cooperative effort.
5
GIS Targets Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution by Tawna Mertz. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1993, pp. 41-46.
Description: GIS technology is being used in Pennsylvania to target regions along the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin creating the most agricultural
nonpoint pollution.
Remote Sensing/GIS Integration Facilitates Landslide Predictions by C. Merry and T. Wu. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 6, June 1994. pp. 38-40.
Description: This article discusses new methodology allowing GIS users to assess landslide risks from rain and snowfall using remote sensing data,
GIS data and models for snowmelt, soil infiltration, slope stability and watershed hydrology. This methodology was produced by OSU Centre for
Mapping.
GIS Group Becomes "Essential Personnel" in Hurricane Andrew's Wake by Timothy Foresman. GIS World, Vol. 6 No. 4, April 1993, pp. 20-22.
Description: A short article that discusses how a southern Florida company used GIS technology to help in the relief efforts of Hurricane Andrew. The
information helped federal and local emergency planners in their relief and response actions.
GIS Affects Flood Planning Efforts by G.Bocco, R.Sanchez, and H.Riemann. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 58-60.
Description: A GIS is described to help avoid flooding in developing countries. Tijuana in Mexico is used as an example. The primary use of the GIS is
for urban planning. Other uses include predicting drainage under certain development regimes and assessing the damage of flooded areas.
South Florida Fine-Tunes GIS In Hurricane's Aftermath by K. Corbley. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 9, Sept. 95, pp. 40-43.
Description: The use of GIS to monitor damage from Hurricane Andrew including the washing of hazardous waste into canals and direct the evacuation
of people and relief supplies.
City Prioritizes Watershed Basins for Storm Water Master Plan by Tom Cash. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1994, pp. 46-48.
Description: GIS is used to rapidly recognize and prioritize drainage system repairs, then develop a master plan to make improvements.
Vendor/Agency Cooperation Assists Flood Relief by GIS WORLD staff. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 10, October 1993, pp. 28-29.
Description: GIS software companies worked with federal, state and local governments to augment flood prediction, evacuation and assessment efforts
during and following the recent flooding of the American midwest.
Cleaning Up the Soviet Legacy: A Chance to Go for Growth by Charles Alverson. GIS Europe, Vol. 3, No. 10, December 1994, pp. 28-30.
Description: A Czech GIS company has been hired by the Czech Republic's Ministry of the Environment to analyze degraded environmental conditions
at former Soviet military sites. These sites, which were occupied by the former Soviet Union in the 1960's, have been subjected to ground water
degradation by oil spills. The GIS is being used to aid the government in their attempt to rehabilitate the area for public use.
Sound Software Engineering Underlies GIS Development by D. Williams and G. Bury. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 10, October 1994, pp. 52-55.
Description: ARC/INFO GIS software is used by the Naval Air Engineering Station in New Jersey to assist in the clean up of a heavily contaminated
military base.
GIS Plays Role in Politics, Public Relation by J. Hokanson. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 2, February 1994, p. 20.
Description: The use of GIS to predict household sewer rates, in Johnson County, KS, USA.
Earthquakes and GIS on the Information Super highway by B. Gittings and A. Towers. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 8, August 1995, pp. 68-71.
Description: This paper assess the potential of a GIS in managing an earthquake information database, which requires timely worldwide updates that
can be accessed from the internet.
GIS and 3-D Modelling Fight Subsurface Contamination at Federal Site by Mark Leipnik. GIS World, vol 6, No. 5, May 1993, pp. 38-41
Description: GIS was used to model the flow of contaminants in ground water on a Air Force Base in California.
Modelling community vulnerability to hazardous materials using geographic information systems by Robert B. McMaster Peuquet, Donna J. and Duane
F. Marble. In: Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems, Pennsylvania: Taylor & Francis, Bristol, pp. 183-194.
Description: The use of a GIS to identify hazards present in a community, to define the hazard zone of each substance, to identify the population
distribution and the population characteristics and to plot this information to get an idea of hazards and their impacts on the surrounding communities.
Managing environmental radioactivity monitoring data: a GIS approach by I. Heywood and S. Cornelius.. In: Landscape Ecology and GIS, London:
Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 163-180.
Description: Using GIS with monitoring data and with environmental and socio-economic data to give a better picture of the role of the landscape in
determining the consequences of pollution.
Hurricane Andrew: A Story of What Could Have Been by GIS WORLD Staff. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 9, November 1992, pp. 13-15.
Description: Exploring the possibilities within GIS technology for emergency responses in crisis situations. GIS can be used for dispatching police, fire
and rescue units to areas "hardest hit" by the disaster. The extent of population displacement can be determined. Damages can be estimated more
accurately, making it easier to determine the amount of relief needed.
GIS, Expert System Technologies Improve Forest Fire Management Techniques. by A. Gronlund, W. Xiang, and J. Sox. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 2,
February 1994, pp. 32-36.
Description: This paper discusses how GIS was used in Crowders Mountain State Park in North Carolina, to reduce risks and minimize destruction
caused by forest fires.
Fighting Fire: the Montpellier fire brigade's use of GIS technology by Lionel Henry & Christine Daniaud. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 6, July 1995, pp. xx-xxii.
Description: The use of GIS to improve efficiency with an up-to-date data base of roads, addresses, fire hydrants, sensitive areas and building
characteristics is described as it relates to the application of the technology made by the Montpellier fire brigade. The article describes how the database
was derived, how it is updated and how it is used to generate the necessary information for an emergency call within 20 seconds. It is hoped that in the
future the system will be used to calculate optimal emergency routes.
Finding a Solution for Pollution by K.Ya. Kondratyev, P. Bobylev, V.K. Donchenko, V.V. Rastoskuev and E.V. Shalina . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August
1996, pp.20-22.
Description: Remote Sensing Data and Idrisi GIS are being utilized to create a system for monitoring and analyzing the environmental impacts
associated with industrial activity in the region surrounding St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Virtual Pylons into Geographic Reality by M. Hebert and J. Argence . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August 1996, pp.28-30.
Description: This article describes the use of 3D terrain models in GIS in the siting of electricity pylons in France.
RADARSAT Data to Enhance Ice Forecasting Efforts by Kevin Corbley. GIS World, Vol.9, No.2, pp.60.
Description: GIS is used to locate ice flows and determine the thickness of ice.
GIS Aids Alaska Fire-Fighting Efforts by Michael G. Anderson. GIS World, Vol.9, No.8, August 1996, pp. 13
Description: This informative article discusses the use of GIS in aiding Alaska fire fighters. GIS was called on to help plan against and attack a 23,000
blaze.
On Contaminated Ground. by D. Giles, A. Morgan and P. Darlow. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 20-22.
Description: The use of GIS to map and assess soil contamination in Portsmouth, U.K. The program was then used to determine which areas were
suitable for development and where clean-up or monitoring activities were necessary.
Award Winning Firm uses GIS for Fuga Island Study by Newslink.. GIS World, Vol.9, No.11, November 1996, p.18.
Description: This article describes how GIS was used to conduct an environmental suitability analysis of a remote island, which was being considered
for urban and industrial development.
GIS Aids Airport Noise Management by Newslink. . GIS World, Vol.9, No.11, November 1996, p.19.
Description: GIS is used to reduce noise disturbance to local residents and to improve the quality and timing of response to the public.
Integrated Flood Response in the Pacific Northwest by Charles L. Rosenfeld et al.. EOM, Vol 5, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 20-23.
Description: GIS system is used to track the flooding patterns in the area, allowing response systems to be better equipped.
Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Mapping For Oil Spills Using Remote Sensing And GIS Technology. by John R. Jensen et al.. International Journal
of GIS, Vol 4, No. 2, April-June 1990, pp. 181-201
Description: Explains the use of remote sensing and GIS technology to help prevent an oil spill as well as applications in oil spill clean up.
Quantifying septic nitrogen loadings to receiving waters: Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts By Cham, C.H., J.W. Brawley, and M.A. Moritz. Int. J.
Geographical Information Systems 9(4): 463-473, 1995
Description: A ground-water model, a GIS, and a spatio-temporal nitrogen model are combined to assess septic nitrogen inputs into Waquoit Bay,
Mass.
Global Geographical Databases for Modeling Trace Gas Fluxes By Elaine Matthews. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Vol.7,
No.2, March-April 1993, pp. 125-142.
Description: Global digital databases are developed and integrated into the study of terrestrial sources and sinks of trace gasses at a global level rather
than local level.
Coordinating hazardous waste management activities using GIS by: J. Estes, K. McGwire, G. Fletcher, T. Foresman. International Journal of GIS, Vol. 1,
No. 4, Oct-Dec 1987, pp. 359 - 377.
Description: GIS provides a superior method of organizing environmental data required for comprehensive monitoring of hazardous waste sites.
Environmental parameters can be stored in the GIS and used to calculate the possible ways waste may migrate from the site. The role of GIS
technology for monitoring and managing hazardous waste sites is described in the article.
A GIS method to aid in non-point source critical area analysis by A.Sivertun, L.E.Reinelt and R.Castensson . International Journal of Geographic
Information Systems, Vol.2, No.4, October-December 1988, pp.365-377.
Description: The advantages of using remote sensing techniques, image processing, computer mapping and overlays to make inventories of land uses
and to improve land and water management are discussed. GIS was used in a case study to select critical source areas for sediment-related water
quality problems and resource problems.
Urban non-point;source pollution assessment using a Geographical Information System by Kim;Kyehyun; VenturaS.J.; Harris;P.M.; Thum,;P.G.; Prey;J..
J;ENVIRON;MANAGE. 1993 vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 157-170
Description: This paper presents a micro approach for establishing an effective mitigation strategy to control urban non-point sources pollution. It also
discusses the potential of using a geographical information system (GIS) to obtain precise estimates of pollutant loadings for individual sewersheds. In
this micro-approach, a total of 11 sewersheds were delineated from digital versions of existing sewer maps. The pollutant loadings of individual land use
polygons, derived as the collection unit from individual street blocks, were aggregated to get the total pollutant loadings of each sewershed. The SLAMM
model was used to estimate pollutant loadings of five priority pollutants. To facilitate management and transfer of land use data for the non-poin source
model, a GIS was used. Using GIS overlay analysis and database management capabilities, all the input data were generated for each land use
polygon, and each polygon was assigned to appropriate sewersheds. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. The pollutant
loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical sewershed were estimated to establish a mitigation strategy. The selected strategy was the
installation of wet ponds. Two different approaches were investigated: a regional approach using a large area to build a wet pond at the major sewer
outfalls, and a mult-site approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction. The cost analysis shows the regional approach to be
more cost effective, though providing less pollutant control.
