Lab 2
Name____________________________
Blood - Exercise 29A
Lab Section ________________
Bring a camera to lab if you have one.
Blood Analysis: Computer Simulation - Exercise 29B
Exercise 29A
Do questions 1 and 2 at home using information from Table 29A.1 and pages 428 in
the lab manual.
Give a unique characteristic of each of the blood cell types that can be observed with a
microscope and will allow you to clearly distinguish among the cell types. For
leukocytes, give the % of each in the leukocyte population.
Neutrophil - % ___________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Lymphocyte - % ___________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Monocyte - % ___________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Eosinophil - % ___________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Basophil - % ___________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Erythrocyte
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Construct a dichotomous key that will help you identify the six cell types under the
microscope. Set it up so that at each step you ask a question about the appearance of the
cells under a microscope that has only a yes or no answer. Continue until each cell is in
its own group.
Draw a picture of each cell at the end of the key and color it appropriately. Be sure that
you use the correct relative sizes for each cell. Label nucleus and granules if appropriate.
Colored pencils are available in the lab.
One possible start is:
Does the cell have a nucleus?
Yes
No
Activity 2: Examining the Formed Elements of Blood Microscopically, 6 (using a
prepared slide).
Use a prepared slide of a blood smear and be sure you can identify all the
formed elements on a slide. Use the photos in the lab manual histology atlas
or on web sites to help you identify the cells. Use the 40X lens.
Activity: Blood Typing
(From Ward's or Carolina’s Simulated ABO and Rh Blood Typing)
Blood typing is an example of an antigen-antibody reaction. Antibodies are a normal part
of the immune response. In this example, the antigen-antibody complex that forms is a
clump of blood cells.
A. Refer to your text, page 671, for information about ABO and Rh blood groups.
B. Obtain a blood typing kit for your lab group. The kit should contain:





1 vial of simulated Anti-A Typing Serum
1 vial of simulated Anti-B Typing Serum
1 vial of simulated Anti-Rh Typing Serum
1 vial of blood (samples differ)
1 blood typing tray


toothpicks
glass marking pencil
C. Using the wax marking pencil, label the blood typing slide with the number of your
sample. Write your sample number here _________ .
D. Follow directions for the
Ward’s
Carolina kit. (Circle one)
Carolina:
Place one drop of simulated blood in each well of the typing slide.
Add one drop of anti-A serum in each A well
Add one drop of anti-B serum in each B well
Add one drop of anti-Rh serum in each Rh well
Stir each well with a different clean toothpick. Avoid cross contamination.
Wait a few minutes and observe each well.
Record observations on the data sheet, and answer the related questions.
Ward’s:
Place three or four drops of simulated blood in each well of the typing slide.
Add three or four drops of anti-A serum in each A well
Add three or four drops of anti-B serum in each B well
Add three or four drops of anti-Rh serum in each Rh well
Stir each well with a different clean toothpick. Avoid cross contamination.
Wait a few minutes and observe each well.
Record observations on the data sheet, and answer the related questions.
Blood Typing Results
A. Record your clumping (agglutination) observations below:
use + to indicate clumping
use - to indicate no clumping
Sample #
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-Rh
Serum
Serum
Serum
Blood Type
B. Questions (Check your results with me before proceeding with the questions.)
Answer these questions at home after you have completed the lab. They will be
useful in preparing the poster for a poster session next week.
1. Give a general definition of antigen.
2. Give a general definition of antibody
3. What ABO antigens are present on the surface of the sample blood?
4. What ABO antibodies are in this blood?
5. If this person needed a transfusion, what blood type(s) could be used?
6. What happens to erythrocytes if incompatible blood types are mixed?
7. Can a man with AB blood be the father of this person? __________
Explain.
9. Can this person have two parents who are RH+ ?
Can this person have two parents who are Rh-?
Can this parent have heterozygous parents for Rh?.
Explain your reasoning.
10. What is/are the possible genotype(s) for this person?
What are the possible genotypes for this person’s parents?
Illustrate using the Punnett square.
11. Suzanne’s blood type is O+. Can this person be one of Suzanne’s parents?
Explain your reasoning.
Assignment
Prepare a poster with the members of your group to illustrate this exercise. Include on
your poster a brief introduction to describe what the test is, the data, and the answers to
the above questions, including a brief statement of your explanation. You will be asked
to give an oral presentation of this at the next lab. Your poster should include a figure
showing the blood typing results for the sample blood, as well as the data chart. The final
section of the poster should be a summary statement about the experiment. Figures of
various blood types are posted on my web site if you did not bring a camera to lab.
Exercise 29B
PEx 65.
Activity 1: Hematocrit Determination, 1 - 10
Activity 5: Total Cholesterol Determination, 1 - 10
Activity 1: Hematocrit Determination. Follow directions in the lab manual.
1. Record Data in the Table below:
Blood Sample
Height of
Column of
Blood
(mm)
Height of
Red Blood
Cell Layer
(mm)
Height of
Buffy Coat
(WBCs)
(mm)
Hematocrit
%WBC
Healthy Male
Boston
Healthy Female
Boston
Healthy Male
Denver
Health Female
Denver
Male aplastic
anemia
Female iron
deficiency
anemia
2. What is the hematocrit of a healthy male living at sea level in Boston? _______
3. What is the hematocrit of a healthy female living at sea level in Boston? ______
4. What is the hematocrit of a healthy male living at 1-mile elevation in Denver? ______
6. How can you explain the difference between the hematocrits of the healthy male in
Boston and the healthy male in Denver? Hint : look up the relationship of altitude to
barometric pressure. Air with lower barometric pressure contains less oxygen.
7. What kidney hormone is released in response to low O2 levels? _________________
What is its target tissue? ______________________
What is its function?
Activity 5: Total Cholesterol Determination
Record Data in the Table Below Note: dL refers to deciliter (0.1 liter or 100 ml)
Patient
Approx. Total
Cholesterol mg/dL
Cholesterol Level
1
2
3
4
1. What are some essential roles for cholesterol in the body?
2. What risks are associated with low blood cholesterol?
3. What health problems might be in store for patient 2 based on these results?
4. What advice about diet and exercise would you give patient 4?