AMP C (Pengenalan Java) Bab 3
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BAB 3
PENGENALAN MOBILE DEVICE
dan MOBILE PROGRMAMMING
3.1. PENGENALAN MOBILE DEVICE
Mobile Device (juga dikenal dengan istilah cellphone, handheld device,
handheld computer, ”Palmtop”, atau secara sederhana disebut dengan
handheld) adalah alat penghitung (computing device) yang berukuran
saku, ciri khasnya mempunyai layar tampilan (display screen) dengan
layar sentuh atau keyboard mini. Dalam hal PDA (Personal Digital
Assistant) masukan (input) dan keluaran (output) dikombinasi dalam
interface layar sentuh.
Untuk mendapatkan pelayanan dan kenyamanan dari sebuah komputer
konvensional yang dapat dibawa-bawa dan praktis adalah Smartphone
dan PDA. Kedua peralatan ini yang paling populer, selain itu ada
Enterprise Digital Assistants yang dapat dikembangkan lebih jauh untuk
kepentingan bisnis, yang menawarkan peralatan yang mampu mengambil data terintegrasi seperti Bar Code, RFID dan Smart Card.
3.2. MACAM-MACAM MOBILE DEVICE
Mobile Computers :
 Notebook PC
 Ultra-Mobile PC
 Handheld PC
 Personal Digital Assistant/ Enterprise Digital Assistant
 Graphing Calculator
 Pocket Computer
Handheld Game Console :
 Nintendo DS (NDS)
 Game Boy, Game Boy Color
 Game Boy Advance
 Sega Game Gear
 PC Engine GT
 Pokemon Mini
 NeoGeo Pocket, NeoGeo Color
 Atari Lynx
 Pandora
 GP2X/ GP32
 Gizmondo
 PlayStation Portable (PSP)
 N-Gage
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Media Recorders :
 Digital Still Camera (DSC)
 Digital Video Camera (DVD atau Digital Camcorder)
 Digital Audio Recorder
Media Players/ Displayers :
 Portable Media Player
 E-book Reader
Communication Devices :
 Mobile Phone
 Cordless Telephone
 Pager
3.3. PENGENALAN MOBILE PROGRAMMING
Pemrograman untuk mobile device mempunyai aturan tersendiri. Pemrograman dengan J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) sudah populer dalam
hal pemrograman untuk peralatan dalam ukuran kecil. Ada pula BREW
(Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) yang dibuat oleh Qualcomm
untuk mobile phones. Awalnya BREW dikembangkan untuk CDMA,
tetapi kemudian dikembangkan juga untuk GSM/ GPRS. BREW adalah
perangkat lunak yang dapat mengunduh (mendownload) dan dapat
menjalankan program-program kecil untuk memainkan games, mengirim sms, foto, dan lain-lain.
Keterbatasan yang sangat umum dalam bahasa pemrograman untuk
peralatan mobile adalah kendala dalam hal sumber daya, seperti
ukuran layar, memori, CPU, penyimpanan dan cara menginput data.
Perbedaan tampilan juga disebabkan adanya perbedaan hardware dan
API yang digunakan.
Di bawah ini ditampilkan perbandingan pengembangan mobile programming, yaitu :
Overview
Java ME
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Ideal for a portable solution, if the Java ME platform provides the needed
functionality. Good for vertical applications that must be portable. Device-specific
libraries exist for many devices and are commonly used for games, making them
non-portable. Applications (including their data) cannot be larger than around 1 MB
if they are to run on most phones. They must also be cryptographically signed in
order to effectively use many APIs such as the filesystem access API. This is
relatively expensive and is rarely done, even for commercial applications.
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Symbian
Very powerful for general purpose development. The Symbian based S60 platform
is strongly supported by Nokia with some support from other device manufacturers.
In Japan NTT DoCoMo's Symbian based MOAP platform is also well supported by
a number of manufacturers (Fujitsu, Sony Ericsson Japan, Mitsubishi and Sharp
amongst others). It should be noted, however, that MOAP is not an open
development platform. Another Symbian based platform, UIQ, is less well
supported (principally by Sony Ericsson and Motorola). Currently large device
deployments in Europe and Japan, with little penetration in the US market.
Android
Recently announced by the Open Handset Alliance, whose 34 members include
Google, HTC, Motorola, Qualcomm, and T-Mobile, Android is a new Linux-based
platform currently available only as a developer pre-release. Although it does not
yet have any fielded implementations, its support by 34 major software, hardware
and telecoms companies makes it likely that it will be rapidly adopted from 2008.
The Linux kernel is used as a hardware abstraction layer (HAL). Application
programming is exclusively done in Java. You need the Android specific Java SDK.
Besides the Android Java Libraries it is possible to use normal Java IDEs.
BlackBerry
supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web
browsing and other wireless information services as well as a multi-touch interface.
It has a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for "thumbing", the use of only the
thumbs to type. The BlackBerry devices soon took a dominating position on
the north-american smartphone market. Also important for BlackBerry are the BES
(Black Berry Enterprise Server) and the Mobile Data System (BlackBerry MDS).
iPhone
The iPhone and iPod Touch SDK uses Objective C, based on the C programming
language. Currently, is only available on Mac OS X 10.5 and is the only way to
write an iPhone application. All applications must be cleared by Apple before being
hosted on the AppStore, the sole distribution channel for iPhone and iPod touch
applications. However, non-Apple approved applications can be released to for
jailbroken iPhones via Cydia or Installer.
Lazarus
Ideal for prototyping and quickly developing database powered applications. Also
useful for porting Object Pascal software to mobiles. Can access the native APIs
when translated headers are available.
Python
Ideal for initial prototyping and concept testing when functionality falls outside Java
ME.