Modeling urban nonpoint source pollution with a geographic information system by Ventura ;S.J.; KimK. . Water Resour.;Bull. 1993 vol. 29, no. 2, pp.
189-198
Description: A geographic information system (GIS) was a useful aid in the assessment of urban nonpoint source pollution and the development of a
pollution control strategy. The GIS was used for data integration and display, and to provide data for a nonpoint source model. An empirical nonpoint
source loading model driven by land use was used to estimate pollutant loadings of priority pollutants. Pollutant loadings were estimated at fine spatial
resolution and aggregated to storm sewer drainage basins (sewersheds). Eleven sewersheds were generated from digital versions of sewer maps. The
pollutant loadings of individual land use polygons, derived as the units of analysis from street blocks, were aggregated to get total pollutant loadings
within each sewershed. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. Pollutant loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical
sewershed were estimated to develop a mitigation strategy. Two approaches based on the installation of wet ponds were investigated a regional
approach using one large wet pond at the major sewer outfall and a multisite approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction.
Cost analyses showed that the regional approach would be more cost effective, though it would provide less pollution control.
7
Where There's Muck There's GIS: Monitoring the Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Use. by M. Pallage and Y. Mercer . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.1,
January 1996, pp. 24 - 26.
Description: Since all livestock manufacturing produces manure, many farmers use it as a source of fertiliser. However, many countries have a variety
of strict rules and regulations regarding its use; France in particular has rules which differ even between governmental departments. These rules are
intended to safeguard rivers and groundwater from both toxicity and unpleasant odours. To simplify and expedite matters, a GIS program has been
established which allows the user to overlay the various components of fertiliser control. The final results come in the form of 'manure-distribution plans'
which show the farmers how much, what type and where manure fertilisers can be used.
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL
Financial Institutions by Lew-Jean C. King. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World, 1993, pp. 57-73.
Description: This chapter discusses the use of GIS in financial institutions, more specifically by banks. It illustrates the varying scale and level of
complexity of use and gives examples of use for applications in banking such as: routing and scheduling, target marketing for lending and/or commercial
banking, local area marketing, for decision support in branch opening, closing and relocations, and branch trade area analysis with respect to the
relation of the extent of bank market areas versus the distribution of banks.
Manufacturing and Packaged Goods by Terry Moloney, Anthoney Lea and Craig Kowalchuck. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World,
1993, pp. 105-129.
Description: This chapter discusses the ways in which GIS can improve profits by offering cost effective ways of solving problems and to increase
product sales in trade and consumer markets. The following questions illustrates those to be potentially addressed by GIS: What stores and distribution
centres can sell my goods? Where are they? What are their characteristics? Which stores by location, chain, size etc. now carry my product and my
competitors products? What is the geographic distribution of the people who are most likely to purchase my product? Case studies of effective
deployment of sales efforts, brand targeting (President's Choice market infiltration) and the rationalization of automobile dealerships serve to further
illustrate how answers to the above questions can be combined to aid in decision support and problem solving.
Retail Trade by Hal G. Reid. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World, 1993, pp. 131-151.
Description: Uses the example of the application of GIS to the Arby's restaurant chain in the US. The GIS was applied to address three primary issues
which were:
1. franchise administration in the area of territory management,
2. market surveys as a means of determining how many new units could be developed and
3. economic justification of a GIS versus manual mapping and demographic trend analysis. The chapter gives two additional case studies a)
determining the best site for an electrical goods supplier wishing to expand to the suburbs and, b) the target market area for a video store
chain direct mail campaign.
GIS Opens Enterprise wide Information Options by Vicki Speed. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 11, November 1993, pp. 42-45.
Description: Describes how GIS provides a common interface for storing and communicating information for corporate wide re-engineering projects at
major utilities. Case studies are Wisconsin Electric Power Co. and Gainesville Regional Utilities, Fla.
GIS Plays a Role in Business Process Re-engineering by Eric J. Strand.. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 1995, pp. 34-36.
Description: This article presents GIS ability to re-engineer modern business processes for government and private industry. GIS is considered
essential for innovation needing modern information technology.
Application-Driven Mapping Bolsters Utility Productivity by David W. Read. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 8, October 1992, pp. 52-55.
Description: A large gas utility in the U.S. southwest utilizes a GIS in order to make their mapping more accessible, easier to maintain and more
consistent with respect to the various types, scale, symbologies and record keeping systems used on their previous mapping. The use of a hybrid
raster/vector system as a way to reduce conversion costs while maintaining data accuracy is also discussed.
Business Benefits: The Case for GIS by Mark Mitchell. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 3, April 1995, pp. 34-36.
Description: British Telecommunications (BT) hopes to maintain its position as world leader in the telecommunications market by changing the way
they utilize GIS's. The new approach will aid the corporation with investment decisions about the spatial location and maintenance of new fiber networks.
The article explains why earlier GIS's used by BT failed, and indicates that this new system will be a role model for other utilities or corporations.
Car Navigation Systems by M. White Maguire, D.J., M.F. Goodchild, and D. Rhind. In: Geographic Information Systems: Principles and Applications,
New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991, pp 115-125.
Description: The use of vehicle navigation systems in future automobiles will create new opportunities for GIS and GPS technology. It is predicted that
information relating to vehicle location will become increasingly marketable and financially feasible; digital maps and GIS technology will play an
important role in the way we commute in the future.
Client-Vendor Partnership Advances Digital Aerial Photography System by J. Wilson. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 9, Sept. 95, pp. 44-47.
Description: Using GIS to management and monitor pipeline infrastructure using a digital aerial photography system for Algonquin Gas Transmission
Co.
Remote Sensing/GIS Enhances Plant Management by Richard S. Driscoll.. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 12, December 1994, p. 60.
Description: Map overlays using GIS are demonstrated to improve the effectiveness of plant control projects and other plant management objectives.
Nice Idea, But Is It Worth It? A Cost-Benefit Analysis For GIS by J.Crowder. GIS Europe, Vol.3, No.3, April 1994, pp. 14-15
Description: This short article examines a method of cost-benefit analysis for business, looking at both the goals and benefits expected form a GIS.
Targeting the '90s shopper by Sandra Wendelken. Business Geographics, Vol.3, No. 10, November/December 1995, pp. 30-33.
Description: Clothing retailers and department stores tailor market strategies with GIS.
Geographical Technology in Government: An Observers Perspective by R. Hoch. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 8, August 1995, pp. 76-79.
Description: This paper discusses the use and practicality of GIS in government applications.
For utilities, the race will go to the swiftest by Glenn E. Montgomery. Business Geographics, Vol. 3, No. 10, November/December 1995, p. 58.
Description: Utilities industry incorporates geographic analysis systems into micromarketing strategies as competitiveness accelerates.
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Improving direct mail response by Hans Riemer. Business Geographics, Vol. 3, No. 10, November/December 1995, p. 60.
Description: Targeting your market through direct mail using geographic analysis systems.
Thinking Big Helps Penetrate The German Mobile Market by Judi Chambers. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 5, June 1995, pp. 48-49
Description: The article discusses the means by which a cellular phone manufacturer can employ GIS find a market for its product. Further discussion
suggests the application of GIS to plan and analyze service territories for the companies clients.
Arby's GIS: Looking Back, It Seemed Easy by H. Reid. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 9, November 1992, pp. 94-96.
Description: Atlas*GIS has been used to identify franchised territories and territories available for development. The database identifies unit
characteristics such as building types, number of parking places, drive-through availability. Arby's GIS has generated maps showing landmarks,
shopping centres, competitors, and sales over time. The system creates maps for marketing, operations and locating new franchises.
The Wealth of Nations: The World Bank Redefines Wealth and Adopts a Spatial Perspective by R. Pryjomko. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 10, December
1995, pp. 17-18.
Description: Under a new system of wealth measurement, GIS can be used by the World Bank to spatially analyze natural and human resources.
On the move: monitoring and routing freight with satellite systems and GIS. by Giampiero E.G. Beroggi. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 1995, pp.
24-26.
Description: This paper describes how the combination of GIS, satellite and GPS technology, can be used to maximize the efficiency and safety of
trucking routes. The flexibility of this monitoring system is illustrated using a snow storm as an example.The dispatcher can assess the effect of the
storm based on cost and safety and decide whether to reroute trucks. Also mentioned are the benefits of knowing the precise position of a vehicle in
distress and the closest emergency dispatch. An E-mail address for references used in this article is also included.
Dynamic marketing: a Spanish bank reaps new rewards with GIS by Jane Marshall. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 1995, pp. 36-38. Description:
The 1991 merger of two banks in Spain, Banco Central and Banco Hispano Americano, produced Banco Central Hispano. The new bank implemented a
GIS to make marketing decisions. The goals were to reduce the number of branches, generate new customers and analysis the competition of other
banks in target areas.
Competition Heats Up in the Utilities Industry by Rick Nicholson . GIS World, Vol.9, No.1, January 1996, pp. 72.
Description:GIS is used to improve customer service levels of privatized utilities industry. Gives examples from UK and Australia.
Shopping for success in Europe. by R. Webber. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 24-25.
Description:Using GIS to assist with decision-making on the location and size of retail outlets, and to access specific information about individual
customers.
Searching for a Place to Eat Out. by C. Fry. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 28-30.
Description: McDonald's in Finland using GIS to identify poorly penetrated markets, and to aid in location of new restaurants.
GIS at the Sharp End. by B. Skiera. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 32-34.
Description:The use of GIS to find the optimum allocation of sales territories in order to maximize company profits. Recognizing that various products or
different areas require different sales strategies, it is possible that GIS can aid in determining the best allocation of sales people.
The Geomarketing Scene in Germany. by S. Von Rimscha.. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 36-38.
Description: Combining GIS and market analysis to spatially analyze purchasing patterns and determine marketing strategies for different segments of
the population.
Merging Technologies - EIS and Business Geographics by: T. Seideman. Business Geographics, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 34 - 36.
Description: Executive Information Software (EIS) is used in combination with business geographic software to bring data from different sources
together in one concise, workable package. This approach is used for the commercial real estate business and for the siting of franchise operations.
Boosting Sales Performance with Statistics: A Healthcare Case Study by: G.B. Ehler. Business Geographics, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 37 - 39.
Description: Statistical methodologies are combined with GIS to spatially represent a product's actual vs. expected sales performance. This method
was used by a medical supply company to evaluate its territories to determine whether its sales force was adequately serving its markets.
