Pakistan Movement
Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (Urdu: ‫ )ت حری ک پ اک س تان‬was the struggle
carried out by the Muslims of British India to create a separate homeland in fear of losing
their identity, culture and liberty to the dominant indian culture of South Asia and the
Hindu majority state. This struggle was led by the Muslim League and resulted in the
partition of the British Empire in India. The movement was led by Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, along with such leaders asAllama Iqbal, Liaqat Ali Khan, Fatima
Jinnah, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, A.K. Fazlul Huq, and Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar
among the many others.
Contents
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1 History of the movement
2 Timeline
3 Statements and Sayings
4 References
5 Other Leaders
6 See also
7 External links
History of the movement
Muslim League Working Committee at the Lahore session
The idea of a separate state was first introduced by Allama Iqbal in 1930[1]. Subsequently,
the name Pakistan was proposed by Choudhary Rahmat Ali in his Pakistan Declaration in
1933.[2]. However, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other leaders maintained their belief in
religious unity.[3] It was only after, the volatile political climate and emerging religious
hostilities between Hindus and Muslims that gave the idea a stronger backing.[4] 1937
election results was a major shift in indian politics. congress succeeded in 7 provinces
while in four provinces congress was defeated. among the four non congress provinces
The Punjab and Bengal had not only power but also had resources( both human and
physical). in bengal Muslim league shared government with A.K.Fazlul haq Kirisk parja
party while The Punjab was neither with congress nor with Muslim league but under
unionists, a secular party working under leadership of eminent mian sir Fazl-e-Hussain.
After fazl-e-hussain, sir sikindar hayat took leadership. in 1938, Punjab decided to select
jinah her bargaining agent in center and did an agreement Jinah-sikandar pact. so in a
period of less then 15 months, with the tremendous support of Punjab and Bengal Jinaah
made historic lahore resolution. In 1940, at the occasion of its general session in Lahore,
Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (also known as Pakistan Resolution) that
became the main objective of struggle for independence. Soon after World War II, United
states pressurize both Britain and France to abolish colonization. Britishers tried to
develop a consensus among political players in India through crisps mission and cabinet
mission but due to the strictness of congress they finally devided it.. By 1947, British
India was divided into a Muslim majority Pakistan and a Hindu majority India.
Timeline
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1849 Annexation of the Punjab
1850 Introduction of urdu in Punjab ( almost
all west Pakistan excluding Sindh)
1857 War of Independence
1885 Formation of the Indian National
Congress
1901 Partition of Punjab
1905 Partition of Bengal
1906 Simla Deputation
1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim
League
1909 Minto – Morley Reforms
1911 Annulment of the Partition of Bengal
1914-18 World War I
1916 Lucknow Pact
1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
1919-23 Khilafat Movement
1922-29 Hindu – Muslim Riots
1927 Delhi Muslim Proposals
1928 Nehru Report
1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1930 Simon Commission Report
1930 Separation of a strong punjabi group
from congress and formation of Majlis-eAhrar-ul-islam
1930 Allama Iqbal Address
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1931 Kashmir Resistance movement
1930-32 Round Table Conferences
1932 Communal Award (1932)
1933 Now or Never Pamphlet
1935 Government of India Act
1937 Elections
1937-39 Congress Rule in 7 out of 11
Provinces
1937 Strong anti congress governments in
Punjab and Bengal
1938 Fazulul Gaq of bengal joined Muslim
League
1938 Jinah Sikandar pact
1938 Pirpur Report
1939-45 World War II
1939 Resignation of congress ministries and
non congress power players got golden
chance
1940 Pakistan Resolution
1940 March 19 Khaksar Massacre in
Lahore[5][6]
1942 Quit India Movement and non
congress players further got space
1942 Cripps' mission
1944 Gandhi - Jinnah Talks
1945 The Simla Conference
1946 The Cabinet Mission the last British
effort to united india
1946 Direct Action Day aftermath of cabinet
mission plan
1946 Interim Government installed in office
1946 Quit Kashmir Campaign as the
formation of the interim government of
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Azad Kashmir
1947 June 3 Partition Plan
1947 Creation of Pakistan
Statements and Sayings
Allama Iqbal
“
I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and
Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within the
British Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of a
consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the
final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.[7]
”
Choudhary Rahmat Ali
“
At this solemn hour in the history of India, when British and Indian
statesmen are laying the foundations of a Federal Constitution for that
land, we address this appeal to you, in the name of our common heritage,
on behalf of our thirty million Muslim brethren who live in Pakstan - by
which we mean the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West
Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan - for
your sympathy and support in our grim and fateful struggle against
political crucifixion and complete annihilation.[2]
”
Quaid-e-Azam
“
It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the
real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not religious in the strict sense of the
word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders, and it is a dream that the
Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this
misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction
if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two
different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither
intermarry nor interdine together and, indeed, they belong to two different
civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their
aspect on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and
Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have
different epics, different heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of
one is a foe of the other and, likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke
together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and
the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of
any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state.”[8]
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