.NET Compact
Framework
BREW
Pocket PC and
Microsoft
Smartphone
Ideal for deployment on homogeneous Pocket-PC devices. However not cross
platform and limited to Microsoft Windows Mobile devices.
Ideal for deploying applications for deployment on CDMA-based networks (also
supports GPRS/GSM models) with a deployed Brew Content Platform especially if
OTA app deployment is desired. Little penetration in Europe.
Ideal for enterprise applications with an existing PC infrastructure and options for
significant development investment. However not cross platform and limited to
Microsoft devices.
Palm OS
Significant player with strong enterprise following in the important US market.
Flash Lite
Ideal for Graphics-heavy options with a market that can support the Flash Lite
player.
Microbrowser
Based
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Ideal for lightweight functionality, a web-interface for an existing application with
no latency concerns, or a widely varying platform base
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H
Perbandingan Pengembangan Aplikasi
Debuggers
available
Emulator
available
Good on latest
version.
Free Emulator
Average
Excellent
Free Emulator, Sun
Eclipse,LMA
Java Wireless
NetBeans
Toolkit,
Mobility Pack
mpowerplayer
Free Emulator
Eclipse,
Android only,
Undroid (Plugin because of Dalvik
for Netbeans)
VM (march 09)
apk
Free
Free Emulator
JDE -
alx, cod
Free
Foundation Learning Curve
Symbian
Java ME
C++
Java
Difficult
(unusual C++
APIs, poor
debugger
support, and
Symbian 9
breaks binary
compatibility)
Android
Java
unknown
Debugger
integrated in
Eclipse,
Standalone
debugging
monitor also
available
BlackBerry
Java
Average
Debugger
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Integrated
Development
Environment
available
Many choices
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Cross-Platform
Deployment
Compile per target
Installer
Development Tool Cost
Packaging Options
SIS deployment
Average (many VM
implementations have Jad/Jar packaging;
device specific bugs PRC files under
necessitating separate Palm OS
builds)
BlackBerry only
Varies (free tools
available)
Free
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integrated in
JDE
iPhone
Lazarus
Python
Flash Lite
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Objective-C
unknown
Object Pascal Excellent
Python
ActionScript
Excellent
Average
BlackBerry
Java
Development
Environment
H
because of the RIM
API
Integrated in the
Bundled with IDE XCode
IDE
only iPhone
N/A
Free for Intel-based
Macintosh owners, cost of
Intel-based Macintosh for
others.
Average. Can
debug on the
IDE via
ActiveSync for
Windows CE
Compiled language
available for
Windows CE, linuxbased divides and a
SymbianOS port is
under development.
The native
distribution format
of each platform
Free
Interpreted language
available natively
only on Nokia
Series60 (and
desktops) though
there are ports to
other mobile
platforms, including
PalmOS
Sis deployment
with py2sis or can Free
use Python Runtime
Lazarus IDE,
including
Uses the emulators
integrated GUI
of the platforms
designer and
debugger
Several,
including
plugins for
Eclipse
Average
Add-on to Nokia
Emulator
Good
Macromedia
Flash
Bundled with IDE
MX2004/8 /
Eclipse
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Excellent (Bundled Top 5 mobile
manufacturers,
limited handset
model support as of
SIS / CAB
deployment or
OTA/IR/Bluetooth
SWF files
Varies (Free but limited
with MTASC)
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H
3/06, best web
compatibility)
.NET
Compact
Framework
C#, VB.NET
XHTML
Microbrowser (WAP 2.0),
WML (WAP
Based
1.2)
BREW
Pocket PC
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C (the APIs
are provided
in C with a
C++ style
interface)
C, C++
Excellent
Excellent
Varies by Serverside scripting
Good
language
Difficult (but
easier, and less
featureful, than
Symbian)
Average
(excellent for
Win32
Debugger
support for the
native ARM
target code now
available via
ARM RVDS 3.0.
($6k) Can use
Visual Studio to
debug the x86
testing code.
Excellent
Free emulator
(source code
available), also
bundled with IDE
Visual Studio
2008, 2005,
2003
Windows Mobile,
WindowsCE,
Symbian-based
devices (via third
party tools)
OTA deployment,
CAB files,
ActiveSync
Most tools free (but
commercial editions of
Visual Studio required for
visual designers)
Many
Many
Excellent
N/A
Free
Compile for the
specific BREW
version available on
the handset.
OTA
Related Dev Fees
Typically Required for
Brew App Certification VeriSign annual fee for
becoming a certified
developer. Realview ARM
compiler for BREW (The
free GNU C/C++ is also
available, but with limited
function and support).
TRUE BREW testing fee
for distributing the
application.
Windows Mobile,
WindowsCE
OTA deployment,
CAB files,
ActiveSync
Free command-line tools
or eMbedded VC++, or
Visual Studio (Standard
No Emulator for
the target ARM
code, has a
simulator for the
x86 testing code.
Visual Studio
6.0, Visual
Studio
2003 .net,
Visual Studio
2005
Free emulator
(source code
available), also
Visual Studio
2008, 2005,
eMbedded
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Palm OS
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C, C++,
Pascal
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developers)
bundled with IDE
VC++ (free)
Excellent
OS 1.0 - 4.1: Free
Emulator provided
by PalmSource
(Access); OS 5.0: 5.4 Device-specific
Simulators
provided by Palm
(palmOne)
Palm OS
Development
System
(Eclipse),
CodeWarrior,
PocketStudio
Average
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H
edition or better)
Palm OS handhelds,
or Windows Mobile
with StyleTap
emulator
PRC Files,
PalmSource
Installer (.psi)
Free (POSE or GCC for
Palm OS), or commercial
(CodeWarrior), or various
commercial rapiddevelopment frameworks