Past questions - Anatomy
These questions have been compiled by Gerald Tan for use by NUS Medical students. You are free to take them
for
personal (non-commercial) use - all I ask in return is that you email me an updated copy at
webmaster@geraldtan.com.
This TYS (and others like it) are available at www.geraldtan.com/school. Enjoy!
Gerald
18/11/2000
List of abbreviations used
ABTF
ATF
CBOTFS
Desc
DB
GAAO
GABAO
WABAO
WASAO
WB
WBO
WBOTHO
WSNO
WSNOTGAO
Answer Briefly The Following
Answer The Following
Comment Briefly On The Following Statements
Describe
Describe Briefly
Give An Account Of
Give A Brief Account Of
Write A Brief Account Of
Write A Short Account Of
Write Briefly
Write Briefly On
Write Briefly On The Histology Of
Write Short Notes On
Write Short Notes On The Gross Anatomy Of
SM Sessionals Main (N.A. - refers to end-of-year-1 exam when material was taught over 2 years)
SS Sessionals Supplementary (N.A. anymore)
PM Professionals Main
PS Professionals Supplementary
EG. 1986-PM-B3 = 1986, Professionals Main Paper, Section B, Question 3
01 UPPER LIMB
*1997-PS-3b Write short notes on the gross anatomy of the shoulder joint, including the factors that contribute to
its stability.
*1997-PM-3b List the muscles responsible for the various movements occuring at the fourth and fifth
metacarpophalangeal joints. Describe and explain the effects on these joints following a damage to the ulnar
nerve at the level of : (i) the elbow and (ii) the wrist.
*1996-PS-3a GAAO the boundaries and contents of the axilla.
*1996-PM-3a GAAO the movements at the metacarpophalangial joints and the muscles involved in each case.
Add a note on the nerves supplying the muscles.
*1995-PS-6a GAAO the course and distribution of the ulnar nerve. What are the effects of a lesion to this nerve at
the level of the elbow?
*1995-PM-6a Describe the course and distribution of the radial nerve.
*1994-PS-5a List all the muscles attached to the scapula. State their innervation and action/actions.
*1994-PM-6a GAAO of the cubital fossa.
1993-SS-6a Describe the course, relations and distribution of the axillary nerve.
1993-SS-4b GAAO the muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm.
1993-PS-6a WSNO the cubital fossa.
1993-PM-4b GAAO the muscles which move the thumb, including their nerve supply.
1992-SS-6a GAAO the elbow joint, including its movements and the muscles involved.
1992-SM-3a WBO the ulnar nerve in terms of its origin and distribution.
1991-SS-4a Describe the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa.
1991-SM-4a List muscles attached to scapula and WBO them with reference to their actions and nerve supply.
1991-PS-5a Describe the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb.
1991-PM-2a Describe the carpal tunnel, including the structures passing through it and its clinical importance.
1990-SS-2b WSNOTGAO The shoulder joint.
1990-SM-4a GAAO The boundaries and contents of the axilla.
1990-PS-la Describe the peripheral distribution of the radial nerve, including the effects of a lesion at the level of
the axilla.
1990-PM-4a Describe the movements at the wrist and indicate the joints and muscles which are involved.
Indicate also the innervation of these muscles. (Details of muscle attachments are NOT required ).
1989-SS-2b Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast.
1989-SM-1b Give an account of the actions and innervation of all the muscles that act on the thumb.
1988-SS-2a DB The course of the axillary artery. Enumerate its branches and their areas of supply.
1988-SM-3a Give an account of the muscles acting on the thumb and their actions. Exclude details of muscle
attachments.
1988-PS-5a Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast.
1988-PM-5b Describe the elbow (humero-radial and humero-ulnar) joint.
02 THORAX
*1997-PS-6a Describe the medial relations of the lungs
*1997-PM-6a Describe the pattern of the autonomic nerve supply to the thoracic organs
*1996-PS-4a Describe the gross anatomy of the right atrium.
*1996-PM-4a GAAO the gross anatomy of the muscles involved in respiration, including their actions during the
respiratory cycle and also their innervation.