Canadian Red Cross Blood Collection Gets New Life by: J. Specht. Business Geographics, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1996, p. 54.
Description: The Red Cross uses geographics technology to map regional and demographic data of its donors. These donor maps were overlain by
maps of the Red Cross's permanent and mobile clinic locations resulting in a display that suggested donors prefer to give blood close to their residences
than their workplace. This data was used to relocate existing clinics and locate new clinics in order to better serve donors.
The impact of geographical information systems on the role of spatial data libraries by Pohchin Lai and Charles F. Gillies. International Journal of GIS,
Vol. 5, No. 2, April June 1991, pp. 241-251.
Description:The possibility of using GIS as a method of map storage, cataloguing and manipulation in library settings.
Predicting a bright future for GIS in Spain by J.A.R.Sanchez. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.4, April 1996, pp.iv-v.
Description:Since GIS has been introduced in Spain(early 1970's) its applications have been very widespread. The article discusses a few of GIS's
uses in various sectors such as administrative, business and industrial.
Well-placed for success? Techniques for locating retail outlets by E.Verbeek. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.4, April 1996, pp.vii-ix.
Description:Companies looking to expand in Spain have turned to GIS to provide them with key locations. The article discusses various problems Spain
ran into such as lack of data at the micro level.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
Mapping metropolitan area futures: a Toronto case study
by Ross Newkirk. In: Spatial Analysis and Spatial Policy using Geographic Information Systems, New York, Bellhaven Press, 1991. pp. 207.
Description: This article outlines a conceptual design for a new approach to regional modelling for a long-term policy analysis.
9
GIS in Slovakia: An eager spirit with an empty pocket by Charles Alverson. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 1995, pp. 18-19.
Description: This brief article outlines the GIS applications Slovakian government intends to implement, and the financial constraints, associated with
each application. The applications mentioned include Tourism, Urban planning and establishing ownership of land. Financial limitations include the cost
of the geophysical data collected during communist rule, and the cost of new hardware or updated hardware needed to tackle post communist
restructuring.
Health Care by Jack Norris.In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, Colorado: GIS World, 1993, pp. 153-160.
Description: This chapter which discusses the role of GIS in Health Care cites four areas to which the technology may best be applied:
1. Developing and optimizing managed care networks (such that they operate with maximum efficiency by providing services where they are needed,
avoiding overlap).
2. Selecting new facility sites through the analysis of travel zones and zip code residential locations.
3. Providing utilization, market share and service area analyses.
4. Tracking the spread of infectious diseases and developing containment strategies.
All of these examples are discussed in an American context using Atlas*GIS software. Further potential areas of application are listed in the article.
Geodemography by D.Martin. In: Geographic Information Systems And Their Socioeconomic Applications, New York: Routledge Press, 1991. pp. 41-43.
Description: This section looks at administrative and commercial applications of spatially referenced socioeconomic data in areas of health care, retail
and direct mail organizations.
Data Provides Empower Community GIS Efforts by M.G. Barndt and W.J. Craig. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1994, pp. 49-51.
Description: Using GIS to provide many community services to the City of Milwaukee.
GIS Guides City's Neighborhood Funding Efforts by William E. Huxhold and Michael Martin . GIS World, Vol.9, No.6, April-June 1988, pp. 54-56
Description: Using GIS to identify neighborhoods in Milwaukee that need more money from the government than other areas. The money is given to
local organizations and distributed throughout the city using criteria such as crime rate, unemployment rate and single home ownership.
Generating and Mapping Population Density Surfaces Within a Geographic Information System By: M. Langford and D.J. Unwin. Cartographic Journal,
June 1994, Vol.31, No. 1, pp 21-26.
Description: This article explores the possibilities of generating a continuous density surface with the use of GIS. Population densities are used as an
example of the benefits of dasymetric mapping in a raster based GIS.
LAW
Insurance Applications by Joseph R. Francica. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, Colorado: GIS World, 1993, pp. 75-84.
Description: This chapter discusses how GIS can aid the insurance industry by relating demographic, crime, natural hazard, epidemiological, and
property data for applications in target marketing, sales territory planning, sales history and performance, rate analysis and risk potential. It gives
examples of how the incidence of crime and population densities can be use to determine if policy holders are adequately insured and if their premium
rates afford the desired profits. It can be further used for underwriting purposes to incorporate both external and internal company information to assist in
decision making. Case studies highlight applications to Earthquake hazard zone mapping in Oakland and Fires and hurricane Andrew.
GIS Plays Role in Maritime Conflict
by P. Welgan and R. Gelinas. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 8, October 1992, pp. 62-64.
Description: In a dispute over fishing boundaries between Canada and France, the Canadian litigation team used a GIS to prepare its case and
communicate its arguments to an international tribunal. The GIS was able to transform masses of complex fisheries data into vivid images that were
better understood and received by the tribunal.
Protecting Irish Interests: GIS on Patrol by Michael Pollitt. GIS World, Vol. 3, No. 11, July 1994, pp. 18-20.
Description: Utilizing GIS and Expert Systems provides Irish fisheries protection officers and naval command with a wealth of information about foreign
vessels. Satellite communications provide constant data input which is used to track the course of foreign vessels.
GIS Supports Summer Olympic Games Security by F. Alvaredo and M. Gomez. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 6, August 1992, pp. 58-61.
Description: The implementation of GIS by Spanish police to assist its decision making in all aspects of national security, and its inaugural application
focuses on the 1992 Olympic Games. This article discusses how the data was organized as well as the functions of the security GIS program.
GIS Catches Criminals by Tim Miller. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 5, May 1993, pp. 42-43.
Description: GIS and GPS are used to analyze crime trends in to coordinate responses in event of a natural disaster.
GIS Enhances Preventative Law Enforcement by S. Wendelken. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 95, pp. 58-61.
Description: GIS is used to identify crime patterns and areas in which to concentrate their efforts.
Insight Into Accident: The Flemish Region's Mobility GIS by Eric Verstraeten. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 5, June 1995, pp. 24-26.
Description: The use of GIS by the Belgian Ministry of Transportation to analyze traffic accidents patterns. Overlays of place/time/nature of accident
and frequency provide insights into the effectiveness of the government's traffic safety policy.
999: Constabulary Duties in Nottinghamshire Made Easier With GIS by Jane Marshall. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 5, June 1995, pp.44-46.
Description: GIS is utilized to aid in 'Rapid Response Decision Making' at English police dispatch. Overlay techniques are used by officers to analyze
crime patterns and dispatch appropriate vehicles to locations of emergency calls.
GPS Used to Track Criminals by Michael G, Anderson. GIS World, Vol.9, No.8, August 1996, pp. 15
Description: This short article discusses how GPS and GIS are used to track criminals. The Satellite Monitoring and Remote Tracking Systems
(SMART) tracks and monitors offenders and stalkers, providing warning to victims and law enforcement. when a crime is committed SMART can recall
the location of all tracked offenders to see if they were near the area when the crime occurred.
City of Salinas Tracks Youth Handguns and Crime with GIS by ESRI . EOM, Vol 5, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 11.
Description:The city of Salinas uses a GIS system which integrates reported offenses and finds relationships between them, helping the police to track
crimes.
A new weapon for fighting crime by M.Lyew. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.4, April 1996, pp.xviii-xx.
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Description:Barcelona police have turned to GIS to help manage their resources more effectively. During the Olympics, GIS was used to map the exact
location of 15,000 police officers on duty. Since then GIS has been used to map everyday crimes. This is an excellent article which displays a very
unique application of GIS.
Army Uses GIS in Bosnian Corridor. GIS World, Vol.9, No.12, December 1996, pp. 22.
Description: This paper discusses how the United States Army uses GIS to create image and terrain data for military operations.
MEDICAL AND HEALTH
GIS Aids in Historical Research by L.R. Poos, Y. Woo, J. Allen, T.Finan, C. Jewett, and L. Erdman. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 9, July 1995, pp. 48-51.
Description: This paper discusses the use of GIS to aid in historical research. It allows historians to take advantage of new, easy to use GIS software.
GIS Offers Limitless Potential to Human Service Organizations by Michael Vachon.. GIS World, Vol, 6. No, 2. Feb. 1993. pp. 52-57.
Description: Using GIS in Health and Human Service arenas to better help allocate scarce resources, strategic planning for expected demand, and help
understand the many variables that affect human society.
Researchers Launch System to Monitor Epidemics in Finland by T. Blom and M. Loytonen. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 5, June 1993, pp. 27-29.
Description: Finnish Researchers launch a GIS-based automatic monitoring system to monitor HIV, and a variety of other epidemics throughout
Finland.
Linked Parcel/Health Data Enhance Environmental Analysis. by Jeroen Wagendorp.. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 1995, pp. 54-57.
Description: The potential of a GIS to study the correlation between environmental conditions and public health is explored.
GIS Enhances Alcohol/Drug Prevention Planning by Joe R. Harding and Friedner D. Wittman. GIS World Vol 8, No.6, June 1995, pp. 80-83
Description:To gather information about alcohol and drug problems the method Alcohol/Other Drug Sensitive Information Planning System (ADSIPS)
was developed. ADSIPS uses GIS displays of ADSIPS data to help develop community based prevention initiatives. GIS provides a better
understanding of the geographical relationships among alcohol and other drug problems and risk factors in the environment associated with those
problems.
Staying on the Map Without Losing Any Ground by Karen Howard . EOM, Vol 5, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 28-30.
Description:GIS system is used by the Arkansas Department of Health to efficiently keep track of the population's health needs, while saving money at
the same time.
RESOURCE AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
ANTHROPOGENIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
PC-Based GIS Manages Municipal Water Systems by Carmen Urenda. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 5, June 1992, pp. 43-47.
Description: This article describes how an engineering firm in Long Beach, California developed a GIS package that would run on a PC and work with
AutoCAD to assist in managing municipal water systems.
Farming the Winds: Mapping Renewable Energy Resources With GIS by D. Simmons and J. Hill. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 10, December 1995, pp. 3032.
Description: Establishing viable wind farms involves complex analysis of land classification data and wind speeds. GIS is being used to evaluate
constraints and pinpoint possible locations for wind farms in the UK, in attempting to eventually produce enough energy through harnessing winds to
power a sizeable city.
Mexico Supports GIS Efforts by R.M. Sanchez. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 1993, pp. 58-60.
Descriptions: Mexico uses GIS systems for resource planning and allocation, in urban and rural areas.
WATER MANAGEMENT
GIS Technology Aids National Estuarine Study by Karen Siderelis. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 6, August 1992, pp. 62-66.
