Proposal for Annual Plan 2008
Project Name:
Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management Project
Project Location:
Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, Mozambique
Project Number:
GLO-02/467-2 (NORAD), MZ 00010.01 (WWF)
Project Budget:
2008: NOK 1,769,714 (NOK 1,769,714 requested from Norad, incl. 8%
administration grant from Norad to WWF-Norway)
Local Partner(s):
WWF Southern Africa Regional Programme Office (SARPO); WWFMozambique Coordination Office (MCO); National Directorate for
Conservation Areas (DNAC); Forum Natureza em Perigo (FNP) (NGO)
Contact Person(s):
Harrison Kojwang, Russell Taylor (WWF-SARPO); Helena Motta (WWFMCO); Anne Martinussen (WWF-Norway)
Start Date:
2006-January
Expected End Date:
2008-December
Global 200 Eco-region(s)1
East African Marine Eco-region
Part of an eco-region action programme?
1
Yes
X
No
Indicate the ecoregion(s) in which the project has a conservation impact.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 1
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project proposal comprises an extension to the existing Bazaruto Community Based
Natural Resource Management Project, which is being implemented in the Bazaruto
Archipelago National Park (BANP) of Mozambique. The previous phase of the project
covered a three-year period 2003-2005, and the current proposal concerns the year 2008 of
the second three-year phase 2006-2008. The project goal is “Local communities benefit
from and contribute to the conservation of coastal and marine biodiversity in the
Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, Mozambique,” and the purpose is that “Communitybased organisations are actively participating in the protection, management and
sustainable use of the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park and its natural resources,
together with the management authority and private sector partners”.
Introduction and project background
The BANP is one of only two marine parks within Mozambique. Covering an area of 1,430
km2, comprising the five islands and surrounding waters of the Bazaruto Archipelago, the
BANP provides protection to the largest and only remaining viable population of dugongs in
the Western Indian Ocean; five species of sea turtles; coral reefs; whales, dolphins and other
marine animals; plus several endemic terrestrial gastropods and lizards. It is also an
important bird area, in particular, hosting significant aggregations of Palaearctic migrant
water birds.
The Archipelago also supports a resident population of about 3,500 people living in seven
communities. Most families are extremely poor and are strongly dependent on the use of
natural resources for their livelihoods. Small-scale fishing is the primary activity and main
source of income for over 70% of households. Other important activities include the
harvesting of sand oysters and other marine resources, plus crop and livestock production.
There are concerns that current levels of resource use may not be sustainable, and are
already leading to diminishing harvests of fish and other resources, and thus reduced
incomes, increased poverty and reduced food security.
The Archipelago is a popular tourism destination. There are currently five functional hotels
within the Park, with a focus on so-called high value, low impact tourism. These contribute
substantially to the local economy and livelihoods of local residents, and are important
stakeholders within the BANP. In addition to employment opportunities, a portion of tourist
taxes is shared with local communities.
The vision for the BANP is to further develop a collaborative management approach whereby
communities continue to receive a share of tourism revenues, which should serve as an
incentive for them to develop and implement sustainable approaches to the use and
management of natural resources, and thus contribute to the conservation objectives of the
Park. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to develop the capacity of communities so as to
empower them to develop appropriate natural resource management institutions and
practices, such that they will be better placed to manage and benefit from the natural
resources in a sustainable manner.
Previous experiences
WWF has been providing support to the BANP since 1989, when the first Park Administration
was put in place. Support to the Park Administration is still being continued, currently by
WWF Switzerland through support to the Bazaruto Multiple Resource Use Project (MRUP,
2001-2005). WWF-Norway is funding a separate community component, the Bazaruto
Natural Resource Management Project. This proposal comprises the third year (2008) of the
second three-year phase (2006-2008), which is an extension of the previous project phase
(2003-2005).
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 2
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
Goal and purpose
The goal of the proposed Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management Project is “Local
communities benefit from and contribute to the conservation of coastal and marine
biodiversity in the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, Mozambique”.
The project purpose is that “Community-based organisations are actively participating in
the protection, management and sustainable use of the Bazaruto Archipelago National
Park and its natural resources, together with the management authority and private
sector partners”.
Outputs
Four main outputs will be pursued in order to achieve the project purpose and contribute to
the project goal:
Output 1:
Output 2:
Output 3:
Output 4:
Community associations, representing the various interests of local
communities, established and operational;
New and improved skills provided to island residents, enabling the adoption of
alternative livelihood activities and reduced pressure on natural resources
within the Park;
Improved capacity of communities to monitor, evaluate their use, and make
decisions towards the sustainable management of natural resources; and
Appropriate mechanisms for revenue sharing developed, enabling the efficient
transfer of monetary benefits to communities.
In addition a specific output has been defined focusing on the monitoring and management
cycle of the project to emphasise the importance of smooth implementation, progress
assessments and information flow between partners and stakeholders.
Project implementation arrangements
Implementation will be carried out under the existing partnership arrangement with the
National Directorate for Conservation Areas (DNAC), the Bazaruto National Park
Administration (BNAP), Forum Natureza em Perigo (FNP, a local NGO), and WWF through its
Mozambique Coordination Office (MCO) and its Southern Africa Regional Programme Office
(SARPO). The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between BNAP, FNP and WWF
during the previous project phase has been renewed for the current project phase. SARPO is
the contractual partner with WWF-Norway, and MCO and FNP is responsible for
implementation in the field in collaboration with BNAP. FNP has appointed a field supervisor
who is responsible for direct supervision of the project and in doing so it works closely with
the Park Administrator and WWF MCO. The Park Administrator is responsible for the
management of the Park and distribution of tax revenues from tourist fees to local
communities. The BANP Steering Committee, established by the Ministry of Tourism
(MITUR), oversees the implementation of this and other projects within the BANP. In addition
to MITUR and DNAC representatives, including the Park Administrator, it incorporates FNP,
and WWF MCO. Additional members are included by invitation as required. SARPO and
WWF-Norway lends technical and administrative support. WWF-Norway is ultimately
responsible for the Project and its deliveries through the contract with the Norwegian Agency
for Development Cooperation (Norad).
Budget
The table below shows the proposed total project budget for 2008, Norad’s direct project
contribution (100 per cent of project) and Norad’s administration grant (8 per cent of 100 per
cent of project budget). All figures are in NOK.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 3
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
Year
WWF-Norway
matching funds
Norad direct
project funding
Norad adm. grant
(8 per cent)
Total budget
0
1,638,624
131,090
1,769,714
2008
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 4
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction and project background ....................................................................................................... 2
Previous experiences .............................................................................................................................. 2
Goal and purpose .................................................................................................................................... 3
Outputs .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Project implementation arrangements ..................................................................................................... 3
Budget ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................... 9
The Bazaruto Archipelago National Park ...................................................................................... 9
1.1.1 Location and physiography ............................................................................................. 9
1.1.2 Natural resources and biodiversity values ..................................................................... 9
1.1.3 Conservation Areas ........................................................................................................ 10
1.1.4 Socio-economic Issues .................................................................................................. 10
1.1.5 Cultural Issues ................................................................................................................ 10
1.1.6 Institutional and legal framework issues ...................................................................... 11
Threats, problems and opportunities ........................................................................................... 11
1.2.1 Specific threats to the biological integrity of the islands include: ............................ 11
1.2.2 Potentially unsustainable development of the tourism industry in BANP: .............. 12
Stakeholders................................................................................................................................ 15
1.3.1 Local Communities ......................................................................................................... 15
1.3.2 Government Agencies .................................................................................................... 15
1.3.3 Tourism Operators .......................................................................................................... 15
1.3.4 Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs).................................................................... 15
Contribution to the implementation of national plans .................................................................. 19
1.4.1 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)................................................................... 19
1.4.2 Environmental plans and strategies ............................................................................. 19
1.4.3 Other national, sectoral, regional and local development plans ............................... 19

World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) ................................................. 19

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ....................................................................... 19

New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) .................................................. 19
Global thematic programme, eco-regional targets or global policy initiatives ............................. 20
1.5.1 Global Priorities .............................................................................................................. 20
1.5.2 Regional Priorities .......................................................................................................... 21
1.5.3 Target Driven Programmes (TDPs) ............................................................................... 21
PROJECT ACHIEVEMENTS, LESSONS AND DEVIATIONS .................................................. 21
Describe the extent to which the expected results have been achieved during the last
years ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Describe internal or external factors that have particularly affected project performance or
the planning ................................................................................................................................. 22
Describe significant changes in geographical and thematic areas of priorities or work in
the project .................................................................................................................................... 22
3
3.1
3.2
PROJECT GOAL AND PURPOSE............................................................................................. 22
Project Goal ................................................................................................................................. 22
Project Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 22
4
4.1
PROJECT OUTPUTS ................................................................................................................. 22
Output 1 Community associations, representing the various interests of local
communities, established and operational .................................................................................. 22
Output 2 New and improved skills provided to island residents, enabling the adoption of