*1995-PS-4a GAAO the gross anatomy of intercostal spaces, mentioning also relations with the pleura and
pericardium at specific spaces.
*1995-PM-5a Describe the thoracic inlet and the structures related to it.
*1994-PS-4a Describe the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the heart.
*1994-PM-4a Describe the thoracic inlet and the structures related to it.
1993-SS-4a Describe the conducting system (excluding histology) of the heart.
1993-SS-3b GAAO the innervation of the lung.
1993-SM-2b Describe the relations of structures situated at or in the vicinity of the plane between the superior
and the inferior mediastinum (plane of Louis).
1993-SM-2a WSNO the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the heart.
1993-PS-4b GAAO the autonomic nerve supply and distribution of referred pain of the heart.
1993-PM-3a Describe the relations, arterial supply and venous drainage of the esophagus.
1992-SS-1b Give a short account of the innervation of the heart.
1992-SS-1a Describe the relations at or about the plane of Louis.
1992-SM-5a Describe the relations and branches of the arch of aorta.
1992-SM-4b GAAO the right atrium.
1991-SS-3b Describe the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the stomach.
1991-SS-2b Describe the course and relations of the arch of aorta.
1991-SS-2a Describe the right ventricle of the heart (including its blood supply and conducting system).
1991-SM-5b Describe LV of the heart, including BV and conducting system.
1991-SM-5a Describe the relations of medial surfaces of right and left lungs.
1991-PS-3b Describe the great vessels in the superior mediastinum.
1991-PM-5b Explain briefly how the antero-posterior, transverse and vertical diameters of the thoracic cage are
altered during quiet respiration.
1991-SS-3a Describe the gross anatomy of the diaphragm.
1990-SS-4b DB azygous system of veins.
1990-SM-1b Describe blood supply of thoracic wall.
1990-SM-3b Describe relations at plane of Louis.
1990-SM-3b Describe relations of arch of aorta.
1990-PS-2b Describe the arch of the aorta, and its surface anatomy.
1990-PM-2b WO the gross anatomy of the RV.
1989-SS-1b Describe the gross anatomy of the esophagus in the thorax and abdomen.
1989-SS-la Describe the internal morphology and external relations of the right atrium.
1989-SM-6a Describe the external features of the heart (include the coronary vessels found on them).
1989-SM-4a Describe the surface markings of the lungs and pleurae. Add a note on the clinical significance of the
surface markings.
1988-SS-1b DB The course and distribution of a typical intercostal nerve.
1988-SS-la DB The arterial blood supply of the heart.
1988-SM-1b Describe the structures and relations at the plane of the manubrio-sternal angle (T4/T5).
1988-SM-4a Describe the gross anatomy of the left lung including the surface marking.
1988-PS-6a Describe the structures and their arrangement in a typical intercostal space.
1988-PM-1b Give an account of the conducting system of the heart.
03 ABDOMEN
*1997-PS-6b Describe the relations and surface marking of the liver
*1997-PM-6b GAAO the gross anatomy of the lesser sac.
*1996-PS-4b WSNOTGAO the spleen.
*1996-PM-4b Describe the formation and relations of the hepatic portal vein and state where anastomoses with
the systemic venous system are found, and the names of the veins forming the above anastomoses.
*1995-PS-4b Describe the porto-systemic anastomoses.
*1995-PM-4a Describe the gross anatomy of the colon.
*1994-PS-4b Describe the relations of the pancreas.
*1994-PM-4b Describe the relations of the kidney.
1993-SS-5a WB on the relations and blood supply of the pancreas.
1993-SS-4b GAAO the inguinal canal and its contents.
1993-SM-3b Give a general account of the innervation of the intestines, excluding that of the rectum and anal
canal.
1993-SM-3a Describe the formation and relations of the hepatic portal vein. Where are the porto-systemic
anastomoses? Name the vessels forming the anastomoses.
1993-PS-5a Describe the gross anatomical formation of the rectus sheath.
1993-PM-3b Describe the boundaries and contents of the inguinal canal.