Description: The work of a North Carolina based company with GIS and the second largest estuarine study in the US (the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine
Study). This article lists the aspects of the study and the ever-increasing database used to support continuing research and resources management
activities.
Using GIS To Study Arctic Ice Caps by A. Diament, W. Rees and J. Dowdeswell. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1993, pp. 22-25.
Description: Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute Cambridge, UK, used GIS (GRASS-4 software) and remote sensing techniques together
to analyze glaciological problems on the ice caps of Nordaustlandet, north of Norway.
Ecological And Oceanographic Relationships In The Southern Ocean by P. Trathan, E. Murphy, C. Symon and P. Rodhouse. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6,
July 1993, pp. 34-36.
Description: The Marine Life Science Division of the British Antarctic Survey will investigate spatial and temporal variability in the Southern Ocean
ecosystem over a fifteen year period. Such GIS applications include: examining the effects of the atmosphere, sea-ice, physical oceanography and
bathymetry on the distribution of different species.
The effects of management on heath and mire hydrology: a framework for a geographic information system approach by A.M.Gurnell, P.J. Edwards and
C.T. Hill. In: Landscape Ecology and GIS, London: Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 221-222.
Description: The development of a GIS framework for catchment vegetation management.
Remote Sensing, GIS Technologies Support Sea Ice Motion Monitoring by E.B. Preston. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 1, January 1993, pp. 36-39.
Description: Satellite imagery, weather pattern and ocean current modelling are used in a GIS to monitor and predict arctic ice flow movements.
GIS Enhances Endangered Species Conservation Efforts by H. Resit Akcakaya. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 11, November 1993, pp. 36-40.
Description: Explains how GIS can, and is, being used to conserve endangered species using spatial structure in models. Describes how GIS helps
determine species' chance of recovery and risk of extinction, preference and worthiness of conservation efforts, etc.
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GIS Supports Wetlands Land Use Analysis by D.B. Michelson. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 1, January 1993, pp. 52-55.
Description: The Mekong GIS database is being developed for the Mekong delta of Southeast Asia through Landsat TM interpretation and field study
as a UN project to study existing riparian land uses and as an aid in regional wetland planning.
Using GIS To Study Arctic Ice Caps by A. Diament, W. Rees and J. Dowdeswell. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1993, pp. 22-25.
Description: Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute Cambridge, UK, used GIS (GRASS-4 software) and remote sensing techniques together
to analyze glaciological problems on the ice caps of Nordaustlandet, north of Norway.
GIS Brings New Outlook to Florida Keys Marine Resources Environment by C. Friel and K. Haddad. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 9, November 1992, pp. 3236.
Description: GIS enhancing the prediction, analysis and management of ecosystem impacts on marine environments. GIS has been used in the Florida
Keys for site selection for explosives testing; protecting the shorelines underwater photogrammetry; and for determining boating and diving use patterns.
LAND MANAGEMENT
The Answer Lies In The Soil: GIS and Soil Remediation by J. Okx and E. Henkens. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1993, pp. 8-9.
Description: A Dutch firm created new GIS software that monitors the type and degree of soil contamination. It was also used to determine the method
of treatment for the site.
GIS Supports Tax Reporting, Mine Management in Appalachian Coal Fields by J.D. Wilson. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1993, pp. 46-51.
Description: GIS is used to assist in classifying coal seams according to new tax requirements in Kentucky and West Virginia.
Field-Level Diffusion Eases GIS Implementation Efforts by Roy A. Mead and Ray Johnston. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 11, November 1993, pp. 50-52.
Description: Discusses how GIS software was implemented at the U.S. Forest Service Southern Region. (Emphasis is on the implementation
paradigm.)
GIS-Based Program Aids Wildlife Habitat and Timber Management by Kang-tsung Chang, David L. Verbyla, Jeffrey J. Yeo and Zhao-xing Li. GIS World,
Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1994, pp. 40-43.
Description: GIS technology was crucial to the study of Sitka black tailed deer habitat preferences in the logged regions of Alaska. During the course of
the study programs were written to interface the GIS with other statistical analysis programs. PC ARC/INFO was used as the main program for
"manipulating spatial and attribute data'. The program is composed of input, analysis and output. Habitat class, wildlife relocation and home range were
part of the input. Analysis was consolidated under point, line and area. The program tries to make measures similar to those that exist in the
environment. Under area analysis it was found that as the size of the clear cut increased the amount of the clear cut used by deer decreased. It was
found under line analysis that Deer home ranges had higher edge densities than the program generated. The distance from the relocation to the oldgrowth recent clear cut edge was also shorter in reality.
Resource Management Perspective: GIS and Decision Models in Forest Management Planning. by J. Sessions, S. Crim, and K. Johnson. In: Remote
Sensing and GIS in Ecosystem Management, Washington: Island Press, 1994, pp. 63-76.
Description: The use of GIS in forest management planning in a hypothetical setting.
GIS Applications Perspective: Using Remote Sensing and GIS for Modelling Old-Growth Forests
by J. Gonzales. In: Remote Sensing and GIS in Ecosystem Management, Washington: Island Press, 1994, pp. 157-177.
Description: This chapter is an analysis of a demonstration project conducted in the U.S. southwest using digital satellite data and existing ecological
information in a GIS system to model probable old-growth forest.
A methodology for acquiring information on vegetation succession from remotely sensed imagery by D.R. Green, R. Cummins, R. Wright, and J. Miles.
In: Landscape Ecology and GIS, London: Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 111-128.
Description: Approaches to examine, understand and map patterns of natural or semi-natural vegetation using remotely sensed data.
Integration of geological data sets for gold exploration in Nova Scotia by G.F. Bonham-Carter, F.P. Agterberg and D.F. Wright Peuquet, Donna J. and
Duane F. Marble. In: Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems, Pennsylvania: Taylor & Francis. Bristol, pp. 170-182.
Description: The use of GIS to create a map showing areas favourable for gold mineralization, based on previous data of known occurrences.
GIS Joins Europe's Hunt For Gold by C. Fry. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 10, December 1995, pp. 25-27.
Description: Geologists are using GIS to identify areas for gold exploration. Data variables include the mountain building periods associated with gold
deposits, and where deposits occur with respect to where rocks of these periods are exposed and the conditions which predetermine mineral bearing
rocks.
Expertise and GIS Converge for Diamond Exploration by J.Memmi. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 54-57.
Description: The Diamond Exploration Geoscientific Information System is used to generate diamond exploration models and diamond prone areas.
The model is based on data from the north central USA and southern Canada. Variables measured include physical geography and economic viability.
The article also discusses other possible mineral applications of the DEGIS.
Forest Health Monitoring Case Study by C.I. Liff, K.H. Riitters, and K.A. Hermann. In: Environmental Information Management and Analysis, by W.K.
Michner, J.W. Brant, and S.G. Stafford., 1994, pp. 101-113.
Description: This article discusses the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Programme to determine the ecological status and trends of the forest condition.
GIS is employed within the planning, logistical, assessment, and reporting areas of FHM to manage, integrate and analyze spatial information.
Detecting Fine-Scale Disturbance in Forested Ecosystems as Measured by Large-Scale Landscape Patterns
by G.A. Bradshaw and S.L. Garman. In: Environmental Information Management and Analysis, by W.K. Michner, J.W. Brant, and S.G. Stafford., 1994,
pp. 534-550.
Description: Article discusses the use of GIS to handle research from both fine scale sampling of forest ecosystems to larger, landscape patterns.
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Conservation Commitment Renewed With Protected Areas System by C. Roque. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1993, pp. 54-57.
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Description: In 1990, a consortium of environmental protection groups, including the World Wildlife Fund, along with the Philippine Government used
ARC/INFO GIS to identify ten sites around the country that were classified as endangered and formed the basis for new legislation protecting such
areas.
GRID - Arendal Bridges The Gap by E. Husby. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1993, pp. 30-33.
Description: GIS was employed as a tool with the Global Resource Information Database (GRID) to display and analyze protected areas, sea-ice
variability, ozone protection, land use change, vegetation types, and drainage patterns in Norway.
GIS Improves Visualization, Evaluation Capabilities in Superfund Cleanup by J.M. Garcia and L.G. Hecht Jr.. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 2. Feb. 1993, pp.
36-41.
Description: Use of GIS to provide solutions to complex data management programs associated with environmental restoration programs.
Geographic Information Technology Fulfils Need For Timely Data by Allan Falconer. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 6, August 1992, pp. 37-41.
Description: This article contains many case studies the African government and the United Nations are involved in and the types of software used.
These case studies all provide information that would have been difficult to gather any other way. By using GIS, GPS and remote sensing together, it
becomes possible to generate timely natural resources data for a reasonable cost and at a useful level of accuracy for planning, managing and
monitoring purposes.
Ecological Perspective: Linking Ecology, GIS, and Remote Sensing to Ecosystem Management. by C. Allen. In: Remote Sensing and GIS in Ecosystem
Management, Washington: Island Press, 1994, pp. 111-139.
Description: This chapter provides an ecological perspective applied to ecosystem management in a southwestern U.S. landscape.
Forest Planning With Satellite Data by Anders Persson and Mary Jo Wagner. GIS World, Vol. 3, No. 11, July 1994, pp. 36-38.
Description: GIS and Remote Sensing are used to prepare forest inventories and management plans. Delineation of individual tree species in an
orthogonal map is discussed as well as the analysis of cutting and replanting regimes for the next decade.
GIS Applications Perspective: Multidisciplinary Modelling and GIS for Landscape Management by R. Flamm, and M. Turner. In: Remote Sensing and
GIS in Ecosystem Management, Washington: Island Press, 1994, pp. 201-212.
Description: This chapter presents an approach for integrating ecological and socioeconomic information for application in a landscape management
program.
Evolution of an Environmental Information System by Jose M. Moreira, Fernando Gimenez-Azcarate and Michael Gould. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 11,
November 1993, pp. 46-49.
Description: Explains how remote sensing and GIS technologies are being developed and applied to help control environmental degradation. Case
study is Andalucia, Spain. The evolution of a "mature and productive" environmental GIS, SinambA, is described.
Multispectral Airborne Videography Evaluates Environmental Impact by M. Snider, J. Hayse, I. Hlohowskyj and K.LaGore. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 6, June
1994. pp. 50-52.
Description: MAV technology was used for classifying vegetation and water areas along the Green River, a 500 mile tributary of the Colorado River.
The article discusses advantages of using MAV technology as an effective alternative when analyzing resources in GIS.