alternative livelihood activities and reduce pressure on natural resources within the Park ........ 23
4.2
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 5
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
4.3
4.4
4.5
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Output 3 Improved capacity of communities to monitor, evaluate their use, and make
decisions towards the sustainable management of natural resources ....................................... 23
Output 4 Appropriate mechanisms for revenue sharing developed, enabling the efficient
transfer of monetary benefits to communities ............................................................................. 23
Output 5 System for the management and monitoring of the WWF Project established
and operational ............................................................................................................................ 23
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................. 23
Overall approach / Implementation strategy ............................................................................... 23
Activities ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Project implementation arrangements ........................................................................................ 27
5.3.1 Project organisation ....................................................................................................... 27
5.3.2 Local cooperation partners ............................................................................................ 28
5.3.3 Relationship with Other Relevant Initiatives ................................................................ 28
Main beneficiaries and target groups .......................................................................................... 29
Sustainability and exit strategy .................................................................................................... 30
5.5.1 Technical, administrative and financial sustainability ................................................ 30
5.5.2 Exit strategy ..................................................................................................................... 30
6
6.1
6.2
BUDGET ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Project budget ............................................................................................................................. 31
Other donors’ contribution to the Project ..................................................................................... 31
7
7.1
7.2
ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS ..................................................................................................... 31
Assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 31
Risks ............................................................................................................................................ 31
8
MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................................................................................ 32
8.1 Monitoring and indicators ............................................................................................................ 32
8.2 Reviews and evaluations ............................................................................................................. 32
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 33
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Analysis of key problems concerning the use of natural resources by local communities
within the BANP. .................................................................................................................... 14
Table 2 Stakeholder Analysis Matrix. .................................................................................................... 16
Table 3 Reporting schedule for the project. ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Problem tree showing the causes and effects of the key problem concerning
apparent declines in levels of certain marine and terrestrial resources. ................................ 13
Figure 2 Project organizational chart. ................................................................................................ 41
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Maps showing the project area
Logical Framework Analysis (as separate document)
Activity Schedule
ABBREVIATIONS
BANP
CBNRM
CBO
533577075_main text
Bazaruto Archipelago National Park
Community Based Natural Resource Management
Community Based Organisation
2007-10-01
Page 6
WWF
CCMP
DINAT
DNAC
DNFFB
EAME
EU
EWT
FNP
FUTUR
IBA
IUCN
KK
LIFE
MCO
MDG
MICOA
MITUR
MOMS
MOU
MRUP
NEAP
NEMP
NGO
NO
NOK
NEPAD
NORAD
NRM
OECD/DAC
PARPA
PIU
PRSP
SARPO
TDP
TEDs
TY
UNCBD
UNEP
UNESCO
USD
WWF
533577075_main text
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Conservation and Collaborative Management Programme
National Directorate for Land
National Directorate for Conservation Areas
National Directorate for Forestry and Wildlife
East African Marine Eco-region
European Union
Endangered Wildlife Trust
Forum Natureza em Perigo
National Fund for Tourism
Important Bird Area
The World Conservation Union
Kanhi Kwedho (Benguerua community association)
Living In A Finite Environment
Mozambique Coordination Office
Millennium Development Goal
Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs
Ministry of Tourism
Management Oriented Monitoring System
Memorandum of Understanding
Multiple Resource Use Project
National Environmental Action Plan
National Environment Management plan
Non Government Organization
National Office
Norwegian Kroner
New Partnership for Africa’s Development
Norwegian Development Aid Agency
Natural Resource Management
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/ Development
Assistance Committee
Absolute Poverty Reduction Plan (the PRSP of Mozambique)
Project Implementation Unit
Poverty Reducing Strategy Paper
Southern Africa Regional Programme Office
Target Driven Programme
Turtle Excluding Devises
Thomba Yedhu (Bazaruto community association)
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
United States Dollar
World Wide Fund for Nature
2007-10-01
Page 7
WWF
533577075_main text
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
2007-10-01
Page 8
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1
The Bazaruto Archipelago National Park
The Bazaruto Archipelago National Park (BANP) is one of only two marine national parks along
the extensive Mozambique coastline. Within its limited area the Park supports a great variety of
marine and terrestrial ecosystems plus a number of species of special conservation interest,
including coral reefs, the largest remaining dugong population in the Western Indian Ocean and
five species of marine turtles.
Unlike most national parks the BANP also supports a resident population of about 3,500
inhabitants, most of whom are extremely poor and strongly dependent on the use of natural
resources to meet their livelihood requirements. However, this use by local communities is
resulting in detrimental impacts to certain resources. In order for the BANP to meet its
conservation objectives it is necessary to improve the management of natural resources by local
communities, which in turn requires that local communities are able to achieve improved incomes
and standards of living.
1.1.1
Location and physiography
The Bazaruto Archipelago consists of the five Indian Ocean islands: Bazaruto, Santa Carolina,
Benguerrua, and Bangue, which are situated between the latitudes of 21°30'-22°10'S and 35°22'35°30'E, and have a combined land area of 156 km2 (Appendix 1). The islands are oriented
approximately north–south between 30-35 km offshore from the Mozambican coastline, and are
probably sections of a former sandy peninsula connected to the mainland. Administratively, the
Archipelago falls within the Province of Inhambane, and is split between Vilanculos and Inhassoro
Districts
1.1.2
Natural resources and biodiversity values
The biology of the islands reflects their terrestrial origin, with their flora and fauna being closely
related to the nearby mainland. However, due to their relative isolation and geophysical factors,
the islands have a high conservation value. Within a relatively small area, the archipelago
supports a high diversity of marine and terrestrial ecosystems including coral reefs, seagrass
beds, extensive tidal flats, mangrove communities, salt marshes, sandy and rocky beaches, sand
dunes, coastal thicket, swamp forest, evergreen forest, savanna woodland, grassland, and
freshwater lakes. Relict mainland faunas remain, including Samango monkey (Cercopithecus
mitis), Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in the freshwater lakes on Bazaruto and Benguerua,
and antelope species such as Red Duiker (Cephalophus natalensis). The islands support six
endemic species of gastropod (including Conus pennaceus bazarutensis, Epitonium pteroen and
E. repandior), and two endemic species (Scelotes duttoni and Lygosoma lanceolatum) and three
endemic subspecies of lizard.
The islands are included in the proposed inventory of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) for
Mozambique, due to regionally and internationally significant aggregations of wintering
Palaearctic shorebirds. The extensive sea grass beds in the warm shallow waters between the
Archipelago and the mainland support the most important population of dugongs (Dugong
dugong) in the western Indian Ocean, and cetaceans such as Spinner, Bottlenose, Common and
Humpback dolphins, and Right and Minke whales occur. Of the five marine turtle species
(Leatherback, Loggerhead, Green, Hawksbill and Ridley) occurring around the islands, four are
confirmed nesting on them. Very rich hard and soft coral formations occur on beach rock
sandstones on the seaward sides of the islands, supporting diverse and important populations of
reef fish and other organisms, and pelagic fish are abundant in the clear waters. Over 2,000
tropical fish species have been recorded.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 9
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
1.1.3
Conservation Areas
The islands of Benguerrua, and Bangue, together with a contiguous sea area extending five
kilometres to the west and to the 100 m line of bathymetry to the east, were declared as the
Bazaruto National Park in 1971. Santa Carolina and Bazaruto were at the same time proclaimed
as Surveillance Zones. In November 2001 the Council of Ministers of Mozambique declared all
five islands plus five nautical miles surrounding them as the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park
(BANP). With the extension of the boundaries of the Park, its area increased from 600 km 2 to
about 1,430 km2.
This resulted in the recognition of the BANP as a Gift to the Earth from the Mozambican
government in 2002. This is a public celebration by WWF International of a conservation action by
a government, a company, an organization, or an individual, which is both a demonstration of
environmental leadership and a globally significant contribution to the protection of the living
world.
Towards the end of year 2000 the BANP was listed as a potential site for nomination as an
UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. The justification for its nomination was largely based on
the archipelago’s remarkable biodiversity, conservation importance, pristine condition, and scenic
beauty.
1.1.4
Socio-economic Issues
An area with 3,500 inhabitants, most of them very poor and dependent on natural resources,
living within a national park with certain restrictions on the use of some species and habitats, and
where high quality tourism resorts are based, provides an interesting case for socio-economic
development.
Most islanders living within the Bazaruto Archipelago are heavily dependent upon natural
resources. In terms of marine resources, sources of income and subsistence predominantly come
from net and line fishing, and the collection of sand oysters (mapalo), and less so from crab and
lobster collection. These resources are used for family consumption as well as being sold within
villages, to island hotels, and to the mainland. In terms of terrestrial resources, palm leaves are
used for making mats and baskets (made by both men and women), hotel furnishings and for
thatching traditional and modern housing on the islands. Earnings from these activities are
relatively limited. Palms are also used to make traditional wine, uchema, the making and selling of
which is a sole livelihood for some people. Wood is used as household fuel and also by a few
young men who run a small business, in Machulane, to produce craft items for sale to tourists.
Women practice small-scale agriculture, but due to nutrient poor soils yields are low, and in
recent years cropping has been discouraged by the Park Administration. The crops grown, such
as sweet potato and cassava, are used almost entirely for family consumption, such that many
women have become solely dependent on mapalo collection to generate any cash for the
purchase of staples such as maize meal. Women are now starting to take an active part in fishing
activities, and this might constitute a significant change in terms of gendered activities, as has
already been noted for the advent of men harvesting mapalo, traditionally a women’s sphere of
work.
Other livelihood strategies, which are not directly dependent on natural resources, are the lending
of boats for transport, fishing and tourist trips, small-scale shop keeping, and informal trading of
basic necessities from the mainland such as maize meal and rice, and other goods like beer. A
limited number of islanders are employed by the Park and by hotels (roughly 100 people in April
2005), of which only a small fraction are women. It is worth noting that such jobs might provide a
suitable platform for islanders to create new opportunities for themselves.