1992-SS-2b GAAO the hepatic portal vein and list the vessels contributing to the porto-systemic anastomosis.
1992-SS-2a Describe the arterial supply and posterior relations of the stomach.
1992-SM-6a Compare and contrast the jejunum and the ileum with regard to their external morphology, pattern
of blood supply and innervation.
1992-SM-5b Describe the course and distribution of the coeliac axis artery.
1991-SS-3b Describe the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the stomach.
1991-SM-6b Describe relations at the transpyloric plane.
1991-SM-6a GAAO common bile duct.
1991-PS-6b Describe the relations of the liver.
1991-PM-6a GAAO the rectus abdominis muscle including the rectus sheath.
1990-SS-5b Describe relations of kidneys.
1990-SS-1b Describe infracolic compartment of abdomen.
1990-SM-6b Describe lesser sac and its peritoneal reflections .
1990-SM-6a Compare and contrast gross anatomy of small and large intestine.
1990-PS-4b Describe the blood supply and relations of the duodenum.
1990-PM-6b Describe the relations and blood supply of the pancreas.
1989-SS-6b Give a brief account of the relations of the left kidney
1989-SS-5b WB on the porto-systemic anastomoses.
1989-SM-6b WB on the course, relations and distribution of the superior mesenteric artery.
1989-SM-2a GAAO some important relationships that occur at or immediately adjacent to the transpyloric plane.
1988-SS-5a DB The relations of the right kidney.
1988-SS-3b DB The gross anatomy of the diaphragm.
1988-SM-5b Describe the gross anatomy of the inguinal canal and related hernias.
1988-SM-4b Describe the course of the portal vein and give an account of the communications that occur
between the portal and systemic venous systems and their clinical significance.
1988-PS-4a Describe the boundaries and contents of the inguinal canal in a male.
1988-PM-6b Describe the gross differences between the jejunum and ileum; and between the jejunum and ileum
and the large intestines.
04 PELVIS AND PERINEUM
*1997-PS-3a GAAO the course and relations of the ureters from the pelvic brim to the bladder in the male and
female pelvis.
*1997-PM-3a GAAO the boundary and contents of the ischirectal fossa.
*1996-PS-6b Describe the gross anatomy of the uterus, including its support.
*1996-PM-6b GAAO the innervation of the urinary bladder.
*1995-PS-5a Describe the gross anatomy of the prostate.
*1995-PM-4b GAAO the innervation of the urinary bladder.
*1994-PS-6a Discuss the support of the uterus.
*1994-PM-5a GAAO the innervation of the urinary bladder.
1993-SS-5b Describe the gross anatomy of the ovary.
1993-SM-4a Describe the boundaries and contents of the ischiorectal fossa.
1993-PS-5b Describe the boundaries and contents of the ischiorectal fossa.
1993-PM-4a GAAO the innervation of the urinary bladder.
1992-SS-3a State two differences between the male and the female pelvis. List the structures related to the pelvic
brim (inlet).
1992-SM-6b Describe the course and distribution of the pudendal nerve.
1991-SS-1a Describe the gross anatomy of the anal canal.
1991-SM-1b Describe boundaries and contents of ischiorectal fossa.
1991-PS 1b GAAO the broad ligament.
1991-PM-6b GABAO the innervation of the urinary bladder.
1990-SS-la GAAO the pelvic diaphragm.
1990-SM-5b GAAO of gross anatomy of the male urethra.
1990-PS-5b Describe the gross anatomy of the rectum.
1990-PM-6a Describe relations at the pelvic brim (inlet).
1989-SS-5a Describe the gross anatomy of the vas deferens.
1989-SM-la Describe the gross anatomy of the male urethra.
1988-SS-5b DB The gross anatomy of the anal canal.
1988-SM-6b Describe the peritoneal reflections in the female pelvis and their clinical significance.
1988-PS-1b Describe the course and distribution of the uterine artery.
1988-PM-4b Give an account of the innervation of the urinary bladder.
