PROPOSAL INFORMATION SUMMARY
1.
2.
Regional Panel Destinations:
Project Title:
SC
3.
Principal Investigator(s):
4.
Authorized Institutional
Representative:
6.
Element Designation
7.
Key Words
8.
9.
10
Amount Requested
Proposed start date
Proposed Duration
John N. Louie
Tel.: (775) 784-4219, Email: louie@seismo.unr.edu
University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
Fax: 775-784-1833
Cindy Kiel
Director, Office of Sponsored Project Admin.
University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
Tel.: (775)784-4040, Fax (775)784-6064
Email: ckiel@unr.edu
This project supports Elements I & III with “research that
contributes to improvements in the national hazards maps and to
assessing earthquake hazards and reducing losses in urban
areas.” It also supports “Priority Topics in Research on
Earthquake Effects” by improving “site characterization for
building code and other applications,” and developing “quick and
inexpensive methods to determine the shear-wave velocity
profile at a site to a depth of about 200 m.”
Engineering seismology, Strong ground motion Amplification,
Seismic zonation
$72,719
January 1, 2007
1 year
11
New Proposal
Yes
12
Active Earthquake-related
Research: Grants, and Level of
Support
Shear-wave velocity map for ANSS stations in southern
California: Collaborative Research with CGS, and UNR
Dept. of Energy/Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy:
Assembly of a crustal seismic velocity database for the
western Great Basin, $219,417, 4/1/2002–10/1/2007,
Louie (1.5 summer months total).
SCEC/NSF: Site-condition measurements at precariously
balanced rocks constraining ruptures on the Elsinore and
San Jacinto faults, $7999, 2/1/2005 – 9/30/2006, Louie
(0.05 summer month), Brune, Anooshehpoor.
Dept. of State/Fulbright New Zealand: Developing a Wellington
Community Seismic-Hazard Modeling Environment,
Fulbright All Disciplines Partial Maintenance Senior
Scholar Award #5146 to New Zealand, 2/1/20067/31/2006, Louie (sabbatical leave support).
13
Has this proposal been
submitted to any other agency
for funding?
No
2
Shear-wave velocity map for ANSS stations in southern California:
Collaborative Research with CGS, and UNR
Chris Wills
California Geological Survey
John Louie
Seismological Lab, University of Nevada, Reno
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Application for Federal Assistance, Standard Form (SF) 424 ...................................... 1
Proposal Information Summary ................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents........................................................................................................ 3
Abstract....................................................................................................................... 4
Budget Summary ........................................................................................................ 5
Detail and Subcontractor Budgets ............................................................................... 6
Project Description
Significance of the Project ............................................................................... 8
Results from prior southern California project 05HQGR0078 ....................... 10
Project Plan ...................................................................................................... 12
References ...................................................................................................... 14
Final Report and Dissemination of Results.................................................................. 15
Project Personnel (UNR & CGS) ................................................................................. 16
Institutional Qualifications (UNR & CGS)..................................................................... 19
Project Management Plan ........................................................................................... 20
Current and Pending Support– Louie & Wills .............................................................. 20
3
Shear-wave velocity map for ANSS stations in southern California:
Collaborative Research with CGS, and UNR
Chris Wills
California Geological Survey
John Louie
Seismological Lab, University of Nevada, Reno
ABSTRACT
Estimation of shallow shear velocities is a key element in the assessment of sites for potential
earthquake ground shaking and damage. We propose an assessment of shallow conditions at
the sites of strong-motion recording within the Los Angeles region. We will measure shear
velocity as a function of depth using refraction-microtremor arrays located at about 50 groundmotion recording sites. All sites will be measured for a shear-velocity profile to >30 m depth and
will yield the Vs30 average; selected sites will be measured to depths exceeding 200 m. We will
study sites that have been included in the Next Generation Attenuation Equation (NGA) project.
As part of the NGA project, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center used an
updated correlation between geological units and shear velocity. This study will test and
improve on those correlations. The measurements will provide a better estimate of the site
conditions at sites where strong ground motion has been recorded and help to calibrate a map
showing how geologic units with similar shear-wave velocities are distributed. The resulting
improved map will provide a uniform statewide estimate of seismic amplification due to site
conditions as well as form a basis for an initial estimate of the site conditions for any new strong
ground motion recording stations.
Wills et al.’s (2000) site-condition map for California provided a significant improvement in site
characterization, has been found to correlate with seismic amplification (Field, 2000) and has
been adopted as a standard depiction for many applications of seismic shaking estimates
(ShakeMap for example). Continued work for the NGA project attempted to improve the
resolution of the previous map by applying the shear-wave velocity characteristics of geologic
units, similar to the units described by Wills and Silva (1998), to all sites in the NGA database.
The definition of units by geologic factors, rather than as combinations of units grouped
according to NEHRP velocity class, should reduce the variability within most of the map units.