1.1.5
Cultural Issues
Four of the five islands of the archipelago are inhabited (other than the smallest island of
Bangue). The resident population comprises about 3,500 people who are settled in seven
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 10
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
community zones, namely: Sitone, Zenguelemo and Pangaia on Bazaruto, Chizungune, Bavene
and Cheringoma on Benguerrua, plus a small population on Magaruque. Most residents comprise
a distinct subgroup of the mainland Tsonga tribe, and speak a distinct dialect of the local Xitsonga
language (Chitswa). This suggests a relatively long period of occupation of the islands, which,
together with ongoing archaeological research, is consistent with oral traditions. The project will
play an important role in empowering these communities and thus supporting their efforts to retain
their language, culture and influence within the Bazaruto Archipelago. Most residents also speak
the mainland language Xitswa, whilst a few also speak Portuguese or English. There are about
450 additional people who are employed in tourism businesses based on the islands, but who
come from outside and are not considered to be permanent residents of the archipelago.
1.1.6
Institutional and legal framework issues
The Ministry of Agriculture, through National Directorate of Forestry and Wildlife (DNFFB) was
previously responsible for conservation areas. In 2001, as part of the ongoing reforms, control
was transferred to the Ministry of Tourism and the newly created Directorate for Conservation
Areas (DNAC). However, unlike the Ministry of Agriculture, MITUR is poorly represented, has
limited resources, or is non-existent at the province and district levels. In particular, MITUR is still
in the process of developing and implementing funding mechanisms for protected areas. In the
case of Bazaruto, since April 2006, DNAC is being supporting a Park Administrator, and the Park
Rangers, with a limited operational and investment budget basic administration of the park and
some investments are being achieved through donor support, particularly from WWF Switzerland,
currently in the form of its Bazaruto Archipelago Conservation Project (BACP).
The above governance and natural resource reforms have opened space for the involvement of
other stakeholders in the management of and the use and benefit from natural resources,
including within conservation areas that were previously exclusive to government Bazaruto has
been one of a number of pioneering initiatives in which NGOs, communities and the private sector
have come to be viewed as important partners in the management of natural resources and
promotion of rural development Within this arena there is ongoing debate on the legislative
context and aspects of proprietorship and benefit sharing of natural resources, which have yet to
be clarified at the national level.
1.2
Threats, problems and opportunities
The human population of the Bazaruto Archipelago is heavily dependent upon the natural
resources of the area. There are concerns about the long-term sustainability of current levels of
use of natural resources, as well as impacts to ecological integrity (Figure 1 and Table 1). The
key areas of concern are the harvesting of marine resources by artisan and industrial fishing,
shifting slash and burn agriculture, and the harvesting or mortality of marine species of special
conservation interest, particularly dugongs and sea turtles.
1.2.1





Specific threats to the biological integrity of the islands include:
An endangered, small and possibly decreasing dugong population (primarily as a
result of high mortality in gill nets set for sharks),
Potential over-harvesting of marine and coastal resources such as fish, sand oysters,
sea cucumbers (holothurians), lobsters and crabs, both by local artisan fishing and
illegal international fishing vessels (trawlers and long liners, mainly from Asia),
The combined effects of slash and burn agriculture, fire and overgrazing by small
livestock on terrestrial communities,
The impact of increasing levels of tourism development, and
The impact of population growth and socio-economic development of local
communities.
These impacts have long been recognised, and Park and other project interventions have
enabled partial mitigation for most of these factors. The project is expected to make a direct
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 11
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
contribution in this respect through aspects such as improving the capacity of local communities
to manage the resources that they are using; developing alternative livelihoods; addressing the
lack of education and literacy skills; and ensuring the efficient flow of revenues from tourist
operators to local communities.
1.2.2
Potentially unsustainable development of the tourism industry in BANP:
Potentially unsustainable tourism development is another key threat to the resource base of the
BANP. Compliance with the government’s management plan for BANP is key in this respect as is
to ensure that the current revision of the plan (to be finalised in 2007) is done in a sound manner.
The revised management plan is per September 2007 being processed in the Ministry of Tourism
(MITUR). The new management plan must deliver a suitable mechanism to control future
developments, such that these are limited to the capacity of the system to support such activities
on a sustainable basis.
In early 2005, both WWF-Switzerland and WWF-Norway made it clear that in order for them to
continue their support they required an unambiguous commitment from central Government to adhere
to and uphold the national park management plan. Specifically they requested Government not to
authorize any new development activities until such time as the new management plan is in place.
Strong effort were subsequently put into lobbying central Government to give the necessary
assurances that the donors were seeking, and to carry out revision of the management plan in a
comprehensive and responsible manner. WWF SARPO, WWF MCO, WWF-International and the local
NGO partner FNP made many efforts in 2004 and 2005 in addressing the main issue of uncontrolled
tourism development and lobbying central Government in Mozambique in that respect. High-level
meetings have taken place between WWF and the Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Tourism, the
Ministers of both Tourism (MITUR, who have authority over National Parks) and Environmental
Coordination (MICOA), as well as the CEO's of the major hotel developers in BANP.
In early 2006 the government agreed to undertake a thorough and transparent revision of the BANP
Management Plan and prepare a Business Plan for the Park. The Terms of Reference for the revision
and the short-list of consulting firms to work on the revision were agreed upon during the first semester
of 2006. In this context, it has to be noted that WWF Netherlands has agreed to provide funding for the
revision process.
As MITUR wanted the proponents for the consultancy to submit proposals in Portuguese, only four
companies accepted the invitation for tender and only one actually did send the technical and financial
proposals. After long discussions, it was agreed that the tender should be cancelled. WWF has then
proposed to MITUR that both institutions suggest members of a consultant team and an agreement
could be reached about the team composition and a Team Leader. The Team started working in
August 2006 and the review was finalized in May 2007. The revised management plan is per
September 2007 being processed in the Ministry of Tourism (MITUR).
WWF was a member of a Supervision Commission (which also included the Ministries of Environment,
Tourism, Fisheries, Planning and Development and IUCN), which will oversee the revision process.
The Mozambican government (through MITUR) had planned for the revised management plan to be
ready by end of 2006; however, the period had to be extended into the year 2007 as it included a
participatory process of discussion with all affected and interested parties.
The finalized revised management plan will influence the context in which this project takes place, and
WWF MCO continues to monitor and assess the latest developments in the process.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 12
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Figure 1 Problem tree showing the causes and effects of the key problem concerning
apparent declines in levels of certain marine and terrestrial resources.
Increased poverty
Increased hunger
Cycle of further
declines in
resources
Reduced income
from tourism
Reduced
household
incomes
Reduced food
security
Increasing pressure
on remaining
resources
Loss of
biodiversity
Increased
conflict with tour
operators
Weak
community
organizations
and limited
management
experience
Poor soil fertility
Effects
Declining marine
and terrestrial
resources
Key problem
Unsustainable
levels of use by
local communities
of fish, mapalo, reef
and terrestrial
resources
Causes
Poverty
Limited alternative
livelihoods results
in high
dependence on
natural resources
Improved
technologies for
harvesting (boats,
nets etc)
Population
pressure
Inherent
characteristic of
sandy soils
Limited job
opportunities in
hotels
Limited work
experience
Limited of skills,
including literacy
Limited access to
education
Communities do
not value
education highly
533577075_main text
Hotels favour
outsiders
2007-10-01
Page 13
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Table 1: Analysis of key problems concerning the use of natural resources by local communities within the BANP
Causes of the key problems
Scale of pressures
Underlying causes
Possible responses by the Project
Key Problem 1: Declining marine resources
Unsustainable use by local
communities
Significant for fish and mapalo (sand Population pressure
oysters)
Poverty and hunger
Concerns for reef organisms
Limited alternative livelihoods
Limited literacy and skills
Limited jobs in hotels
Improved technologies for harvesting
Weak community organizations and controls
Promote alternative livelihoods
Establish and strengthen community
organizations
Support resource management by
communities
Implement education and adult literacy
programmes
Promote employment within hotels
Ensure efficient system for transfer of
revenues from hotels to communities
Key problem 2: Declining terrestrial resources
Clearing for agriculture
Proportional to population pressure
Most significant for Benguerrua, but
also widespread on Bazaruto and
Magaruque
Limited alternative food sources
Low yields
Poor soil fertility
Promote alternative livelihood options
Develop conservation agriculture
techniques
High frequency of fire
Significant issue for all settled
islands
Burning during clearing fields
Burning to establish pastures
Raise awareness within communities
Support enforcement activities
Grazing by goats and sheep
Build up of livestock
Alternative source of income and protein
Land use planning to establish grazing
areas and limits to livestock numbers
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 14
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
1.3
Stakeholders
The four principal groups of stakeholders are local communities, government agencies, tourism
operators and NGOs. An analysis of the use of natural resources, responsibilities, specific interests
and knowledge and skills of these different stakeholders is provided in Table 2.
1.3.1
Local Communities
The archipelago population comprises about 3,500 people living in seven main communities: Sitone,
Zenguelemo and Pangaia on Bazaruto Island, Chizungune, Bavene, Cheringoma on Benguerrua
Island, and the Magaruque community on Magaruque Island. There are a few additional people
living on Santa Carolina, whilst the smallest island Bangue is not populated. Mainland communities,
particularly fishermen, also have a stake in the Park.
The local communities will comprise the main target group for the project, which will work with them
in order to assist them with the development of appropriate natural resource management
institutions and practices that will enable them to manage and benefit from their natural resources in
a sustainable manner.