05 HEAD AND NECK
*1997-PS-5a Describe the relations of the middle ear
*1997-PM-5a Describe the attachments, actions and innervation of the extraocular muscles (excluding the levator
palpabrae superioris).
*1997-PM-5b Describe the extent, relations and innervation of the parotid gland.
*1996-PS-5a Discuss the gross anatomy of the middle ear
*1996-PS-5b Describe the extracranial course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
*1997-PM-5b Describe the extent, relations and innervation of the parotid gland.
*1996-PM-5a GAAO the attachments and actions of the extraocular muscles. What would be the functional
deficits of a complete division of the right oculomotor nerve?
*1996-PM-5b GAAO the gross anatomy of the nasopharynx.
*1995-PS-2a Describe the gross anatomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
*1995-PS-2b Describe the gross anatomy of the maxillary sinus.
*1995-PM-2a GAAO the relations of the cavernous sinus. Along which venous pathway can infections spread to
this sinus?
*1995-PM-2b Describe the lacrimal gland and its drainage system. Add a note on its innervation.
1994-PS-3a GAAO the internal features and relations of the nasopharynx.
1994-PS-3b Describe the relations and innervation of the parotid gland.
1994-PM-3b Describe (i) the internal features and sensory innervation of the larynx; and (ii) movements of the
vocal folds, indicating the muscles producing them.
1994-PM-3a GAAO the nerve supply and actions of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.
1993-PS-4a Describe the morphology of the external auditory meatus (including the tympanic membrane). What
are its sources of sensory innervation ?
1993-PS-3b Describe the origin, course and distribution of the maxillary nerve.
1993-PS-3a Describe the gross anatomy of the scalp, mentioning relevant clinical points.
1993-PM-6b GAAO the connections and distribution of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.
1993-PM-6a Describe the attachments, actions, innervation and relations of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
1993-PM-5b Describe the internal features and relations of the nasopharynx.
1991-PS-1b Describe the surface features and innervation of the tongue.
1991-PS-la GAAO the general arrangement, actions and innervation of the muscles of the face.
1991-PS-2b Describe the relations of the submandibular salivary gland. How is it innervated?
1991-PM-4a GAAO the movements (indicating the muscles responsible) that take place in the larynx.
1991-PM-3b Describe the attachments, innervation and actions of the muscles of mastication. What other muscles
may aid in jaw movements?
1991-PM-3a GAAO the extent, relations and innervation of the parotid gland.
1990-PS-6a Describe the gross anatomy of the thyroid gland.
1990-PS-3b Describe the internal features and innervation of the larynx.
1990-PM-5b Describe the location, relations and connections of the cavernous sinus.
1990-PM-la Describe the origin, branches and distribution of the thymus.
1990-PM-3b Describe the attachments and relations of mylohyoid muscle.
1989-PM-6a Describe relations of trachea in the neck.
1989-PM-3b Describe various movements that take place at joints of larynx;.
1989-PM-3a GAAO Scalp giving its contents and innervation.
1988-PS-4b Describe the innervation of the tongue.
1988-PS-3b Describe the relations of the internal jugular vein.
1988-PS-2b Describe the gross anatomy of the submandibular salivary gland.
1988-PM-4a Describe the origin, course and distribution of the lingual nerve.
1988-PM-3b GAAO the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
1988-PM-2b Describe the gross anatomy (including relations) of the parotid gland and its duct.
06 LOWER LIMB
*1997-PS-4a Describe briefly the course and distribution of the femoral artery.
*1997-PM-4a Describe the venous drainage of the lower limbs. State briefly two mechanisms that help overcome
the effects of gravity.
*1996-PS-3b GAAO the venous drainage of the lower limb.
*1996-PM-3b GAAO the gross anatomy of the quadriceps femoris muscles.
*1995-PS-6b Discuss briefly the venous drainage of the lower limbs.
*1995-PM-6b Give a brief account of the hip joint.
*1994-PS-5b Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb.
*1994-PM-6b GAAO the factors responsible for maintaining the arches of the foot.
1993-SS-6b GAAO the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle.
1993-SM-5a GAAO the ankle joint.
1993-PS-6b WSNO the gross anatomy of the ankle joint.