Using cover-type likelihoods and typicalities in a GIS data structure to map gradually changing environments by T.F. Wood and G.M. Foody. In:
Landscape Ecology and GIS, London: Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 141 -146.
Description: Incorporating probabilities into the GIS than just the class code derived from a maximum likelihood classification when environment in
question displays gradual change in class membership.
Effects of beaver and moose on boreal forest landscapes by C.A. Johnston, J. Pastor and R.J. Naiman. In: Landscape Ecology and GIS, London: Taylor
and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 237-254.
Description: This paper examines the effects of two large mammals, beaver and moose, on boreal forest ecosystems.
The ecological interpretation of satellite imagery with special reference to bird habitats by G.H. Griffiths, J.M. Smith, N. Veitch and R. Aspinall. In:
Landscape Ecology and GIS, London: Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 255-272.
Description: Preliminary results from two case studies in which census data of upland bird species have been used in conjunction with vegetation
ground survey and satellite data to establish and test models of the relationships between land cover and spatial pattern and selected upland bird
species.
The use of remote sensing (SPOT) for the survey of ecological patterns, applied to two different ecosystems in Belguim and Zaire
by R. Goossens, T. Ongena, E. D'Haluin and G. Larnae . In: Landscape Ecology and GIS, London: Taylor and Francis Inc., 1993, pp. 147-160.
Description: This study deals with the transformation of raw satellite data into processed images which reveal certain ecological patterns and structure.
Environmental, Technological Efforts Mitigate Global Change by Richard D. Schulman. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 10, December 1992, pp. 47-51.
Description: The use of GIS to detect, measure, assess and communicate environmental occurrences.
Technology and Policy Issues Impact Global Monitoring by John E. Estes. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 10, December 1992, pp. 52-55.
Description: The use of GIS to provide accurate data on global environmental changes.
GIS Enhances Aquaculture Development by J.Aguilar-Manjarrez, G.Ross. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1995, pp. 52-56.
Description: A GIS is used to predict the most suitable sites for developing land based aquaculture shrimp farms and regular agricultural lands in
Sinaloa, Mexico. Thirty different criteria were evaluated by a model and overlay analysis was performed on IDRISI ver 4.1. The article also briefly
outlines other current sources of GIS use in aquaculture.
Development and Refinement of the Konza Prairie LTER Research and Information Management Program by J.M. Briggs and H. Su. In: Environmental
Information Management and Analysis, by W.K. Michner, J.W. Brant, and S.G. Stafford., 1994, pp. 87-100.
Description: The primary goal of the long-term ecological research program at Konza Prairie is to ascertain how grazing affects biotic and ecosystem
processes. The development of the program has benefited from areas such as remote sensing and GIS.
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GIS Eases Resource Management Efforts by R. Troeger. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1993, pp.50-52.
Description: GIS technology was employed by researchers in Alaska's Kenai Peninsula Borough to display land characteristics, uses and suggest
optimal areas for potential new growth. As well, environmental disasters such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill were tracked.
Conservation Commitment Renewed With Protected Areas System by C. Roque. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1993, pp. 54-57.
Description: In 1990, a consortium of environmental protection groups, including the World Wildlife Fund, along with the Philippine Government used
ARC/INFO GIS to identify ten sites around the country that were classified as endangered and formed the basis for new legislation.
Life on Earth: GIS at the Natural History Museum by Malcolm Penn. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 5, June 1995, pp. 20-22.
Description: GIS and remote sensing are used by the London Natural History Museum to link together data and information about the life sciences with
a pre-defined geographic framework. The multidisciplinary advantages to GIS are discussed with reference to vegetation type and species composition
of a portion of Belizean rainforest.
Russian Water-Quality Projects Struggle for Survival by T.Nawrocki. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 50-52.
Description: The article outlines a perceived need for Russians to use GIS technology to solve environmental based problems. Water quality is
particularly critical because of the dwindling supply of clean drinking water.
Owls, Loggers Share Forest Wealth by Jeff Specht. GIS World, vol. 8, No. 10, October 1995, pp. 36-41.
Description: GIS is used to develop a Habitat Conservation Plan which could enhances habitat for northern spotted owls and allow for continued
harvest.
The View From the Commission: Setting Environmental Data Standards by Charles Alverson. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 8, October 1995, pp. 38-40.
Description: GIS is used to bring together and integrate all the information that the European Environmental Agency (EEA), formerly the European
Commission's Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE), has collected. The Agency plans to develop the European Environment
Information and Observation Network (EIONET), a network on the World Wide Web which would provide the EU and member countries with objective,
reliable and comparable information on the environment.
Ecological And Oceanographic Relationships In The Southern Ocean by P. Trathan, E. Murphy, C. Symon and P. Rodhouse. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 6,
July 1993, pp. 34-36.
Description: The Marine Life Science Division of the British Antarctic Survey will investigate spatial and temporal variability in the Southern Ocean
ecosystem over a fifteen year period. Such GIS applications include: examining the effects of the atmosphere, sea-ice, physical oceanography and
bathymetry on the distribution of different species.
Ecosystem Decline- Can GIS Help Save Florida Bay? by C. Friel, W. Sargent and C. Westlake. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 95, pp. 41-44.
Description: Using GIS to map water discolouring distribution which helps to identify potential problems.
Monitoring Grasshopper and Locust Habitats in Sahelian Africa Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technology by G.Gray Tappan, Donald G.Moore, and
Walter I. Knausenberger . International Journal of GIS, Vol.5, No.1, 1991, pp. 123-135.
Description:GIS and remote sensing are used to predict grasshopper and locust habitats by vegetation index.
Digging Deep for Global Soil and Terrain Data by L. Pasztor, J. Szabo and G. Varallyay. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August 1996, pp.32-34.
Description: The use of GIS in a pilot project to establish a global soil and topography database is described.
Sorting the Wood From the Trees by P. Ireland. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August 1996, pp.24-26.
Description: This paper discusses the use of GPS and GIS (namely ESRI's Arc/Info) technology to improve the efficiency of timber operations in
Sweden.
Mine Management with GIS by Vicky Speed. EOM, The Magazine for Geographic, Mapping, Earth Information, Vol 5, No.10, October 1996, pp.22-25.
Description: Mining activities like mining, reclamation, tenure aspects and slope stability are solved with a GIS. More a report, than a scientific article.
Building a prototype Geographical Correlates Exploration Machine by S.Openshaw, A. Cross and M. Charlton. International Journal of Geographic
Information Systems, Vol. 4 , No. 3, July-Sept. 1990, pp. 297-311.
Description:On an example of linkages between Leukemia and Environmental coverage (gasworks, distance to roads, substations) a GIS and a CRAY
were used for an exploration study. The project searched geodatas for automated means for evidence of possible spatial relationship.
An Australian Geographical Information and Modeling System for natural area management by S.R.Kessel. International Journal of Geographic
Information Systems, Vol. 4 , No. 3, July-Sept. 1990, pp. 333-341.
Description:In the Australian bush a GIS is used for fire prevention prediction and environmental fire effects on a PC-system using modeling through
different sub-modules.
Operational Flood Monitoring: A Reality with RADARSAT by S. Paterson, T. Pultz, R. Saper and Y. Crevier. EOM, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp. 1820.
Description: Data from Radarsat is used in a GIS to help monitor flooding on the Canadian prairies in 1996.
Improving Vegetation Monitoring and Assessment by D. Conrad and T. Wagner. EOM, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp. 32-34
Description: This paper compares AVHRR and SeaWiFS satellite data in regards to vegetation assessment, and improved vegetation indices.
Forest Monitoring in Malawi by J. Eastman and J. Toledano. EOM, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp. 28-31
Description:Researchers use GIS and the vegetation index to monitor forests, game reserves and national parks.
Handling Four-Dimensional Geo-referenced Data in Environmental GIS by D. Mason, M. O'Conaill and S. Bell. International Journal of Geographic
Information Systems, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 191-215
Description:GIS and four dimensional data sets are used to analyze environmental and resource problems including ocean features, global atmosphere
models and pollution plumes.
Remote Sensing Clarifies Water Quality by S. Morain and A. Budge. GIS World, Vol. 9, No. 10, October 1994, pp. 34, 36.
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Description:The use of remote sensing technology incorporated into a GIS to help monitor water quality and help detect the presence of chemicals in
sediments.
Glaciers: Tracking Change in the Central Andes Mountains by A.G. Klein and B.L. Isacks. GIS World, Vol. 9, No. 10, October 1994, pp. 48-50, 52.
Description:This article discusses the use of GIS to track glacier extent and climate change in the Central Andes mountains from the paleo-glacial
period to the present.
Vegetative Succession and Controlled Fire in a Glades by Kim E. Lowell and Joseph H. Astroth. International Journal of GIS, Vol.3, No.1, pp.69-81.
Description: GIS is used on a federal wilderness area in Missouri to observe vegetative succession in relation to fire management.
Management of Wildfires with a Geographic Information System by Yue Hong Chou. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems, Vol.6,
No.2, 1992, pp.123-140.
Description: Fire probability maps and possible prescribed burning strategies are determined using GIS applications.
Helping Nature Take Its Course by Carolyn Fry. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp.28-30.
Description:This article describes the use of GIS in determining potential land areas to be converted into nature reserves for threatened species.
National GIS Fills "Gaps" in Biological Diversity by Kevin P. Corbley. GIS World, Vol.9, No.8, August 1996, pp. 50-53.
Description:The Gap Analysis Program (GAP) is a centralized GIS that provides an overview of vegetation and animal species distribution across the
United States. GAP focuses on protecting a species while it still is common, before it becomes endangered. GAP will achieve this by building a large
geographical information system that will draw correlations among land cover, species distribution, habitat locations and existing conservation land.
Compiling information from each of these categories will result in environments where certain species could thrive and hence avoid extinction.
Grizzly Country: GPS/GIS Help Monitor the Great Bear's Fragile Ecosystem by D.E.Peterson. GIS World, Vol.9, No.4, April 1996, pp. 52-55.
Description: GPS and GIS are used to study grizzly bear habitat in Montana. Grizzly sitings are related to changing vegetation patterns and anthill
communities.
Feature-based derivation of drainage networks by J.E. McCormack, M.N. Gahegan, S.A.Roberts.. International Journal of Geographical Information
Systems, Vol.7, No.3, May-June 1993, pp.263-279.
Description: This paper describes how the integration of four technologies: digital elevation models (DEMs); remote sensing, mathematical modelling of
earth surface processes; and GISs are essential for the interpretation of data in the social and environmental sciences. Through the use of these four
technologies, drainage directions can be defined in depressions and on plateaus.