This effort resulted in a set of 19 generalized geologic units that can be described by their
shear-wave velocity and a map of California where those units are shown for areas containing
either a measured shear-wave velocity profile or a strong motion recording station in the NGA
database. These improved site characterizations based on Vs30 are being used in the
development of the new attenuation equations by all of the 5 development teams. The
developers found that use of the Vs30 values, a mixture of measured values and geological
inference, did reduce the residuals when used in attenuation equations. The proposed study will
provide additional Vs measurements to help correlate geologic units with shear-wave velocity,
especially units which are poorly covered by existing data. We anticipate gaining information on
Z1.0 and Z1.5 (depths to shear velocities of 1.0 and 1.5 km/s, respectively), as well as Vs30 at
all sites in the San Bernardino and Riverside region.
4
BUDGET SUMMARY
Project Title:
Shear-wave velocity map for California: Collaborative Research with CGS, and UNR
Principal Investigators: John N. Louie
Proposed Start Date:
Jan. 1, 2007
COST CATEGORY
1. Salaries and Wages
Total Salaries and Wages
2. Fringe Benefits/Labor Overhead
3. Equipment
4. Supplies
5. Services or Consultants
6. Radiocarbon Dating Services
7. Travel
8. Publication Costs
9. Other Direct Costs
10. Total Direct Costs (items 1-9)
11. Indirect cost / General and
Proposed Completion Date: Dec. 31, 2007
Federal
First Year
$ 23,390
Federal
Second Year
$0
$ 23,390
Total
Both Years
$ 23,390
$ 23,390
$ 2,059
$0
$ 2,059
$0
$0
$0
$ 1,000
$0
$ 1,000
$ 20,550
$0
$ 20,550
$0
$0
$0
$ 600
$0
$ 600
$ 1,000
$0
$ 1,000
$ 2,250
$0
$ 2,250
$ 50,849
$0
$ 50,849
$ 21,870
$0
$ 21,870
$ 72,719
$0
$ 72,719
$ 72,719
$0
$ 72,719
Administrative (G&A) cost
12. Amount Proposed (items 10 & 11)
13. Total Project Cost (total of Federal and nonFederal amounts)
5
Shear-wave velocity map for ANSS stations in southern California:
Collaborative Research with CGS, and UNR
University of Nevada, Reno Budget, Louie
Proposed start date:
1/1/07
Budget Prepared: 4/20/06 J. Louie
NEHRP-SC
UNR Year 1 Total:
SALARIES
Employee
John Louie
Student-Academic Yr
Student-Summer
Undergraduate labor
Subtotals
Total Salary and Fringe
72719
Units
Daily
Monthly
Monthly
hourly
Rate
550
1600
3200
12
Number
5
10
1
120
Subtotal
2750
16000
3200
1440
23390
Benefit Rate
0.04
0.1
0.1
0.02
Benefits
110
1600
320
29
2059
25449
SUBCONTRACT
Optim Inc, Reno, NV- Shear Velocity Data Collection and Interpretation
Subcontracts Total
EQUIPMENT
Unit Cost Quantity
20550
20550
0
Equipment Total
Consultants Total
0
0
Expendables
Lab & Computer Supplies
Computer Services
Publication Costs
Travel
Dest
AGU or SSA
Rate
2000
500
500
1000
Number
1
Subtotal
600
Additional Student Expenses
Tuition and Fees per year (18 credits)
125
600
Total Direct Cost
Total:
Number
18
600
2250
50849
Indirect Cost Computation
Total Direct Cost
Subtract Tuition & Fees
Subtract Equipment
Adjusted Total
Fraction
Indirect Cost
50849
-2250
0
48599
0.45
21870
Year One Total
72719
6
Subcontractor’s Budget: Optim Inc., Reno, NV
A previous contract, 05HQGR0078, measured 50 sites in southern California with
the refraction microtremor method. Experience with that project, and others completed
for SCEC and DOE, has shown that it is relatively costly for UNR to mobilize a crew of
students and faculty in Reno to make measurements 500 miles away in Los Angeles.
The University of Nevada’s seismic technology partner, Optim Inc., holds the exclusive
license from the State to develop and market the Nevada-owned refraction microtremor
technology. Optim conducts research and development on refraction microtremor and
its applications to engineering and public-policy problems. As a result, Optim has
immediate access to appropriate equipment and even to experienced refractionmicrotremor data-acquisition technicians in southern California.
The costs of contracting data acquisition in southern California to Optim are thus
competitive with what it would cost UNR students to mobilize and travel to Los Angeles
to make the same measurements. For the previous contract UNR performed 21 of the
50 measurements in Jan. 2005 and Optim performed 29 in Oct.-Dec. 2005 (with a
subcontract approved by the USGS). This arrangement freed graduate student Don Pei
from the time-consuming details of site permitting and data collection for the second half
of the field campaign. Pei was able to concentrate productively on analysis of the
results, research on the methods, and on publications and presentations such as Pei et
al. (2005a, 2005b, 2006) at SEG, AGU, and the 1906 Centennial.