1993-PM-5a WSNO the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle.
1992-SS-6b WSNO the popliteal fossa of the lower limb. Compare and contrast it with the cubital fossa of the
upper limb.
1992-SM-3b Describe the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb.
1991-SS-4b DB the venous drainage of the lower limb.
1991-SM-4b List movements of knee joint and WBO 1) attachments of muscles associated with these movements;
2)innervation of this joint.
1991-PS-5b GAAO the hip joint. Discuss the factors contributing to its stability
1991-PM-2b DB the arches of the foot.
1990-SS-6b WSNO course and distribution of common peroneal nerve. What is
the effect of lesion on this nerve at the neck of fibula?
1990-SM-4b GAAO hamstring muscles.
1990-PS-1b Describe the boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa.
1990-PM-4b Discuss the venous drainage of the lower limb.
1989-SS-3a Describe the gross anatomy of the ankle joint and discuss the factors contributing to its stability.
1989-SM-5b GAAO the arches of the foot.
1988-SS-4b DB The course and distribution of the common peroneal nerve. What would be the effect of a lesion
of this nerve at the level of the neck of the fibula?
1988-SM-3b GAAO the formation and distribution of the femoral nerve, excluding relations.
1988-PS-6b Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb.
1988-PM-5a Describe the common peroneal nerve.
07 NEUROANATOMY
*1997-PS-2a
(i)List the structures innervated by nociceptive fibres
(ii) Outline the neuroanatomical pathway(s) from nociceptive receptors to the brains, including the collaterals.
*1997-PS-2b With regard to the facial motor neuron
(i)List the afferents to the neurons.
(ii)Give a brief account of the pathways for corneal reflex effected by the neurons
(iii)What are the differences between an upper and lower facial motor neuron lesion? Give the neuroanatomical
basis for the differences.
*1997-PM-2a An elderly man presented with ataxia in a polyclinic in Singapore. The doctor attending to him
found that he was unable to perform rapid alternating movements like supination and pronation. When he was
asked to bring the hand to the mouth during feeding, the action was jerky and clumsy. When asked to point to
his nose with his finger, the finger shot past the nose to touch the cheek. A radiologist, using magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), localized the lesion to the left dentate nucleus.
(i) The lesion in the dentate nucleus is most likely caused by an obstruction of the artery supplying it. Name the
artery supplying the left dentate nucleus.
(ii) Give an account of the connections of the dentate nucleus. Based on this knowledge, explain briefly why the
movements of the patient were jerky.
(iii) Judging from the observation that the patient also had ataxia, which other deep cerebellar nuclei could also
be affected?
*1997-PM-2b With regard to the facial motor nucleus:
(i) List the afferents to the neurons.
(ii) Give a brief account of the pathways for corneal reflex effected by the neurons.
(iii) What are the differences between an upper and lower facial motor neuron lesion? Give the neuroanatomical
basis for the differences.
*1996-PS-2a Give an account of the functional localization of the cerebral cortex.
*1996-PS-2b Give an account of the pathways for propioception.
*1996-PM-2a State the functional components of the facial nerve, listing the structures supplied and the
nucleus/ganglion in which the cell bodies of the nerves supplying them are located.
What functional deficits would result from:
(i) complete interruption of the left facial nerve at the level of the stylomastoid foramen?
(ii) damage to the left pyramidal fibres innervating the facial motor neurons? Give the neuroanatomical basis for
the functional deficits.
*1996-PM-2b GAAO the primary visual pathway.
*1995-PS-3a Give a general account of the pathways transmitting somatic pain, beginning with the peripheral
nerve fields.
*1995-PS-3b Write briefly on the neuroanatomical basis of hypothalamic regulation of temperature.
*1995-PM-3a Tabulate the functional components of the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve), listing the structures
supplied by the nerve and the name of the nucleus/ganglion supplying them. What are the differences between
an upper and lower motor neuron lesion affecting the nerve?
*1995-PM-3b Give a general account of the pathways for pain and temperature (including the type of receptors
and peripheral nerve fields).