1.3.2
Government Agencies
The project is implemented in close partnership with the Park Administration, which is based at
Sitone on Bazaruto Island and is headed by the Park Administrator. The Park Administrator is
appointed by DNAC, which falls under the Ministry of Tourism (MITUR).
Other government stakeholders include the District Administrations of Vilanculos and Inhassoro
Districts; the Inhambane Provincial Government; District Departments of Health and Education; the
Institute for Development of Small Scale Fisheries and the Institute of Fisheries Research; plus the
Maritime Authority, the Navy and the Police.
1.3.3
Tourism Operators
The first tourist-oriented ventures were established in the Archipelago during the 1950s. A total of
seven hotel operations are now established on the islands: two on Bazaruto (Bazaruto Lodge and
Indigo Bay), three on Benguerrua (Benguerrua Lodge, Marlin Lodge and Gabriels Lodge), Hotel
Santa Carolina on Santa Carolina (closed), and Magaruque Hotel on Magaruque Island (under
rehabilitation). There are also several small activity based tourist businesses that operate in
conjunction with the hotels. There have been numerous proposals for further major tourist
developments on the islands, and this matter is currently being discussed with MITUR.
Tourism operators have an important role to play in terms of provision of employment opportunities
for and in the transfer of a share of tourism revenues to local communities, thus providing alternative
livelihoods and reducing the reliance on use of natural resources to satisfy basic needs. On the other
hand maintenance of the natural resource base is a prerequisite if tourism operations are to be
sustained.
1.3.4
Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs)
The key NGO partners are WWF Norway, WWF SARPO, WWF MCO and FNP, although
participation by other NGOs, such as CARE, who can bring additional skills or resources to the
project will be welcomed In addition to financial resources, the NGO partnership brings with it
essential skills and experience in terms of working with communities in the implementation of
community based natural resource management (CBNRM) projects of this nature.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 15
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Table 2: Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
Stakeholder Groups
Description of the "stake"
Potential role in the Project
Who make use or benefits from the Natural Resources of the BANP?
1) Local communities
Livelihoods are directly dependent on use of natural
resources, both for food and for generation of cash
incomes
Direct beneficiaries of the project, which aims to increase their capacity to
manage and benefit from natural resources in a sustainable way, as well as
to promote alternative livelihood options and ensure an efficient mechanism
for the transfer of tourism revenues to local communities.
2) Government agencies
A portion of tourism revenues is received by the state,
and is used to support management of the Park.
Park Administrator is a key member of the project implementation unit
3) Tourism operators
Existing tourism operations are directly based on the
natural resources of the BANP (non-consumptive use)
A portion of tourism revenues is shared with local
communities and the state.
Tourism revenues are an important source of income to local communities,
and through provision of employment opportunities tourism can play an
important role towards providing alternative livelihood options not based on
consumptive use of natural resources
4) NGOs
WWF and other NGOs make use of and benefit from
the natural resources in the Park.
There is an existing and well-established arrangement whereby project
implementation is carried out by FNP under the direction of WWF MCO,
WWF SARPO and WWF Norway, all of whom have considerable
experience in implementing such CBNRM projects both in Mozambique
and elsewhere.
Who are responsible for the Natural Resources of the BANP?
1) Local communities
Local communities have the right to live within the
BANP and thus assume a direct responsibility in terms
of management of natural resources that they are
using.
Project will seek to directly build the capacity of local communities to
monitor and manage the natural resources that they are using.
2) Government agencies
DNAC is directly responsible for management of
conservation areas, which for the BANP is exercised
through the Park Administration.
Park Administration will work with local communities to integrate and
develop joint monitoring efforts.
3) Tourism operators
Tourism operators have specific responsibilities
concerning management of individual lease areas, as
well as management of Park resources that they are
using, such as the coral reefs.
Tourism operators can contribute in the form of sustainable management of
natural resources, as required by the management plan and through
seeking to increase the level of revenues and their efficient transfer to local
communities.
Who has specific interests in the key problems (unsustainable use of natural resources by local communities)?
1) Local communities
533577075_main text
Communities have a direct interest in that their
livelihoods are strongly dependent on use of natural
Project will contribute to sustainable management of natural resources by
local communities.
2007-10-01
Page 16
WWF
Stakeholder Groups
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Description of the "stake"
Potential role in the Project
resources
2) Government agencies
DNAC and Park Administration have a clear mandate
to conserve the natural resources and ecosystems of
the BANP.
Park Administration is responsible for enforcement activities, including use
of natural resources by local communities.
3) Tourism operators
Tourism within the BANP requires the maintenance of
natural resources, which provide the attraction for
visitors to the Park.
Tourism operators through sharing of revenues and provision of
employment opportunities will make a direct contribution to community
livelihoods and thus decreased dependence on the use of natural
resources by local communities.
4) NGOs
Sustainable management of the natural resources of
the BANP contributes directly to national, regional and
global conservation objectives of NGO partners.
NGOs will oversee implementation of the project, which aims to improve
management of natural resources by local communities and to decrease
dependence of communities on natural resources.
Who has most knowledge or are most capable of dealing with the key problems?
1) Local communities
Communities have detailed local knowledge as to the
occurrence of natural resources, but have limited
capability to implement collective management
activities.
Project will seek to build capacity of communities to manage the natural
resources that they are using through supporting community organizations
and training communities to monitor resources and make decisions towards
management of natural resources.
2) Government agencies
Government agencies have limited technical skills and
limited resources to devote to management of natural
resources.
Park will feed back monitoring results to local communities, contribute to
development of sustainable management practices and carry out
awareness and enforcement activities in order to decrease destructive uses
of natural resources.
3) Tourism operators
Tourism operators have access to resources but have
limited skills in terms of working together with Park
administration and local communities to develop joint
management interventions.
Principal role of tourism operators is to make use of their skills and abilities
in terms of developing tourism operations, and thus contributing towards
alternative livelihood options for local communities and thus decreased
pressure on natural resources.
4) NGOs
NGOs can provide essential technical skills to gather
information on natural resources and have good
experience of working with communities to develop
sustainable management practices.
NGO partners bring considerable knowledge, experience and capabilities
that are essential to the smooth implementation of the proposed project.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 17
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
1.4
Contribution to the implementation of national plans
1.4.1 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)
The Government of Mozambique has developed two key strategies designed to lead to the
development of the country. These are the Five Year Development Programme (2005 – 2009)
and the Absolute Poverty Reduction Plan (PARPA). Available statistics show that the
Mozambican economy has grown at an average rate of almost 9 percent per annum over the last
4 years. However, the benefits of economic growth are not well distributed and have been
concentrated in the south of the country in and around Maputo.
Consequently, in much of Mozambique, poverty levels have not been significantly reduced since
the end of the civil war. Due to a largely subsistence agricultural economy, rural Mozambicans
are highly dependent on climatic conditions and remain a highly vulnerable group. This
vulnerability has recently been exposed by the 2001/02 drought that affected large parts of
southern Africa and also two serious floods. Under these conditions the management and use of
natural resources becomes critical to the survival of rural households.
PARPA establishes the basis for the sustainable use of natural resources not only in respect of
reducing current levels of extreme poverty but also caring for the next generations. Mozambique
is one of the few countries where environment is highly regarded in its PRSP. Consequently, the
Bazaruto CBNRM project with its core focus on empowering local communities to manage and
benefit from NRM is strongly embedded in the country’s PRSP and is underpinned by the
OECD/DAC strategy on poverty reduction. An ongoing process of decentralisation will ultimately
empower districts administrations and communities to manage their natural resources.
1.4.2
Environmental plans and strategies
The National Environment Management Plan (NEMP) was approved shortly after the creation of
the Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) in 1996. The National
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan were approved in June 2003. Both documents highlight the
importance of communities to the sustainable management of biodiversity and the environment.
1.4.3
Other national, sectoral, regional and local development plans
 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
The Plan of Implementation from the WSSD highlights the significant reduction of biodiversity and
deforestation, and with regard to Africa has a particular reference to capacity building and
sustainable forest management, with particular emphasis on community based natural resource
management. The Bazaruto CBNRM project also fits well with the follow up by the Norwegian
Government to the WSSD, in which emphasis is given to tropical forests, freshwater
management, and biodiversity and ecosystem based management.
 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Achieving poverty reduction through CBNRM is a core concern of the project and, as such, the
project will make a small but significant contribution to the fulfilment of halving the number of
people living in extreme poverty by 2015, this being the core objective of the MDGs.
 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) is a pledge by African leaders, based on
a common vision and a firm and shared conviction, that they have a pressing duty to eradicate
poverty and to place their countries on a path of sustainable growth and development.
One of the ten priority sectors identified for urgent action under NEPAD is the Environment
Initiative. The introduction to NEPAD's Action Programme notes that poverty reduction depends
on health and good stewardship of the environment. One of NEPAD's goals, “to implement
national strategies for sustainable development by 2005 so as to reverse the loss of
environmental resources by 2015” gives credence to this initiative. Under the sectoral priority on
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 19
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
the Environment Initiative, NEPAD targets the following eight sub-themes as priority interventions:
combating desertification, wetland conservation, invasive alien species, coastal management,
global warming, cross-border conservation areas, environmental governance, and financing.
Details of the various work programmes under NEPAD are still under development. WWF has,
together with UNEP, IUCN and the World Bank been invited to develop NEPAD’s environmental
component further. WWF is therefore in a good position to link the further development of NEPAD
with this project, which in turn forms part of a regional programme for NRM in Southern and
Eastern Africa.
