SYLLABUS
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1.) YOUR ASSIGNMENTS are on this SYLLABUS. READ IT ALL BEFORE YOU BEGIN YOUR WORK.
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WELCOME TO CHEMISTRY
Course SCI122: Chemistry: This laboratory course examines the composition of various
substances and the changes they can go through. It also shows you how chemistry touches our lives
almost everywhere and every day, in medicine, the clothes we wear, the games we play, as well as
the industries that make the things we use. The periodic table and simple compounds are covered as
well as the basics of Chemistry. This is a complete up-to-date course on Chemistry
Chemistry Video Line-up Online - follow the link below
Video Support: Create an account at Khan Academy for unlimited use of video support. Once you
create your account, click on LEARN from the top left menu, and explore the site based on subject.
You do not have to create an account to use the site.
https://www.khanacademy.org/
Key Info – When doing your LABS
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The scientific method is a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations
and doing experiments.
The steps of the scientific method are to:
o Ask a Question
o Do Background Research
o
o
o
o
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Construct a Hypothesis
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. A "fair test" occurs when you change
only one factor (variable) and keep all other conditions the same.
Week 1
Your Textbook is Online – follow the link
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/pre/index.html
Introduction to Chemical Science
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What is the difference between chemistry and physics? Explain in your own words.
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What ways do engineering, economics, and geology relate to Chemistry? Explain in your own words.
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Define the following terms and classify them as primarily “microscopic or macroscopic” concepts: element,
atom, compound, molecule, formula, structure.
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Describe “energetics” and “dynamics”.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Matter: its classification and properties
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What distinguishes “heterogeneous” matter from “homogeneous” matter? Give your own example.
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Describe the following separation processes: distillation, crystallization, liquid-liquid extraction,
chromatography,
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Understanding density and buoyancy
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Describe the two factors responsible for the 4°C density maximum of water
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Explain why weighing a solid object suspended in a fluid yields a smaller value than its “true” weight.
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What is the purpose of a hydrometer and how does it work? Explain in your own words.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
LAB I
DENSITY COLUMN
Make a density column with many liquid layers using common household liquids. This is an easy and
colorful science project that illustrates the concept of density.
Density Column Materials
You can use some or all of these liquids, depending on how many layers you want and which materials
you have handy. These liquids are listed from most-dense to least-dense, so this is the order in which you
pour them into the column.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
honey
corn syrup or pancake syrup
liquid dishwashing soap
water (can be colored with food coloring)
vegetable oil
rubbing alcohol (can be colored with food coloring)
lamp oil
Make the Density Column
Pour your heaviest liquid into the center of whatever container you are using to make your column. If you
can avoid it, don't let the first liquid run down the side of the the container because the first liquid is thick
enough it will probably stick to the side so your column won't end up as pretty. Carefully pour the next
liquid you are using down the side of the container. Another way to add the liquid is to pour it over the
back of a spoon. Continue adding liquids until you have completed your density column. At this point, you
can use the column as a decoration. Try to avoid bumping the container or mixing its contents.
The hardest liquids to deal with are the water, vegetable oil, and rubbing alcohol. Make sure that there is
an even layer of oil before you add the alcohol because if there is a break in that surface or if you pour
the alcohol so that it dips below the oil layer into the water then the two liquids will mix. If you take your
time, this problem can be avoided.
WRITE WHAT YOU OBSERVED
EXPLAIN: How the Density Column Works
You made your column by pouring the heaviest liquid into the glass first, followed by the nextheaviest liquid, etc. Which liquid has the most mass per unit volume or the highest density?
Some of the liquids don't mix - why?
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Week 2
Energy, heat, and temperature: an introduction
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What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy? Explain in your own words.
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Define chemical energy and thermal energy.
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What is meant by “heat” and “work”? Give an example of each in your own words.
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Describe the physical meaning of temperature?
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What is a temperature scale?
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Describe the Kelvin temperature scale.
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How are heat capacity and specific heat measured?
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Units and dimensions
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Explain the meaning and use of unit dimensions.
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What qualities are needed to define a temperature scale?
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Explain how a Torricellian barometer works.
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The meaning of measure
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Give one example of a measured numerical value and explain what distinguishes it from a “pure” number.
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Why is the relative precision of a given measurement generally more useful?
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Significant figures and rounding off
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What is the purpose of rounding off?
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How do you round off a number whose second-most-significant digit is 9?