Wolf Recovery: GIS Facilitates Habitat Mapping in the Great Lake States by K. Conway.. GIS World, Vol.9, No.11, November 1996, pp.54-57.
Description:Scientists in the Great Lakes region are using GIS to determine suitable environmental areas for wolf restoration and the number of wolves
that would be able to occupy the identified areas.
Evolution of a Continental-Scale Geographic Information System by K.D. Cocks, P.A. Walker, C.A. Parvey. International Journal of Geographic
Information Systems, Vol.2, No.3, July- September, 1988, pp. 263-280.
Description: Describes a GIS designed to support decision makers working with small-scale variables in order to manage Australia's natural and
anthropogenic resources.
Research related to GIS at the Natural Environmental Research Council's Unit for Thematic Information Systems by D.C. Mason and J.R.G. Townshend.
International Journal of GIS, Vol.2, No.2, June 1996, pp. 121-141
Description: The use of a Digital Elevation Model for topographic correction and classification of data for ecological mapping in upland areas. Also to
identify volcanoes of varying magnitude which may possibly effect humans. This was accomplished by gathering information from the past and present
on each volcano being studied.
The potential of GIS Modeling of gravity flows and slope instabilities by G. Wadge. International Journal of GIS, Vol.2, No.2, June 1996, pp. 143-152
Description: Using a Digital Elevation Model with other information such as soil type and annual precipitation and determining slope stability and gravity
flow Kinematics. This information will give us a better understanding of the potential for soil creep, landslides, glacial flow and avalanches.
Integrating Space - Based Imagery with GIS Landbase Datasets by David k. Nole and Jolyon D. Thurgood. GIS World, Vol.9, No.6, April-June 1988, p.
58-60
Description:Using GIS to survey and map features on the earths surface using remotely sensed data. This helps researchers better understand earth's
environment and natural resources.
Development of a geomorphological spatial model using object-oriented design. By Raper, J and D. Livingstone. Int. J. Geographical Information
Systems 9(4): 359-383 1995
Description: The paper presents the notion that spatial modeling in the environmental sciences is best achieved through the creation of an objectoriented modeling environment rather than the current practice of combining simple models with a GIS. The authors test their approach using a coastal
geomorphological theory.
Topographic solar radiation models for GIS By Dubayah, R. and P.M. Rich . Int. J. Geographical Information Systems 9(4): 405-419, 1995
Description: A GIS is used in conjunction with solar radiation models with the objective of modeling incident solar radiation over a range of temporal
and spatial scales. In particular, the effect of topography and plant canopies on solar radiation is investigated.
Soil-landscape modeling and spatial prediction of soil attributes By Gessler, P.E., I.D. Moore, N.J. McKenzie and P.J. Ryan. Int. J. Geographical
Information Systems 9(4): 421-432, 1995
Description:The authors investigate soil-landscape processes by combining mapping of hydrological and geomorphological processes with field
sampling. The resulting data are used to build predictive models of terrain attributes.
Evaluating field-based GIS for environmental characterization, modeling, and decision-support By Carver, S., I. Heywood, S., Cornelius, and D. Sear .
Int. J. Geographical Information Systems 9(4): 475-486, 1995
Description: The paper examines the appropriateness of GIS for use in environmental modeling, environmental characterization, and decision support
in remote field sites. An expedition to the Altai mountains of Siberia to evaluate a park proposal is presented as a case study.
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Epidemiologists Track Virus-Bearing Mosquitos By Kevin P. Corbley. GIS World, Vol. 9, No. 3, March 1996, pp. 52-57.
Description: GIS is used to predict the lakes which are probably breeding grounds to virus carrying mosquitoes. These lakes are then sprayed with
insecticide to help prevent the spread of diseases which mosquitoes carry.
TERRA-Vision-the integration of scientific analysis into the decision-making process By P. Van Voris, W.D. Millard, J. Thomas.. International Journal of
Geographical Information Systems, Vol.7, No.2, March-April 1993, pp. 143-164.
Description: Research was performed to prove that integrating GIS and animated visual technology is necessary in environmental research at the
landscape, regional, continent, and global scale. Specific visualization capabilities needed by scientist and decision-makers is also discussed.
The Central Rio Grande Valley. GIS World, Vol.9, No.12, December 1996, pp. 60-62.
Description: This article discusses the use of GIS in the analysis of ecosystem health factors. These health factors range in scope from items such as,
quality and quantity of natural areas to human impact on the landscape.
Use of an Expert System to Map Forest Soils From a Geographical Information System by A. Skidmore, P. Ryan, W. Dawes, D. Short and E. O'Loughlin.
International Journal of GIS, Vol. 5, No. 4, October - December 1991, pp. 431 - 445.
Description:Using an expert system, raster based GIS to make maps of forest soils, an option to the more traditional method of interpreting aerial
photographs (supported by ground surveys) is provided. This articles deals mainly with one specific site, and the considerations and methods that were
needed in producing the maps.
A Bosnian peace settlement- with a little help from GIS. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1996, pp.8.
Description: GIS is used in negotiations to demonstrate that a corridor for safe passage would need to be wider than 2 km to effectively link the eastern
Muslim enclave with Sarajevo.
Remotely sensed data as an information source for geographical information systems in natural resource management: a review by Craig M. Trotter.
International Journal of GIS, Vol. 5, No. 2, April June 1991, pp. 225-239.
Description:The discussion of the use of automated integration of remotely sensed digital data into GIS as a cheaper more efficient method of
environmental management.
The Great Lakes: Monitoring Wetlands Across Large Scale Ecosystems By: Thomas E. Dahl, Richard D. Young and Martha C. Caldwell. GIS World,
July 1996, Vol.9, No. 7, pp 58-60.
Description:This article outlines the process by which a GIS is used to create databases, various layers and essentially final maps that will aid in the
monitoring of changes in attribute data throughout the Great Lakes Region. Specifically, land use types, wetlands and drainage patterns are studied.
Regional Geographic Database Supports Environmental Assessment By J. Fehringer, K. Green, J.T. Campbell and C. Frye. GIS World, Vol. 10, No. 1,
January 1997, pp. 50-54.
Description:This article discusses the application of GIS technology to mapping the physical and cultural resources of the Southern Appalachian region.
The need for this kind of study arises from the often conflicting land uses in the area. The entire process from data collection, to classification and final
application is summarized.
The Role for a Geographic Information System in a Large Environmental Project By W.G. Campbell, M. Robbins Church, G.D. Bishop, D.C. Mortenson
and S. M. Pierson. International Journal of GIS, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1989, pp. 349-362.
Description: This review of a study, describes the advantages and applications of using Arc/INFO GIS technology for assessing the regional effects of
surface water acidification. GIS methods were used for data collection and verification using previous maps, and for spatial analysis on both large and
small scales. Buffer Zones and acidification neutralizing capacities (ANC) were presented on final maps.
An information systems approach to the preservation of biological diversity. by: F.W. Davis. D.M. Storms. J.E. Estes and J. Secpan. Geographical
Information Systems Vol. 4, No. 12 pp. 55-78.
Description: With biological diversity emerging in the 1980's as a major scientific and political issue, efforts to improve the lack of cohesive data sets
has been achieved using Geographical Information Systems. In California the gaps in the network of nature reserves were identified and improved so
the assessment could be done more effectively.
A Geographical Information System for some Mediterranean benthic communities. by: R. Meaille and L. Wald. Geographical Information Systems Vol. 4,
No. 12 pp. 79-86.
Description: This article describes the use of a GIS in overlay analysis. The distinctive characteristic of this GIS compared with others was that each
layer had the same theme but were seen at different times and different scales and used by different oceanographers. A method was devised to
synthesize the content of all these layers so optimal use of the information could be achieved.
Development and application of a geographic information system for wetland/watershed analysis. By Reinelt;L.E.; Velikanje;J.; Bell,;E.J..COMP
ENVIRON URBAN SYST. 1991. vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 239-251
Description: Wetlands have received increased attention in recent years as a result of continuing wetland losses and impacts and the realisation that
wetlands have many important junctions and values. To obtain a better understanding of wetland resources, many local and regional agencies are
collecting inventory information on the spatial extent, types, systems, and historical losses of wetlands, and data on plants, animals, soils, hydrology, and
water quality. To facilitate the management and use of this information and data for analysis or decision making, it is desirable to have it in an organized
structure. In this paper, a Geographic Information System (GIS) is presented that is designed to meet this need for wetlands and their associated
watersheds. The first stage of the study involved the development of a process for use in creating a wetland/watershed GIS.
Vegetation indices derived from remote sensing for an estimation of soil protection against water erosion by Cyr,;L.; Bonn;F.; Pesant,;A. ECOL MODEL.
1995 vol. 79, no. 1(3):, pp. 277 -;285
Description: In order to regionalize an erosion model based on a soil loss equation, the type of agricultural landuse and the percentage of ground cover
play a major role. A supervised classification of multidate SPOT imagery has been used for mapping the crops, and vegetation indices have been
derived from spectral data of each crop class in order to evaluate the soil coverage associated with these classes, in a hilly environment of the Quebec
Appalachians in Canada. The relation between ground coverage and vegetation indices for each crop has been obtained by photographic and
radiometric measurements on the ground at ten days interval throughout the growing season. Similarity between ground and satellite observations is
reasonably good. Results of the field campaign show that, generally, vegetation indices overestimate the ground coverage at the beginning of the
growing season and underestimate it at the end, with the appearance of senescence. These data will be integrated into a GIS for spatial mapping and
modelling of erosion.
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Modelling of nitrate leaching on a regional scale using a GIS by Jordan;C.; Mihalyfalvy;E.; Garrett,M.K.; SmithR.V.. ENVIRON MANAGE. 1994 vol. 42,
no. 3, pp. 279-298
Description: A GIS was used to model nitrate leaching losses to surface waters in Northern Ireland by integrating a number of datasets, including farm
and population census data, on a 10 x 10 km grid. This model enabled an estimate to be made of the contribution of agriculture, domestic sewage and
rainfall deposition to the amount of nitrate leached from each grid square. The model was also used to predict annual mean nitrate concentrations within
each grid square and the predictions validated against data from a statutory river monitoring programme. Predicted annual flow rates and nitrate
loadings to watercourses from catchments ranging in size from 14.9 km super(2) to 4453 km super(2) were compared with estimates based on
conventional monitoring. In general, the predicted flows and loads agreed with observed values to within plus or minus 10% for flow rates and to within
plus or minus 25% for nitrate loads. This level of prediction is an adequate level on which to base management decisions covering possible designation
under EC directives. The model predicted that losses of nitrate from agriculture accounted for around 70% of the annual total nitrate load to a major
watercourse. In the eastern counties of Northern Ireland, rainfall and domestic sewage made approximately equal contributions to the remaining 30% of
the nitrate leached. However, in the less heavily populated western counties of Northern Ireland, the contribution from rainfall to the amount of nitrate
leached was around five times that from domestic sewage.