1.5
Global thematic programme, eco-regional targets or global policy
initiatives
The Norwegian development cooperation policy from 2003-2004 highlights environment and
natural resource management as a main element in development cooperation. In June 2006 the
Norwegian Government launched an action plan to ensure a more systematic implementation of
environmental efforts in development cooperation, with sustainable management of biological
biodiversity and natural resources being one of four thematic priority areas. The Project seeks to
directly support and improve the sustainable management of biological biodiversity and natural
resources by local communities within the BANP. The Project thus contributes directly to this
clear priority.
Good governance is another main element in Norwegian development cooperation. Management
of natural resources contains very important governance issues. Poor governance is frequently
an important cause of environmental destruction and may also stop local communities from
benefiting from the natural resource base as the resources themselves or income from the use of
these resources are taken away from local communities. WWF works to improve governance and
transparency through bringing the management responsibility closer to local communities. The
project seeks to establish local community based organizations for the management of natural
resources that are representative of and accountable to their constituent members. This is in line
with the devolution of governance to the lowest possible level including rights to use and benefit
from land and natural resources.
Strengthening civil society is an important tool for an NGO like WWF and an integral part of the
Bazaruto Project. This involves awareness raising and capacity building within a range of skills. In
order for local communities to take a more active role in management of their own natural
resource base the Project assists local communities in organising themselves, strengthen existing
institutions and facilitate the establishment of new ones as well as helping local communities
formulating their wishes and demands. Developing the capacity of communities to generate their
own solutions to local development problems and further developing the existing partnerships
between communities, the state, private sector and NGOs, contributes towards the development
of a model that is directly applicable to other conservation areas elsewhere in Mozambique.
In Mozambique, Norway’s development assistance is directed at poverty reduction through
strengthening capacity to safeguard economic and environmental interests; the promotion of good
governance; gender equity; sustainable NRM; private sector development, and institutional
building within civil society. Marine and coastal resource management within small-scale fisheries
is a priority area within the natural resource sector in Norwegian development collaboration with
Mozambique and an area where Norway has particular competence.
1.5.1
Global Priorities
The regional conservation program of WWF-SARPO forms a sub-component and contributes to
WWF’s overall global conservation programme. Implementation of the regional programme is
guided by a five-year conservation plan (2000–2005), which focuses on four biomes namely,
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 20
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
forests, freshwater, coastal marine and arid zones. The conservation programme is aligned with
both eco-region conservation and target driven programmes (TDPs).
The conservation programme is characterized by its species work, and a whole gamut of
subprojects under a CBNRM Programme, of which the LIFE (Living in a Finite Environment)
project in Namibia remains the largest. In recent years it has built a portfolio of projects on marine
conservation based on Bazaruto and Quirimbas National Parks in Mozambique. The Miombo
Ecoregion Conservation Project is now also substantively underway.
1.5.2
Regional Priorities
East African Marine Eco-region (EAME) - For the East African Marine Eco-region, SARPO’s
focus is within Mozambique. Following the official extension of the BANP and the proclamation of
a new terrestrial and marine park in the Quirimbas Archipelago, efforts have been made to source
funds to implement practical conservation work. Work is underway with turtle monitoring, and the
application of Turtle Exclusion Devices (TEDs) has now been formally adopted and legislated for
by the Government of Mozambique. The establishment of two marine national parks, with a third
candidate likely, reflects significant progress in marine protected area coverage, not only for
Mozambique but for the eco-region as a whole. It is expected that the EAME Programme will
chose more areas of biological importance (seascapes) in Mozambique, in which it will assume
long-term responsibility.
1.5.3
Target Driven Programmes (TDPs)
Oceans and Coasts - The establishment of a second marine protected area in northern
Mozambique (“Primeiras and Segundas” archipelago area) is being discussed with the relevant
authorities. The continuing support to the marine parks of Quirimbas and Bazaruto will ultimately
improve the management of fisheries and protection of species in these areas. Importantly, the
inception of this community conservation project on Bazaruto will facilitate greater integration of
conservation, development and tourism on the Archipelago.
Strong lobbying contributed to the introduction of Turtles Excluder Devices (TEDs) into
Mozambique legislation and tackling the issue of illegal fishing and associated killing of turtles in
Mozambican territorial waters. Proposals to monitor dugongs and develop management plans are
also being discussed with and by WWF.
2 PROJECT ACHIEVEMENTS, LESSONS AND DEVIATIONS
Implementation of the second phase of the Bazaruto CBNRM project started in March 2006 under
a new three-year period (2006-2008).
2.1
Describe the extent to which the expected results have been achieved
during the last years
Due to the lack of bridging funds for the period between December 2005 and the final approval of
funds for the new project phase in February 2006, the project was closed for two months in
January and February in 2006. The previous project Executant left the project after the end of his
contract in December 2005 and the project advertised after a new Executant as soon as funding
was secured. Finding people with the necessary skills and technical competence, who are also
willing to living in remote areas, is difficult in Mozambique. During the recruiting process the
partners FNP and BANP implemented some necessary activities, such as collaboration with
communities and continuation of previous activities in the field. New developmental activities for
the improvement of the community’s livelihoods through training for the provision of new skills
have been carried during the current phase.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 21
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
The new Project Executant was in place in the field by early June 2006. Since then he has been
in the project site, the BANP and the main project stakeholders, participated in the preparation of
the revised 2006 work plan and budget and started implementing activities. The delay in
implementation did affect progress in 2006; and some activities were postponed to 2007, and
some progressed less than expected, but an estimated 80 per cent were undertaken as planned.
In the period 2005-2007 both WWF and FNP allocated much time and resources to the ongoing
process of the review of the BANP management plan, as described in section 1.8. This is not
directly linked to the implementation of the project but directly influences the implementation of
the Project. FNP and the WWF MCO Maputo offices invested an estimated three months of work
in this during 2006, and even more in 2007.
2.2
Describe internal or external factors that have particularly affected project
performance or the planning
See section above for an explanation on internal factors.
External factors include the revision of the BANP Management Plan and the preparation of a
Business Plan for the Park, which will be influencing the implementation of the project; see
section 1.8 and above.
2.3
Describe significant changes in geographical and thematic areas of
priorities or work in the project
There have been no significant changes in geographical and thematic areas of priorities in the
Project as such, but some Project staff has dedicated much time to the ongoing revision of the
BANP management plan during 2007, as described in section 2.1 above.
3 PROJECT GOAL AND PURPOSE
3.1
Project Goal
Local communities benefit from and contribute to the conservation of coastal and marine
biodiversity in the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, Mozambique
3.2
Project Purpose
Community-based organisations are actively participating in the protection, management
and sustainable use of the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park and its natural resources,
together with the management authority and private sector partners.
4 PROJECT OUTPUTS
The project has five outputs. See explanation for the rationale of each output in section 5.2.
4.1
Output 1 Community associations, representing the various interests of local
communities, established and operational
The project is developing and working with two types of community-based organizations:
associations and natural resource user groups. Community associations are legally
established bodies, whereas user groups are much less formal. The focus on Output 1 is on
the associations in particular.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 22
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
4.2
Output 2 New and improved skills provided to island residents, enabling the
adoption of alternative livelihood activities and reduce pressure on natural
resources within the Park
The focus of this Output is the provision of skills to enable the adoption of alternative livelihood
activities
4.3
Output 3
Improved capacity of communities to monitor, evaluate their use,
and make decisions towards the sustainable management of natural resources
The focus of Output 3 is on creating capacities among communities in order to actively
participate in the monitoring system of the park and take management decisions on the basis
of the monitoring results.
4.4
Output 4
Appropriate mechanisms for revenue sharing developed, enabling
the efficient transfer of monetary benefits to communities
Output 4 gives emphasis to the efficient transfer of monetary benefits to communities.
4.5
Output 5 System for the management and monitoring of the WWF Project
established and operational
This output is for the project to enhance efficiency; effectiveness and information flow between
project partners, on the basis of established detailed guidelines and routines.
5
5.1
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Overall approach / Implementation strategy
Given the generally positive assessment during the recent review process (Cunliffe, 2005), the
project will maintain its existing approach and implementation strategy. Broadly this entails the
further development of local community institutions; the identification and development of
alternative livelihood options; increased involvement and capacity of local communities in natural
resource monitoring and management; and continuing to develop and improve the mechanisms
for transferring tourism revenues to communities.
5.2
Activities
Output 1 - Community associations representing the various interests of local communities
established and operational
Activity 1.1. Continue to implement the recommendations of the functional analysis of the
existing CBOs and adjust them to the reality observed on the ground for the improvement of
the end results – The study on the functionality of the existing associations was carried out in 2006
and finalized in the beginning of 2007. The recommendations from that study are being used to
improve the local by-laws (or regulations), which were developed in 2006. The study will continue to be
used a reference material up to the end of the project.
Activity 1.2. Disseminate and encourage the implementation of the developed internal
regulations (by-laws) for the local CBOs and adjust the by-laws to the reality observed on the
ground for the improvement of the end results – There have been lack of regulations (besides their
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 23
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
own constitutions, which are poorly used) to guide the associations on daily basis. So there is need to
encourage them to use the regulations developed by the project even if the project phases out
.