1994-PS-2b GAAO the functional localization of the cerebral cortex.
1994-PS-2a Tabulate the functional components of the facial nerve, listing the structures supplied by the nerve
and the name of the nucleus/ganglion supplying them. DB the central connections of one of the sensory
components of the nerve.
1994-PM-2b Give a brief account of the pathways mediating the pupillary reflex (including consensual light
reflex).
1994-PM-2a Tabulate the functional components of the glossopharyngeal nerve, listing the structures supplied
by the nerve and the name of the nucleus/ganglion supplying the structures. GAAO the central connections of
one of the functional components of the nerve.
1993-SS-6b GAAO the fourth ventricle of the brain.
1993-SS-3a GAAO the external features of the cerebral hemispheres, including their divisions into lobes and
functional localization.
1993-PS-2b Give an account of the neuroanatomical basis for temperature control.
1993-PM-2b Classify the nuclear groups in the thalamus (excluding the epithalamus and subthalamus). DB the
connections and functions of the various nuclear groups, emphasizing on those of the nucleus ventralis posterior
thalami.
1992-SS-3b Describe the origin, course, sites of termination and functions of the corticospinal tract.
1992-SM-la Describe the course and distribution of the axons of neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus.
1991-SM-la List the cerebellar afferents travelling in the cerebellar peduncles. WBO the intracortical circuit in the
cerebellum.
1991-PS-3a GABAO the neural and vascular connections of the hypothalamus.
1991-PM-la Describe the location and function of the general somatic efferent nuclei in the brainstem.
1990-SS-4a GAAO The major sulci and gyri of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere.
1990-SM-la Describe course and terminations of central processes of DRG cells and relate these to the modalities
transmitted by them.
1990-PS-6b WSNO the lingual nerve.
1990-PS-2a List the functional components of the cranial nerve nuclei. Where are the cell bodies located?
1990-PM-2a Describe the pathway transmitting pain and temperature information from the FACE to the RV.
1989-SS-3b What are the principal afferent and efferent pathways of the cerebellum, and though which
peduncles do they pass respectively?
1989-SM-3b Describe the anatomical basis for the production, circulation and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid.
1989-PM-la List the differences between upper and lower motor neuron lesions. Describe the disturbances
following an upper and a lower motor neuron lesion affecting the facial nerve. Discuss their anatomical basis.
1988-SS-2b DB The pathway for discriminative touch from the periphery to the cerebral cortex.
1988-SM-2a What are the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres? Describe the functional areas found in each.
1988-PS-la Describe the central origins and peripheral distribution of the oculomotor nerve.
1988-PM-la Describe the formation, circulation and reabsorption of the cerebro-spinal fluid.
08 HISTOLOGY
*1997-PS-1a Describe the histology of the pituitary gland.
*1997-PS-1b Describe the histology of intramembranous ossification.
*1997-PM-1a Describe the histological features of the renal corpuscle including the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
*1997-PM-1b Describe the histological features of intramembranous ossification
*1996-PS-1a Describe the histological features of salivary glands.
*1996-PS-1b Describe the histological features of the duodenum.
*1996-PM-1a Describe the histology of the nephron, relating the structure of each of its segments to function.
*1996-PM-1b GAAO the histological features of the adrenal cortex and correlate them with functions.
*1995-PS-1a Describe the histological features of the pituitary gland.
*1995-PS-1b Describe the histological features of the lymph node.
*1995-PM-1a GAAO the histology of the thymus, explaining briefly how this structure is related to the functions
it performs.
*1995-PM-1b Describe the histology of the testis. Comment briefly on the function of the blood-testis barrier.
1994-PS-1a Describe the light microscopic features of the testis.
1994-PS-1b WSNO the histological features of the skeletal muscle.
1994-PM-1b Describe the histological features of the epiphyseal plate in endochondral ossification.
1994-PM-1a Describe the histological features of the renal corpuscle.
1993-SS-2b Describe the histology of the pituitary gland.
1993-SS-2a Describe the histological features of the cardiac muscle.