ENVI Shows Consequences of Human Rain Forest Incursion by Research Systems Inc.. EOM, Vol 5, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 14.
Description:GIS systems is used to estimate change rates in land use, including deforestation, in the Rain Forest near Chamela.
Mapping Earth's Endangered Biodiversity By Jeff Specht.. GIS World, Vol.9, No. 3, March 1996, pp. 42-46.
Description: Countries, such as Madagascar, are experiencing an enormous loss of areas which are rich in biodiversity. GIS is being used to map
endangered biodiversity to help prevent their destruction.
CULTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC
Automation to Play Critical Role in 1996 Olympic Games by C. Blackmon, J. Stone and M. Dillard.. GIS World, Special Issue/June 1993, pp. 34-39.
Description: Transportation planning (GIS) for spectators, athletes and the city of Atlanta during the Olympics is the major focus of this article.
Mapping Efforts Bring Hope to Inner City Residents by D. Sawicki. GIS World, Special Issue/June 1993, pp. 30-33.
Description: Article discusses The Atlanta Project, a large scale government sponsored program that uses GIS to target areas for community
involvement.
GIS Enhances Alcohol/ Drug Prevention Planning by J. Harding and F. Wittman. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 6, June 1995, pp. 80-83.
Description: A network database is used to link city agencies involved in alcohol and drug prevention for cross agency planning.
Mexico Implements National Cadastre Modernization Program by D.H. Klein. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 6, June 1995, pp. 62-64.
Description: GIS is being organized by a government agency to manage land records in 100 Mexican cities.
Demographics Define Online GIS Community by Bill Thoen. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 6, June 1994. pp. 46-48.
Description: An interesting approach to how GIS can be used to map the use of online users on the internet who obtain GIS information.
Counting the People: The Role of GIS by D.W. Rhind Maguire, D.J., M.F. Goodchild, and D. Rhind. In: Geographic Information Systems: Principles and
Applications, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991, pp. 127-137.
Description: The practice of employing GIS's for demographics is becoming increasingly important as the world's population continues to grow to well
over 5 billion people. Up-to-date demographic information is vital for planning, and predicting environmental, economic, and political agendas. The role
of GIS's with respect to UK and US census procedures is discussed in this article, as well as growing concern many computer based systems (such as
GIS's) contribute to violations of confidentiality and personal information.
GIS Program Links Government Agencies by Laura Lang. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1994, p. 44-47.
Description: In the past there was very little coordination in municipal services in the country of Qatar. Under the direction of Sheikh Ahmed Bin Hamad
Al-Thani and Zul Jiwani Qatar had created the first country in the region to construct a centralized mapping agency to foster digital mapping practices.
Delegates from Qatar and travelled to Canada where they discovered that the Ontario Base Mapping Program at the Ministry of Natural Resources was
suited to their needs in Qatar. Back in Qatar the concepts of GIS brought the many separate government directors together to share in the decisions that
would be made in the new GIS. In 1990 the Centre for GIS was formed as the states official mapping agency. The agency sought to build "a high
resolution digital map database to provide a consistent framework for GIS". Quality assurance is highly automated now and is of a high standard. Each
ministry is producing their own layers of data under the direction of the Centre. Data was made available on line to other governmental organizations as
well which appreciate the access. Finally, one of the spin offs of the new reorganization is an electronic place finder service software was made for the
use of the general public.
GIS in Local Government: An Honest Decade's Work Pays Off by Timothy W. Foresman. GIS World, Vol. 5, No. 10, December 1992, pp. 28-30.
Description: Development, changes and applications of a GIS at the local government level.
Measuring The Past For The Future by G.Mavrellis, V.Printzios, E.Vozikis and A.Georgopoulos. GIS Europe, Vol. 3, No. 3, April 1994, pp. 28-32.
Description: A vector GIS system is used to model a 14th century castle and its surrounding terrain in Cephalonia, Greece, by integrating data from
field survey equipment.
GIS Supports Holocaust Survivors Video Archive by Laura Lang. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 10, October 1995, pp. 42-45.
Description: GIS is used to manage video, text, voice and maps in an application to build a historic archive based on the experiences of holocaust
survivors.
Digitizing History: GIS aids historical research by L.R. Poos and Yecheng Wu. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 7, July 1995, pp 48-51.
Description: GIS is used to show voting relationships in civil war Texas.
GIS Aids in Historical Research by L.R. Poos, Y. Woo, J. Allen, T.Finan, C. Jewet and L. Erdman. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 9, July 1995. pp. 48-51.
Description: This paper discusses the use of GIS to aid in historical research. It allows historians to take advantage of new, easy to use GIS software.
Addressing The Issues by Robert Barr. GIS Europe, vol. 4, No. 9, November 1995, pp. 18-19.
Description: Barr discusses the compilation of a file containing all addresses and related personal information of all of Europe. The difficulties of such
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an undertaking are also discussed.
Mapping gender inequality in Europe by Tom Browne and Diane Perrons. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.5, May 1996, pp18-19.
Description: GIS is used to display regional variations in gender inequality and to develop a spatial, but primarily attribute database for data relating to
gender.
EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
Cable TV Offers Instant Geo-Data by Hunter Kome. GIS World, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 1995, pp. 58-61.
Description: In Johnston County, N.C., a GIS is linked to a cable TV channel in order to allow public access to municipally gathered geographical data.
Re-engineering Efforts Enhance Information Access. by Ginger M. Juhl. GIS World, Vol. 7, No. 12, December 1994, pp. 54-56.
Description: This article details how the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan is planning on using GIS to integrate its information management systems
including tax and infrastructure management.
GIS Technology Trains Tomorrow's Workers by L. Lang. GIS World, Vol.7, No. 10, October 1994, pp. 52-55.
Description: ARC/PLOT is used as an interactive tool to develop critical thinking skills in high school students.
Breaking the Data Barrier: From Aeronautical Charting to Total Information Management by Edwin G. Greven. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 9, November
1995, pp. 28-30.
Description: Building an aeronautical database. This application would allow digital information to be transmitted directly to the cockpit and move away
from the use of paper charts.
Easing the Expansion of Cable TV by S. Dawoodi. GIS Europe, Vol. 2, No. 5, June 1993, pp. 39-41.
Description: The benefits of a GIS in facilitating the expansion of cable television throughout the United Kingdom are outlined.
GIS Facilitates Regional Recycling Efforts by D. Himes and M. Fahl. GIS World, Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1993, pp. 37-39.
Description: This article describes the city of Portland Oregon's Recycling Information Program. The Program uses ARC/INFO GIS to enhance and
improve the efficiency and ability of staff to access information to respond to telephone inquiries. For instance, using zip codes, they can direct callers to
the nearest facility that recycles certain materials.
GIS for telecommunications planning and management by P. Newton, P. Zwart, M.Cavil, J.R. Crawford, P.Edney, and S. Greener Worrall, Les. In:
Spatial Analysis and Spatial Policy using Geographic Information Systems, New York, Bellhaven Press, 1991.
Description: The creation of a GIS expert group in Australia has done much to improve their organizations use of telecommunication technology.
The Telford Urban Policy Information Systems Project by Worrall, Les. In: Spatial Analysis and Spatial Policy using Geographic Information Systems,
New York, Bellhaven Press, 1991. p. 128.
Description: A chapter describing the integration of GIS to public policy: Case Study for Telford U.K. Policy
Mobile Telecommunications by Natalie Roan. In: Profiting from a GIS, by Gilbert Castle, GIS World, 1993, pp. 177-191.
Description: The application of GIS technology to mobile telecommunications may be in the areas of network improvement, marketing, sales and
distribution and customer service. The application to the actual engineering of the network design may aid with respect to frequency propagation and
trouble shooting particular geographic areas with more remote access. Marketing and sales areas provide predictive opportunities through the use of
customer profiles, and forecast demand areas. The use of GIS in sales and service management would simply mean that customer service centres
could be located nearest to the customer base.
The Shipping News from the Seabed by M. Max, E. Bovio and F. Spina. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August 1996, pp.16-18.
Description: This article describes a series of military tests which were conducted off the coast of Italy by the Italian Navy in 1995 and 1996. GIS
navigational maps were used to improve ship to shore communication regarding seabed and water characteristics.
MIT's Computer Resource Lab, a Research and Educational Facility for GIS in Urban Planning. International Journal of Geographical Information
Systems, Vol.6, No.4, 1992, pp.299-307.
Description: This paper describes the GIS curriculum for those students in Masters in City Planning Degree at the Massachusett's Institute of
Technology.
Note: This Volume was a special edition in the field of education which contained technical articles in teaching
The Art of Networking by F Foulon, H Breemersch and M Pallage . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.9, September 1996, pp.36-37.
Description: A Belgian television cable company used a customized GIS program to plan the location of the hardware needed to bring cable to the
constantly changing number and location of subscribers.
GIS and Astronaut Training: First Step into a New Frontier by B.Rundquiset, D.Frank, T.Miewald, K.Lulla and D.McLaughlin. GIS World, Vol.9, No.4,
April 1996, pp. 44-47.
Description: A GIS database is being developed to train astronauts in the recognition of important Earth observation sites prior to their flight into space.
Line of Sight Communication on Terrain Models. by L. De Floriani, P. Morzano, and E. Puppo. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems,
Vol. 8, No. 4, July-August 1994, pp. 329-342.
Description:Using GIS to create topographic surfaces and elevation models which can be used to locate visibility dependent transceiver stations for
communications. The elevation models can be used to determine when a signal will be blocked by a particular landform, and which locations are best to
avoid this problem.
Bridging the Information Gap by T. Bowler and A. Rouzere. Gis Europe, Vol.5, No.11, November 1996, pp. 34-36.
Description:GIS is being implemented for a French motorway firm as a tool to shrink the distance and increase the flow of information between
personelle of various disciplines.
The Power To Weather the Storm by H.Schlaupitz and L.Skog. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.10, October 1996, pp. 44-46.