Activity 1.3. Assist technically the new Association of Fishermen in the Archipelago to build up
a functional social structure and continue the dialogue with the fisheries institutions and
association members in order to strengthen the associations – The establishment of the
Archipelago Fishermen Association will be finalized in 2007. The main idea is assist this new
association to start operating.
Activity 1.4 Assist the local CBOs (associations) in the development of their annual work plan
and budget and train continuously the local Associations’ Committee Members (CBOs) to
strengthen their leadership abilities - The associations still need continuous support for the
preparation of their annual work plans and budgets which will be prepared in January 2008.
Activity 1.5. Carry out continuous awareness campaigns to support the implementation of the
community based natural resource management approach - There is still a considerable need
to raise awareness and understanding amongst the local communities regarding sustainable
natural resource use and the role of community organizations in this process.
Activity 1.6. Carry out exchange visits to similar projects for experience exchange by
community member representatives - Within the context of this activity, it is planned to make
visits of community member representatives to other well established community based
natural resource management projects in the region possible and ensure the exchange of
experiences.
Activity 1.7. Continue to train the Associations’ Committee members to strengthen their
leadership abilities - In addition to the gained experience during the visits planned under the
previous activity, the committee members will be trained in leadership skills depending on
their existing abilities and the results of the functional analysis.
Output 2 – New and improved skills provided to island residents, enabling the adoption of
alternative livelihood activities and reduce pressure on the natural resources within the Park
Activity 2.1. Take actions, according to the recommendations from the previous studies to
assist the trainees in beekeeping in the production, processing and marketing of honey and its
by-products (wax) - The purpose of this activity is to make effort for the accomplishment of this
important pilot project, which failed in the previous years, as one of the income generation activities
Activity 2.2 Discuss with the local associations to identify suitable and strategic places for the
marketing of the craftsmen produce – The craftsmen face difficulties in the marketing of their
produce, for sometimes are not allowed to be in the vicinities of the hotels to sell their artefacts to the
tourists. So there is a need organize them in strategic places for them to able to sell the artefacts.
Activity 2.3. Continue to assist the two cultural groups in production of
material/programs and carry out contacts with the local tourist centres
conditions for the presentation of cultural material to the tourists – Two
established in 2007. They had an assistance in the purchasing of uniform and
need to assist them for the marketing their cultural material.
marketable cultural
for the creation of
cultural groups were
drums, but there still
Activity 2.4. Follow up and give technical and moral support to the trainees in carpentry in
skills – This activity is meant to assist the trainees to use the skills from the training to generate
income for their own benefit.
Activity 2.5. Follow up and give technical and moral support to the trainees in masonry skills –
This activity is meant to assist the trainees to use the skills from the training to generate income for
their own benefit.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 24
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Activity 2.6. Follow up and give technical and moral support to the people trained as tourism
guides, assist the trainees to secure places from where they will carry out their activities and
develop a tourism circuit - This activity is meant to assist the trainees to use the skills from the
training to generate income for their own benefit.
Activity 2.7. Continue to technical support the community members involved in the sewing and
embroidery training, specially in the maintenance of the sewing machines - This activity is meant
to assist the trainees to use the skills from the training and to use wisely the sewing machines for them
to be of good utility in the generate income for their own benefit.
Activity 2.8. Continue to give technical assistance in crop production and assess the
usefulness of the planting material (pineapple) supplied by the project The soils in the
Archipelago a very poor, but planting material supplied to the community, with adequate technical
assistance, may yield very good results. Pineapple is a drought tolerant crop.
Activity 2.9. Carry out exchange visits to other communities implementing income generating
initiatives for experience exchange and training - The purpose of this activity is to give at least 15
community members the possibility to learn from other similar projects in the area/region during 1 to 2
visits to be carried out during the year 2008. The experiences and dissemination of lessons learned
will contribute to the identification of further income generating activities for park communities.
Activity 2.10 Contact Education Authorities to discuss the terms of collaboration between them
and the project for adult literacy education program – There is need to carry adult education
literacy program, but there should be agreement with education authorities to avoid conflicts.
Activity 2.11 Continue with scholarship program and select pupils to enter this program in 2008
The Project will assist in selection of students to be integrated into the formal education scholarship
programme for the school year 2008. The two selection criteria are academic skills and gender
balance. The formal education scholarship programme was started by the Project and has been
supported financially by it for a few years. The Project is now investing possibilities to initiate
collaboration with other donors to fund this activity.
Activity 2.12. Hold discussions with the local hotel operators to assess the possibilities for
training of some local residents in cutlery skills for future employment in those hotels - Several
meetings will be held with the hotel operators in the park in order to discuss the possibility to train
suitable community members in cutlery skills and to be employed by these hotels after training.
Output 3 – Improved capacity of communities to monitor, evaluate their use, and make
decisions towards the sustainable management of natural resources
Activity 3.1. Train continuously the teams involved in the Management Oriented Monitoring
System (MOMS) to enable them to collect monitoring data efficiently and with adequate quality
- The purpose of this activity is to train ten community members (especially from the resource user
groups) in 2008 in order to capacitate them for the participation in the data collection of the MOMS
system
Activity 3.2. Disseminate annually the research and monitoring results to communities - Within
the context of this activity the monitoring results of the year 2007 will be presented to the local
communities in each of the seven monitoring zones.
Activity 3.3. Develop continuously (each year) the illustrative graphic materials to facilitate the
understanding of the monitoring results - In order to facilitate the understanding of the monitoring
results and to influence the decisions taken by the communities on the basis of these monitoring data,
illustrative graphic materials will be produced for the presentation.
Activity 3.4. Assist continuously the target communities in the implementation of the
management of sustainable natural resources management actions - Especially resource user
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 25
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
groups will be continuously assisted in the development and implementation of adequate and specific
natural resource management actions und thus enhance the sustainable use of their resources.
Activity 3.5. Give continuous institutional support to the natural resources user groups through
technical assistance and development of annual work plan (work plans to be ready by April
each year) - The resource user groups will be continuously technically assisted, including in the
preparation of their annual work plans.
Activity 3.6. Involve Natural Resources User Groups representatives in the exchange visits to
other communities implementing income generation initiatives for experience exchange –
Natural resources user groups need to learn a lot from other communities the need and importance
sustainable use of natural resources.
Activity 3.7. Carry out continuously environmental awareness campaigns and as a way of
empowering the target communities and build up a sense of natural resources ownership in the
BANP - Environmental education aspects will be introduced into school curricula in the primary schools
in the park in collaboration with the district education authorities. In addition, an environmental
competition will be carried out jointly with the teachers who will promote the competition among school
children and ensure broad involvement. Equally, all meetings with the communities will be used to
transmit environmental and conservation messages also to the adult community members in order to
ensure that practices by certain community members that are contrary to conservation objectives are
minimized.
Output 4 – Appropriate mechanisms for revenue sharing developed, enabling the efficient
transfer of monetary benefits to communities
Activity 4.1. Carry out continuous programs to raise awareness among community members as
to how revenues are collected and shared, and how the portion coming to community are
managed and hold discussions with the target communities to apply the 20 per cent in the
building of social and developmental infra-structure that are beneficial to all Islanders even
those who can not participate physically in the project activities - The purpose of this activity is to
continue the support to the associations in order to improve the management of their financial
resources and to ensure that revenues are used more efficiently and in the interest of association
members.
Activity 4.2. Facilitate the process of discussions on possible collection and/or introduction of
new taxes in the BANP - Currently revenues generated are principally derived from entry fees;
however, national legislation foresees the collection of further taxes and fees on tourism activities
being carried out in the park. In order to introduce such taxes, an analysis of the current possibilities
has to be carried out. However, a successful implementation of a more comprehensive taxes collection
system depends on the close collaboration between the government, the park, tourism operators and
the communities, and continuous discussions with and among these stakeholders are necessary.
Activity 4.3. Intensify capacity building for the Finance Committee members of the local CBOs
(Associations) to enable wise management of community funds and Implement the
recommendations from the study of the functionality of the operating CBOs to improve the
distribution and wise use of the revenue from the 20 per cent from the Tourism Fund - The
recommendations of the functional analysis of the existing associations that was carried out in
2006/2007, will continue to be implemented what will lead to the more efficient use and more just
distribution of the revenues delivered to the communities .
Output 5 – Systems for the management and monitoring of the WWF Project established and
operational
Activity 5.1 Identify suitable indicators and develop monitoring system to track performance of
the project, in a format that is consistent with the MOMS and monitor continuously to assess
the progress of project implementation - A simple project monitoring strategy in a format that is
consistent with the MOMS will be developed by the project executant and implemented during the year
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 26
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
2007. This strategy will make a continues assessment of the project implementation possible, as well
as necessary project revisions
Activity 5.2. Provide logistical support - The project will provide some logistical support to the park,
complementing the support made available through the BAC Project and the government, which has
started to provide more funds for the functioning of the park. The support includes funds for office
consumables, fuel, communications and maintenance of equipment and transport means.
Activity 5.3. Hold bi-weekly operational meetings - 28 operational meetings are supposed to be
carried out in the park between the park administration and FNP, in order to ensure the smooth running
of the project.
Activity 5.4. Hold monthly Project Implementation Unit (PIU) meetings - The project
implementation unit which includes the Park Administrator, project executants and project staff and the
representatives of FNP and WWF will meet on a monthly basis and discuss the coordination of the
projects implementation and review the implementation of the project implementation.