1993-SM-6a Give a general light microscopic account of the tubular gastrointestinal tract, using the duodenum as
an example.
1993-SM-5b Describe the histological features of the epiphyseal plate in developing long bone.
1993-PS-2a Describe the histological features of the thymus.
1993-PM-2a Describe the light microscopic features of the uterus, including the cyclic changes in the
endometrium.
1992-SS-5b WSNO the LM features of the ano-rectal junction.
1992-SS-5a WSNO the histological features of the pituitary gland.
1992-SM-2b Describe the histology of the prostate gland.
1992-SM-2a WSNO the functional histology of the spleen.
1991-SS-5b Describe the histological features of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
1991-SS-5a WSNO the histological features of the intramembranous ossification.
1991-SM-3b Compare and contrast LM features of esophagus and the vagina.
1991-SM-3a Describe LM and EM features (including innervation) of SM fibers.
1991-PS-2a Describe the histological features of cardiac muscle.
1991-PM-1b DB the histological features of the exocrine part of the pancreas.
1990-SS-5a Describe histological features of salivary glands.
1990-SS-3a Describe briefly histology of respiratory epithelium.
1990-SM-5a Correlate histology of spleen and its functions.
1990-SM-3a Describe histological features of neurohypophysis.
1990-PS-3a WSNO the histology of the pancreas.
1990-PM-1b WSNOT histological features of the thymus.
1989-SS-4b Describe the mechanisms by which the bone can grow.
1989-SS-4a Describe the histological features of the juxtaglomerular
complex (apparatus).
1989-SM-4b Describe the light microscopic features of the mature ovary.
1989-SM-3a Describe the histological basis and functional significance of the following: (i) blood-brain barrier (ii)
blood-thymus barrier (iii) blood-testis barrier
1988-SS-6b DB The light and electron microscopic features of striated skeletal muscle.
1988-SS-6a DB The histological features of the ileum.
1988-SM-6a Describe the histology of the adult ovary.
1988-SM-2b Describe the histology of the neurohypophysis.
1988-PS-2a Compare and contrast the histological features of the ureter and the vas (ductus) deferens.
1988-PM-2a Describe the histological and ultrastructural features of the nephron (including blood supply).
09 EMBRYOLOGY
*1997-PS-4b WSNO the development of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts.
*1997-PM-4b GAAO the development of the testis.
*1996-PS-6a Describe the development of the pharyngeal pouches.
*1996-PM-6a GAAO the formation of the thyroid gland.
*1995-PS-5b Describe the development of the thyroid gland.
*1995-PM-5b GAAO the development of the right and left atria and the interatrial septum of the heart.
1994-PS-6b GAAO the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches.
1994-PM-5b Describe the development of the thyroid gland with a note on the associated congenital
abnormalities.
1993-SS-1b Describe the development of the right atrium.
1993-SM-1b Describe the development of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in the female.
1993-PS-1b Describe the development of the eye.
1993-PM-1b Correlate cleft of the lip and palate with development.
1992-SS-4b Describe the development of the paramesonephric duct.
1992-SM-4a Describe the development of the testis.
1991-SS-6a WBO the development of the midgut.
1991-SM-2b Describe briefly development of paramesonephric ducts in both male and female embryos.
1991-PS-6a Describe the formation of the palate.
1991-PM-4b WSNO the development of the stomach and the dorsal mesogastrium.
1990-SS-6a Describe briefly development of stomach and its mesentery (mesogastria).
1990-SM-2b Describe development of testes.
1990-PS-5a Describe the development of the pharyngeal pouches.
1990-PM-5a Describe the development of the tongue.
1989-SS-6a Describe the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa.
1989-SM-5a Describe the changes in the foetal circulation at birth.
1989-PM-5a Describe development of thyroid gland correlating this where possible with abnormalities, and
normal anatomy features.
1988-SS-4a DB The development of the pancreas.
1988-SM-5a Describe the stages in the development of the midgut. List its derivatives.
1988-PS-5b Describe the development of the right atrium.
1988-PM-6a Describe the foetal circulation and the changes at or soon after birth.