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How can I calculate the energy required to cause a temperature rise?
The specific heat of water is 1.0 cal/g°C. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 25.1
g of water by 72.0 degree Celsius?
Follow these steps.
1. What is the unknown? Your problem asks "How much energy...?" The units aren't specified,
but since you spot 'calories' in the given information, it will probably be easiest to get your
answer in calories.
2. What information is given? You know that:
o the specific heat is 1.0 cal/g°C
o the mass of water is 25.1 g
o the temperature change is 72.0°C
3. How is the information in the problem related to the unknown? The relationship between
heat and temperature change is
heat = mass × specific heat × temperature change
4. Do the math. Now you're ready to do the calculation itself:
heat = (25.1 g)(1.0 cal/g°C)(72.0°C)
5. Is the final answer in the correct units? You want only calories. All other units should
'cancel' in the calculation somewhere.
6. Is the size of the answer reasonable? Your reasoning should go something like this: The
specific heat means that it takes 1.0 calories of heat to warm 1 g of water up by 1°C. So it
should take 25.1 calories to warm up 25.1 g of water by 1°C. And it should take 72.0×25.1
calories to warm up 25.1 g of water by 72.0°C.
You can also check the answer by working the problem backwards. For example, take the
calories just calculated and divide them by the temperature change and the grams of water;
do you get a specific heat of 1.0 cal/g°C?
APPLICATION ASSIGNMENT: Now YOU do the calculations.
The specific heat of water is 2.0 cal/g°C. How much energy is required to raise the
temperature of 30.0 g of water by 80.0 degree Celsius?
1. What information is given? You know that:
o the specific heat is ___________
o the mass of water is ___________
o the temperature change is _________
o FINISH
LAB Experiment - online simulation
http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=186&cat=chemistry
Stress, Pressure Animation http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=120&cat=chemistry
Week 3
Atoms, elements, and the nucleus
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/int-1.html#TODO
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Give a chemical definition of element, and comment on the distinction between the terms atom and element.
Describe, in your own words, the Laws of Chemical Change: mass conservation, constant composition, and
multiple proportions.
Define atomic number and mass number, and explain the relation between them.
Define isotope and nuclide.
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Explain the purpose of a mass spectrometer and its general principle of operation. Explain in your own words.
Describe the atomic weight scale.
Define the unified atomic mass unit.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Chemical Formulas and their arithmetic
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/int-3.html#TODO
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Explain why the symbol of an element often differs from the formula of the element.. Explain in your own
words.
Define an ion, and explain the meaning of its formula.
Define molecular weight, formula weight, and molar mass.
How do you find the percentage composition of a compound?
Calculate the mass ratio of any two elements present in a compound from its formula.
What is meant by “mole ratio”?
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Chemical equations and calculations
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/int-4.html#TODO
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What is the significance in balancing a chemical equation for a reaction? Explain in your own words.
What is aqueous solution?
How do you identify the limiting reactant?
Describe the manner in which the concept of limiting reactant relates to human exercise.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Solutions Animation http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=122&cat=chemistry
Chemical Bonding http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-Junior-Chemistry-Chemical-Bonding-4-111430933
Week 4
Naming chemical substances (for study and memorization. No response questions)
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/int-5.html#TODO
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Memorize the name and symbols of at least the first twenty elements, as well as all of the halogen and noble gas
groups (groups 17-18).
Name any binary molecule, using the standard prefixes for 1-10.
All of the commonly-encountered ions.
Salts and other ion-derived compounds, including the acids listed here.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
States of Matter and Solids
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/states/states.html
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State the major feature that characterizes a condensed state of matter.
Describe some of the major observable properties that distinguish gases, liquid and solids, and state their
relative magnitudes in these three states of matter.
Describe the dominant forces and the resulting physical properties that distinguish ionic, covalent, metallic,
and molecular solids.
Explain the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids, and cite some examples of each.
What is meant by an "extended" or "infinite-molecule solid"?
Describe some of the special properties of graphite.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Water and Hydrogen Bonding
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/states/water.html
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Identify three special properties of water that make it unusual for a molecule of its size. Explain how these
result from hydrogen bonding.
What is meant by “hydrogen bonding?”
Describe the “structure” of liquid water.
Describe the roles of hydrogen bonding in protein and DNA.
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE
Week 5
INDEPENDENT PROJECT
Chemical reactions occur every day all around us. A chemical reaction is a process where one type of
substance is chemically converted to another substance. That fizzling toilet bowl cleaner is a chemical
reaction. The fire in your fireplace is another type of chemical reaction. Conduct your own experiment
which demonstrates a chemical reaction that's fairly common all around us. Share your steps in the
scientific method.
Key Info

The scientific method is a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and
doing experiments.

The steps of the scientific method are to:
o
Ask a Question
o
Do Background Research
o
Construct a Hypothesis
o
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
o
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
o
Communicate Your Results (and you must show digital photographs of yourself doing
the experiment)

It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. A "fair test" occurs when you change only one
factor (variable) and keep all other conditions the same
ADD RESPONSE/S/ HERE