Activity 5.5 Hold bi-monthly BANP Steering Committee Meetings - The BANP Steering Committee
will meet every two months over the project implementation period. This body includes representatives
of DNAC, the park, FNP and WWF MCO. The Steering Committee will be responsible for overseeing
the implementation of the project, making decisions on budget changes and activities, discussing policy
related issues and coordinating project activities with those of other institutions.
Activity 5.6. Carry out the half-yearly technical reviews - The Project Executant will prepare biannual Technical Progress reports and submit them to WWF according to the stipulated schedule and
formats
Activity 5.7. Carry out annual audit - FNP will be responsible for the delivery of quarterly financial
reports to WWF MCO. Project accounts will be subject to an annual audit, to be organized by WWF
MCO and SARPO.
Activity 5.8. Midterm project review - The timing for the mid-term review of the second project phase
(2006 – 2008) is still to be defined and an independent consultant with participation of WWF Norway,
WWF SARPO and WWF MCO will carry it out.
5.3
Project implementation arrangements
5.3.1
Project organisation
The project is implemented under the existing partnership arrangement between the state
(DNAC), the Park Administration, FNP and WWF (Figure 2). WWF Norway will have overall
administrative, financial and technical responsibility for the project, whilst day-to-day
implementation of the project is the responsibility of WWF SARPO through its national
coordination office in Maputo (WWF MCO). FNP has appointed a field supervisor who is
responsible for direct supervision of the project and in doing so works closely with the Park
Administrator and WWF MCO.
Ongoing monitoring of project implementation is done through regular operational meetings,
project implementation unit meetings and meetings of the BANP Steering Committee as well as
through reporting and reviews.
As WWF Norway has the contractual relationship with the Norwegian agency for development
cooperation, hence is ultimately responsible for the project’s deliveries, and as part of the contract
between WWF Norway and WWF SARPO, any significant changes in work plans and budgets will
be approved by WWF Norway and, if necessary, by Norad.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 27
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
5.3.2
Local cooperation partners
Operational meetings between FNP and the Park, including the Park Administrator and
Community Officer will be held every two weeks, in order to coordinate field activities with other
programmes being carried out in the Park. These will be complemented by monthly project
implementation unit meetings, which will include project heads from other projects, particularly the
BACP project, during which implementation of activities and budgets will be reviewed
The BANP Steering Committee is a group that has been established by MITUR for the purpose of
overseeing the implementation of projects within the BANP. In addition to MITUR and DNAC
representatives, including the Park Administrator, FNP, and WWF MCO. Additional members are
included by invitation as required. The Steering Committee meets every two months, and is
responsible for overseeing implementation of the project, making decisions on budget changes
and activities, discussing policy related issues and coordinating project activities with those of
other institutions.
5.3.3
Relationship with Other Relevant Initiatives
The project has areas of common interest or overlap with other projects being implemented within
the BANP, in particular the WWF-Switzerland supported BACP project. For example, BACP
(MRUP) has supported the introduction and development of the MOMS, and it is intended that all
monitoring activities carried out under the CBNRM project should be consistent with MOMS. The
partnership and organizational arrangements for BACP are much the same as for the CBNRM
project, and coordination of activities will be achieved at the level of the monthly project
implementation unit meetings and the bi-monthly Bazaruto Steering Committee meetings.
Some of the larger hotels within the Bazaruto Archipelago have developed their own community
development programmes, including components such as adult literacy courses and support for
health and educational facilities. The Community Officer of the BANP will be responsible for
liasing with the hotels in order to ensure coordination of activities at the field level.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 28
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
Figure 2: Project organizational chart.
Norwegian Agency for
Development Cooperation
(NORAD)
WWF-Norway
(Anne Martinussen)
MITUR
WWF SARPO
DNAC
WWF MCO
(Meneses Roberto –
Project Executant)
BANP
Park Administration
(Rafael Funzana)
5.4
WWF’s EAME
Programme
Community
Associations and
Natural Resource
User Groups
FNP
(António Reina)
Main beneficiaries and target groups
The primary intended beneficiaries of the project are the 3,500 residents of the Bazaruto
Archipelago, whom the project will assist in the development of appropriate natural resource
management institutions and practices that will enable them to manage and benefit from their
natural resources in a sustainable manner. Within these communities, the project aims at
targeting households in order to improve their cash and non-cash incomes
Sustainable management of natural resources by local communities will contribute towards the
improved conservation status of natural resources within the BANP. This will be of direct benefit
to both the Park and tourism operators, such that they will be secondary beneficiaries of the
project.
The project will also enhance the capacity and skills of FNP to implement and manage
conservation projects of this nature, and thus contribute to the development of civil society in
general, and the conservation sector in particular, within Mozambique.
Wider benefits will be achieved through developing appropriate structures and mechanisms for
the implementation of CBNRM projects and collaborative management programmes involving
local community, state, private sector and NGO participants, particularly mechanisms for the
sharing of revenues generated by private sector participants with local communities This
experience will be directly applicable to other community projects within protected areas
elsewhere in the country.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 29
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
5.5
Sustainability and exit strategy
5.5.1
Technical, administrative and financial sustainability
The project is process-oriented and not seen as delivering any specific product. As such, the
project should be viewed as a small part of a longer-term development process. Therefore, the
need for project continuation, and in what form, together with further financing can only be
evaluated towards the conclusion of the life of this phase of the project. By building institutional
capacity amongst local communities in the BANP and other structures such as the Park
management authority and private sector partners, it is intended that these will continue with
implementing the natural resource management and conservation programmes that will have
been developed by the project by the time it has come to an end. Appropriate participatory
technology development will have contributed to technical sustainability and the flow of benefits
from natural resource management will be contributing to financial sustainability. Within this
context the issue of sustainability needs to be addressed at three levels:
At the level of local institutions that are to be set up by the communities. Sustainability of project
activities can be guaranteed if the communities establish sound and effective institutions that can
continue to make management decisions in conjunction with the management authority and other
partners operating in BANP (Output 1). In order to make community based organisations
sustainable, medium-to-long term commitment is required from donors.
Macro-economic policies and conditions that are favourable to natural resource management and
conservation must remain in place and specific incentives must be put in place, that encourage
communities to continue regarding resources in the context of proprietorship (their "own"
resources). Without consistent policy support by government and sufficient incentives for
communities, sustainability will be questionable. Currently, it seems that there is a high likelihood
of generating sufficient revenues that will provide the necessary incentives to communities to
carry out sustainable natural resource management (Output 2).
Capacity building and revenue generation in the long term will enable the management authority
to consolidate and carry out essential operations in the BANP. If communities can operate
effectively and efficiently in the Park, maintaining zonation, adhering to agreed land use plans,
and enforcing regulations (Output 3), management authority law enforcement can concentrate on
external threats, such as foreign pirating vessels entering Mozambican waters. This will provide a
sustainable approach to optimal use of resources in the long run.
5.5.2
Exit strategy
WWF has been in Bazaruto Archipelago National Park for the last 15 years. Much has been done
and achieved, both successes and failures. Investment has been substantial from WWF and
funding agencies, and a lot is being invested during the period of the implementation of this
project. Investment in training, capacity building and education will be continued for the remainder
of this phase. All hotels in the Park now charge a levy to all visitors, a percentage of which is
channelled to community funds. Associations between hotel operators and communities are being
strengthened, which, in addition to capacity building, also helps in the management of community
funds. The Government has enacted legislation that should lead to the collection and distribution
of a greater variety and volume of taxes. By the end of this three year project phase (2008) it is
expected that WWF’s financial contribution will be downgraded to the lowest level, as the levy
system replaces the support currently given. Whether one more project phase is desirable before
one has reached the stage where the system is sustainable and self-sufficient, will need to be
evaluated throughout this project phase.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 30
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
6
BUDGET
6.1
Project budget
The table below shows the proposed total project budget for 2008, Norad’s direct project
contribution (100 per cent of project) and Norad’s administration grant (8 per cent of 100 per
cent of project budget). All figures are in NOK.
Year
WWF-Norway
matching funds
Norad direct
project funding
Norad adm. grant
(8 per cent)
Total budget
0
1,638,624
131,090
1,769,714
2008
Other donors’ contribution to the Project
6.2
7
ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS
7.1
Assumptions
The principal assumptions concerning conditions that are necessary for project success but which
are largely or completely beyond the control of the project management are stability in terms of:




Climate, particularly the absence of any severe cyclones and/or floods,
Politics and the macroeconomic environment,
Policy and legal framework, the absence of any major changes that might adversely
impact on the CBNRM approach being adopted here, and
Tourism, particularly the absence of any major disruptions to international and national
tourism sectors.
More detailed assumptions are presented in the Logical Framework Analysis (Appendix 2) in
relation to each output and activity.
7.2
Risks
Rather than being a new project, this proposal follows on from and continues with a similar
portfolio of outputs and activities as for the previous phase of the project (2003-2005). This
suggests a substantially lower degree of risk than might be anticipated for an entirely novel
project.
A central concern of donor organizations, including WWF-Norway, has been the apparent
authorization of additional tourism developments that are in direct contradiction to the existing
management plan. This remains a critical risk to the project, in that should these developments
continue it is possible that certain donors will suspend their support to the BANP.
The situation is further complicated in that the current management plan is only valid for the
period 2002-2006. All stakeholders recognised the need for the management plan to be revised
and MITUR initiated the process in early 2006. However, it is not yet clear what is likely to come
out of the revision, and it is possible that this might have strong consequences for the future
tourism development in the BANP and thus for implementation of the project.