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Description: Scandinavia is using GIS for power distribution. By combining line capacity, transformer power, and other transmission plant information
management control has been enhanced. This has become an important tool in security, customer relations, maintenance, and expansion.
Adding a new dimension to telecommunications planning GIS being used by Andy Wells and Jonathan Shears. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1996,
pp.36-38.
Description:GIS is used in the multiple needs of the telecommunications industry, which is moving from the use of 2D to 3D information display.
Cellular radio: planning and analysis using GIS by Ben Dair and Bronya Oldfield . GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1996, pp.40-42.
Description:The article describes how GIS is being used in cellular radio company for both planning their radio network and profit maximization.
Staying on line in Italy by Giuseppe de Nicola . GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1996, pp.44-45.
Description:GIS is used to monitor the phone network within Italy, for the quality of their products, the used that they receive and the number of staff
required to respond accordingly.
Portugal Telecom: ready for the communications century by Pedro Barata. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1996, pp.46-48.
Description:This article explains how Portugal Telecom has used GIS to update their network and the subsequent rewards of the system throughout the
company.
The Telecommunications Showdown by: Laura Lang. Business Geographics, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 30 -32.
Description: Geographic technology is used to develop map layers to show a telecommunication company's franchise area, telephone exchange
boundaries and the company's fiber network. Time Warner Communications uses three PC-based geographics packages (including ATLAS GIS) to
create street level geo-coded maps to study current customer locations and the location of other businesses. GIS can be used to determine areas where
a telecommunications company could compete cost effectively with local telephone companies.
Utility Transcends "Tribal Knowledge." by: K.Cunningham. EOM, Vol.5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 19-20
Description: Tampa Electric Company executives believe that digital maps provide the only view and access to decision-critical data. Their GIS have
allowed for decisions to be made faster and more cost effectively, because in the past their drafters were the only users who could search for the
information and share it with others, now all other departments in this company have access to the data base, engineering records and basemaps.
Designing a Personal Guidance System to Aid Navigation Without Sight: Progress on the GIS Component. by R. Golledge, J. Loomis, R. Klatzky, A.
Flury and X. Yang. International Journal of GIS, Vol. 5, No. 4, October - December 1991, pp. 373 - 395.
Description:Although the majority of the article is technical and deals with the logistics of using GIS in this sort of capacity (as a database; the needs
and processes behind developing algorithms for path selection; etc.), it also introduces another interesting application for GIS -- for 'blind' navigational
purposes. It also outlines many of the key considerations of 'vision-impaired travellers'. The US Santa Barbara Campus is used as a test site for the
technology.
Hydrology
Dutch water management from the bottom up by Roy Opie. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 2, March 1995, pp. viii-x.
Description: Using GIS for water management in the Netherlands, and laying down GIS data guidelines for other water organizations.
Shifting sands: coastline management with GIS in the Netherlands by Tjark Van Huevel. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 2, March 1995, pp. xiv-xvi.
Description: Using GIS to manage the Netherlands changing coastline of dunes and beaches.
Eyes to the Ground: Monitoring Ground water Quality with ZEUS by Werner Flacke. GIS Europe, Vol. 4, No. 8, October 1995, pp. 34-36.
Description: The Zentrales Umwelktompetenz-System (ZEUS)links an Oracle relational database to ESRI's ARC/INFO GIS and application-specific
software. ZEUS is used by geohydrologists in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, to analyze groundwater quality data.
GIS Supports Hydrological Modelling by C. Spence, A. Dalton and G. Kite. GIS World, Vol. 8, No.1, Jan. 95, pp. 62-65.
Description: GIS is used to create hydrological models for researching possible effects of climate change throughout the Columbia River basin.
Finding a Solution for Pollution by K.Ya. Kondratyev, P. Bobylev, V.K. Donchenko, V.V. Rastoskuev and E.V. Shalina . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August
1996, pp.20-22.
Description: Remote Sensing Data and Idrisi GIS are being utilized to create a system for monitoring and analyzing the environmental impacts
associated with industrial activity in the region surrounding St. Petersburg, Russia.
Virtual Pylons into Geographic Reality by M. Hebert and J. Argence . GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.8, August 1996, pp.28-30.
Description: This article describes the use of 3D terrain models in GIS in the siting of electricity pylons in France.
RADARSAT Data to Enhance Ice Forecasting Efforts by Kevin Corbley. GIS World, Vol.9, No.2, pp.60.
Description: GIS is used to locate ice flows and determine the thickness of ice.
GIS Aids Alaska Fire-Fighting Efforts by Michael G. Anderson. GIS World, Vol.9, No.8, August 1996, pp. 13
Description: This informative article discusses the use of GIS in aiding Alaska fire fighters. GIS was called on to help plan against and attack a 23,000
blaze.
On Contaminated Ground. by D. Giles, A. Morgan and P. Darlow. GIS Europe, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 1996, pp. 20-22.
Description: The use of GIS to map and assess soil contamination in Portsmouth, U.K. The program was then used to determine which areas were
suitable for development and where clean-up or monitoring activities were necessary.
Award Winning Firm uses GIS for Fuga Island Study by Newslink.. GIS World, Vol.9, No.11, November 1996, p.18.
Description: This article describes how GIS was used to conduct an environmental suitability analysis of a remote island, which was being considered
for urban and industrial development.
GIS Aids Airport Noise Management by Newslink. . GIS World, Vol.9, No.11, November 1996, p.19.
Description: GIS is used to reduce noise disturbance to local residents and to improve the quality and timing of response to the public.
Integrated Flood Response in the Pacific Northwest by Charles L. Rosenfeld et al.. EOM, Vol 5, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 20-23.
Description: GIS system is used to track the flooding patterns in the area, allowing response systems to be better equipped.
Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Mapping For Oil Spills Using Remote Sensing And GIS Technology. by John R. Jensen et al.. International Journal
of GIS, Vol 4, No. 2, April-June 1990, pp. 181-201
Description: Explains the use of remote sensing and GIS technology to help prevent an oil spill as well as applications in oil spill clean up.
Quantifying septic nitrogen loadings to receiving waters: Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts By Cham, C.H., J.W. Brawley, and M.A. Moritz. Int. J.
Geographical Information Systems 9(4): 463-473, 1995
Description: A ground-water model, a GIS, and a spatio-temporal nitrogen model are combined to assess septic nitrogen inputs into Waquoit Bay,
Mass.
Global Geographical Databases for Modeling Trace Gas Fluxes By Elaine Matthews. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Vol.7,
No.2, March-April 1993, pp. 125-142.
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Description: Global digital databases are developed and integrated into the study of terrestrial sources and sinks of trace gasses at a global level rather
than local level.
Coordinating hazardous waste management activities using GIS by: J. Estes, K. McGwire, G. Fletcher, T. Foresman. International Journal of GIS, Vol. 1,
No. 4, Oct-Dec 1987, pp. 359 - 377.
Description: GIS provides a superior method of organizing environmental data required for comprehensive monitoring of hazardous waste sites.
Environmental parameters can be stored in the GIS and used to calculate the possible ways waste may migrate from the site. The role of GIS
technology for monitoring and managing hazardous waste sites is described in the article.
A GIS method to aid in non-point source critical area analysis by A.Sivertun, L.E.Reinelt and R.Castensson . International Journal of Geographic
Information Systems, Vol.2, No.4, October-December 1988, pp.365-377.
Description: The advantages of using remote sensing techniques, image processing, computer mapping and overlays to make inventories of land uses
and to improve land and water management are discussed. GIS was used in a case study to select critical source areas for sediment-related water
quality problems and resource problems.
Urban non-point;source pollution assessment using a Geographical Information System by Kim;Kyehyun; VenturaS.J.; Harris;P.M.; Thum,;P.G.; Prey;J..
J;ENVIRON;MANAGE. 1993 vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 157-170
Description: This paper presents a micro approach for establishing an effective mitigation strategy to control urban non-point sources pollution. It also
discusses the potential of using a geographical information system (GIS) to obtain precise estimates of pollutant loadings for individual sewersheds. In
this micro-approach, a total of 11 sewersheds were delineated from digital versions of existing sewer maps. The pollutant loadings of individual land use
polygons, derived as the collection unit from individual street blocks, were aggregated to get the total pollutant loadings of each sewershed. The SLAMM
model was used to estimate pollutant loadings of five priority pollutants. To facilitate management and transfer of land use data for the non-poin source
model, a GIS was used. Using GIS overlay analysis and database management capabilities, all the input data were generated for each land use
polygon, and each polygon was assigned to appropriate sewersheds. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. The pollutant
loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical sewershed were estimated to establish a mitigation strategy. The selected strategy was the
installation of wet ponds. Two different approaches were investigated: a regional approach using a large area to build a wet pond at the major sewer
outfalls, and a mult-site approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction. The cost analysis shows the regional approach to be
more cost effective, though providing less pollutant control.
Modeling urban nonpoint source pollution with a geographic information system by Ventura ;S.J.; KimK. . Water Resour.;Bull. 1993 vol. 29, no. 2, pp.
189-198
Description: A geographic information system (GIS) was a useful aid in the assessment of urban nonpoint source pollution and the development of a
pollution control strategy. The GIS was used for data integration and display, and to provide data for a nonpoint source model. An empirical nonpoint
source loading model driven by land use was used to estimate pollutant loadings of priority pollutants. Pollutant loadings were estimated at fine spatial
resolution and aggregated to storm sewer drainage basins (sewersheds). Eleven sewersheds were generated from digital versions of sewer maps. The
pollutant loadings of individual land use polygons, derived as the units of analysis from street blocks, were aggregated to get total pollutant loadings
within each sewershed. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. Pollutant loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical
sewershed were estimated to develop a mitigation strategy. Two approaches based on the installation of wet ponds were investigated a regional
approach using one large wet pond at the major sewer outfall and a multisite approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction.
Cost analyses showed that the regional approach would be more cost effective, though it would provide less pollution control.
Where There's Muck There's GIS: Monitoring the Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Use. by M. Pallage and Y. Mercer. GIS Europe, Vol.5, No.1, January
1996, pp. 24 - 26.
Description: Since all livestock manufacturing produces manure, many farmers use it as a source of fertiliser. However, many countries have a variety
of strict rules and regulations regarding its use; France in particular has rules which differ even between governmental departments. These rules are
intended to safeguard rivers and groundwater from both toxicity and unpleasant odours. To simplify and expedite matters, a GIS program has been
established which allows the user to overlay the various components of fertiliser control. The final results come in the form of 'manure-distribution plans'
which show the farmers how much, what type and where manure fertilisers can be used.
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