WWF MCO and FNP are addressing these issues by being active participants in the ongoing
review process of the management plan, in terms of input and feedback to findings and reports;
see section 1.8 for further details.
A further risk is that the partnerships between state, private sector and local communities will
have to generate sufficient revenue from the Park so as to provide adequate benefits/incentives
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 31
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
WWF
to local communities as well as to enable effective conservation measures to be sustained
beyond the envisaged project period of three years. However, a new system for collection and
sharing of taxes on the basis of new legislation has been developed and is being implemented.
The second phase of the Project also places heavy emphasis of the development of new,
sustainable and alternative livelihood strategies which will provide income to communities.
The project also requires that the impact of human encroachment on biological diversity and
productivity should be minimised. If this aspect of risk can be contained, the project will be
successful. The likelihood of success in this is high, as long as continued community and political
support from state as well as provincial and district levels is forthcoming. The development of
alternative livelihood activities is one of the strategies that will be promoted in order to reduce
pressure on natural resources by local communities.
8
8.1
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and indicators
The principal mechanisms for monitoring implementation of the project will be:
 Bi-weekly operational meetings,
 Monthly project implementation unit meetings,
 Bi-monthly Steering Committee meetings,
 Quarterly financial reports,
 Six monthly technical reviews, and
 Annual audits.
The information required in order to track the progress of the project is identified in the Logical
Framework Analysis (Appendix 2). Objectively verifiable indicators are identified for all project
components (goal, purpose, outputs and activities), together with sources of verification for each
indicator.
8.2
Reviews and evaluations
The evaluation plan for the project comprises three elements:


Internal technical evaluations twice a year
An end of phase evaluation in late 2008.
The mid-term project review will be carried out according to the format stipulated by WWFNorway for the current project. This requires participation by project partners in the
review/evaluation process and consultations with key stakeholders. An independent consultant,
who will be responsible for overseeing the review/evaluation processes and producing reports,
will lead the review/evaluation team. The purpose of the review/evaluation will be to conduct open
and transparent reflection and analysis of the implementation of the project. The
review/evaluation processes should also contribute to learning and empowerment of the project
team by stimulating analytical capacity and critical awareness, and helping to improve planning
and implementation skills. Recommendations of the mid term review will be incorporated into the
following work plan. The Project is willing to incorporate any issues that Norad would like
examined and will invite Norad to be represented in the review and evaluation teams.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 32
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
REFERENCES
Cunliffe, R. (2005) Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, Mozambique: Mid-Term Internal Review
of Bazaruto Multiple Resource Use Project, 2001-2005 and Bazaruto CBNRM Project, 2003-2005
Consultant report prepared for WWF Mozambique Coordination Office, Maputo and WWF
SARPO, Harare 61 pp
Engdahl, S., Bjerner, Mand Enosse, C. (2001)Review of local community participation and the
economic contribution of the tourism industry: The case of Bazaruto archipelago, Mozambique
Consultant report for WWF and UNESCO34 pp.
Taylor, J. (2003). A Brief Social Overview of the Island Communities in Bazaruto Archipelago
National Park. Consultant report prepared for WWF Mozambique Coordination Office, Maputo29
pp.
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 33
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Appendix 1: Maps showing the project location/area
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 34
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Appendix 3: Activity Schedule
Outputs/Activities
J
F
M
A
M
J
Output 1 - Community associations representing the various interests of
local communities established and operational
1.1. Continue to implement the recommendations of the functional analysis of
the existing CBOs and adjust them to the reality observed on the ground for
the improvement of the end results
J
A
S
O
N
D
Responsibilit
y
FNP
PE/CO
PA
FNP
PE/CO
PA
FNP
PE/CO
PA
1.2. Disseminate and encourage the implementation of the developed internal
regulations (by-laws) for the local CBOs and adjust the by-laws to the reality
observed on the ground for the improvement of the end results
1.3. Assist technically the new Association of Fishermen in the Archipelago to
build up a functional social structure and continue the dialogue with the
fisheries institutions and association members in order to strengthen the
associations
1.4 Assist the local CBOs (associations) in the development of their annual
work plan and budget and train continuously the local Associations’
Committee Members (CBOs) to strengthen their leadership abilities
1.5. Carry out continuous awareness campaigns to support the implementation
of the community based natural resource management approach
–
–
–
PA – PE/CO
1.6. Carry out exchange visits to similar projects for experience exchange by
community member representatives
FNP
–
PE/CO
PA
DNAC – PA,
PE/CO, FNP
1.7. Continue to train the Associations’ Committee members to strengthen
their leadership abilities
FNP
PE/CO
–
FNP
PE/CO
–
FNP
PE/CO
FNP
PE/CO
–
Output 2 – New and improved skills provided to island residents,
enabling the adoption of alternative livelihood activities and reduce
pressure on the natural resources within the Park
2.1. Take actions, according to the recommendations from the previous
studies to assist the trainees in beekeeping in the production, processing and
marketing of honey and its by-products (wax)
2.2 Discuss with the local associations to identify suitable and strategic places
for the marketing of the craftsmen produce
2.3. Continue to assist the two cultural groups in production of marketable
cultural material/programs and carry out contacts with the local tourist centers
for the creation of conditions for the presentation of cultural material to the
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 35
–
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Outputs/Activities
J
F
M
A
M
J
tourists
2.4. Follow up and give technical and moral support to the trainees carpentry
in skills
2.5. Follow up and give technical and moral support to the trainees in
masonry skills
2.6. Follow up and give technical and moral support to the people trained as
tourism guides, assist the trainees to secure places from where they will carry
out their activities and develop a tourism circuit
2.7. Continue to technical support the community members involved in the
sewing and embroidery training, specially in the maintenance of the sewing
machines
2.8. Continue to give technical assistance in crop production and assess the
usefulness of the planting material (pineapple) supplied by the project
2.9. Carry out exchange visits to other communities implementing income
generating initiatives for experience exchange and training
2.10. Contact Education Authorities to discuss the terms of collaboration
between them and the project for adult literacy education program
2.11. Continue with scholarship program and select pupils to enter this
program in 2009
2.12. Hold discussions with the local hotel operators to assess the possibilities
for training of some local residents in cutlery skills for future employment in
those hotels
Output 3 – Improved capacity of communities to monitor, evaluate their
use, and make decisions towards the sustainable management of natural
resources
3.1. Train continuously the teams involved in the Management Oriented
Monitoring System (MOMS) to enable them to collect monitoring data
efficiently and with adequate quality
3.2. Disseminate annually the research and monitoring results to communities
3.3. Develop continuously (each year) the illustrative graphic materials to
facilitate the understanding of the monitoring results
3.4. Assist continuously the target communities in the implementation of the
management of sustainable natural resources management actions
3.5. Give continuous institutional support to the natural resources user groups
through technical assistance and development of annual work plan (work
plans to be ready by April each year)
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
J
A
S
O
N
D
Responsibilit
y
FNP
PE/CO
FNP
PE/CO
FNP
PE/CO
–
–
–
PE/CO
FNP
–
PE/CO
FNP
–
PE/CO
DNAC - CO
PE, FNP, PA
FNP
FNP - PE
FNP - PE
FNP - PE
PE - PA
PE - PA
Page 36
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Outputs/Activities
J
F
M
A
M
J
3.6. Involve Natural Resources User Groups representatives in the exchange
visits to other communities implementing income generation initiatives for
experience exchange
3.7. Carry out continuously environmental awareness campaigns and as a way
of empowering the target communities and build up a sense of natural
resources ownership in the BANP
Output 4 – Appropriate mechanisms for revenue sharing developed,
enabling the efficient transfer of monetary benefits to communities
4.1. Carry out continuous programs to raise awareness among community
members as to how revenues are collected and shared, and how the portion
coming to community are managed and hold discussions with the target
communities to apply the 20 per cent in the building of social and
developmental infra-structure that are beneficial to all Islanders even those
who can not participate physically in the project activities
J
A
S
O
N
D
Responsibilit
y
FNP
PE/CO
–
FNP
PE/CO
–
4.2. Facilitate the process of discussions on possible collection and/or
introduction of new taxes in the BANP
DNAC - PA
4.3. Intensify capacity building for the Finance Committee members of the
local CBOs (Associations) to enable wise management of community funds
and Implement the recommendations from the study of the functionality of the
operating CBOs to improve the distribution and wise use of the revenue from
the 20 per cent from the Tourism Fund
FNP
PE/CO
–
FNP
PE/CO
–
Output 5 – Systems for the management and monitoring of the WWF
Project established and operational
5.1. Identify suitable indicators and develop monitoring system to track
performance of the project, in a format that is consistent with the MOMS and
monitor continuously to assess the progress of project implementation
5.2. Provide logistical support
5.3. Hold bi-weekly operational meetings
5.4. Hold monthly Project Implementation Unit (PIU) meetings
5.5 Hold bi-monthly BANP Steering Committee Meetings
5.6. Carry out the half-yearly technical reviews
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
FNP
DNAC - PA
DNAC - PA
DNAC - PA
DNAC - PA
Page 37
WWF
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
Outputs/Activities
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Responsibilit
y
DNAC - PA
5.7. Carry out annual audit
5.8. Midterm project review
PA = Park Administrator, FNP = Forum Natureza em Perigo, PE = Project Executant, CO = Community Officer, DNAC = National Directorate for Conservation Areas
533577075_main text
2007-10-01
Page 38
WWF
533577075_main text
Project Proposal – Bazaruto Marine Natural Resource Management 2008
2007-10-01
Page 39