The proposed work is a reconnaissance of sites that have not previously been
characterized for shallow shear velocity. To add to the integrity of the results, where
corroborating measurements are not available, it is crucial for the site measurements to
be independently processed and modeled by at least two different groups. In the
previous project each site was modeled by both Optim and UNR. The independent
analyses identified the more difficult datasets and set boundaries on the more uncertain
results.
Satish Pullammanappallil Ph.D. is one of the Principals of Optim, and co-author
with John Louie and his students of several professional papers exploring the
applications of refraction microtremor. Dr. Pullammanappallil prepared this budget, and
will supervise all activities under this subcontract.
Survey Preparation
Personnel
Data Acquistion
Personnel
Per diem
Travel
Data Processing
Personnel
1
20 hrs @
$140 /hr
1
25 days @
$150 /day
1
25 days @
$110 /day
car+airfare 25 day rental $150 /day
1
50 hrs @
Total
$140
/hr
2,800.00
3,750.00
2,750.00
4,250.00
7,000.00
$20,550.00
7
Shear-wave velocity map for ANSS stations in southern California:
Collaborative Research with CGS, and UNR
Chris Wills
California Geological Survey
John Louie
Seismological Lab, University of Nevada, Reno
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This project will obtain Vs30 and shear velocity profiles at 50 strong motion stations in southern
California, and improve correlations of Vs30 with mapped geological units. It will contribute toward the
reduction of earthquake losses in the US by providing a more thorough characterization of the nearsurface conditions of sites at which earthquake shaking has been measured. The results of this project will
allow a more accurate assessment of the role that near-surface shear velocities play in amplifying ground
motions. This project supports USGS EHP Elements I & III with “research that contributes to
improvements in the national hazards maps and to assessing earthquake hazards and reducing losses in
urban areas.” It also supports “Priority Topics in Research on Earthquake Effects” by improving “site
characterization for building code and other applications,” and developing “quick and inexpensive
methods to determine the shear-wave velocity profile at a site to a depth of about 200 m.”
Explaining the variations in seismic shaking across the Los Angeles area has been an ongoing
research topic for nearly 20 years. Tinsley and Fumal (1985) assigned individual shear-wave velocities to
each geologic unit in their test area, taking into account age, grain size and depth. In 1994, the Northridge
earthquake resulted in unexpected variations of damage and ground motions in and around the Los
Angeles area. Immediately, a number of studies were launched to study ground motions in southern
California. Park and Elrick (1998) extracted the shear velocity average to 30 m depth, Vs30. Their results
show that Vs30 varies with grain size and age, and accordingly grouped the geologic units in southern
California into eight different categories. Similarly, Wills and Silva (1998) assembled a database of shearwave velocity measurements and correlated those with the materials described in borehole logs.
Wills et al. (2000) published a site-conditions map for all of California based the NEHRP Vs30
categories, correlation of geologic units with Vs30 from Wills and Silva (1998) and generalization of the
statewide 1:250,000 scale geologic maps. The "preliminary site conditions map" of Wills et al. (2000)
was found to correlate with seismic amplification (Field, 2000) and represented a credible first
approximation for consideration of site conditions in seismic hazard estimates. Wills et al. (2000) noted
two main problems with this map: the lack of precision inherent in using the 1:250,000 scale geologic
maps and the range of Vs30 in young alluvium due to thickness, grain size and possibly regional
differences in deposition and weathering.
These problems were highlighted by Thelen et al. (2006, BSSA in press) who showed that fifty
measurements of Vs30 in coarse alluvium of the northern San Gabriel Valley had an average velocity
above the range of the NEHRP-based CD class predicted, and large variance. In Reno and Las Vegas,
Nevada, Scott et al. (2004; 2006 BSSA in press) found poor Vs30 predictability from mapped alluvial
units, with caliche cementation raising Vs30 values in Las Vegas, and underlying stiff Tertiary diatomites
and boulder outwashes raising Vs30 in the Reno basin.
More recent work by Wills et al. (2006, BSSA in press) attempted to outline areas corresponding
to geologic units with distinct Vs30, including areas of young alluvium that were more homogenous in
Vs30. Generally, sub-categories of young alluvium were defined geographically, rather than by using
detailed geologic information. The geographic rules were kept as simple as possible: alluvium is expected
to be thin in narrow valleys and small basins, coarse near the base of steep mountains, and deep in the
8
center of major basins. Using these rules, the map prepared by Wills et al. (2006) shows geologic units
within the young alluvium that appear to have different shear wave velocity (Table 1).
Deep basins with an abundance of shear wave velocity information, the Imperial Valley and the
Los Angeles basin, also can be shown to have significant regional differences in Vs30. Estimates of the
mean and standard deviation of Vs30 from this map were developed for the Pacific Engineering Research
Center's "Next Generation Attenuation" equation (NGA) project. At last report (SSA annual meeting
4/20/06), all of the five attenuation-equation developer teams are using estimates of Vs30 either measured
at the strong-motion instrument site or from this map as their primary term for site conditions. The
developer teams reported there that the Vs30 values from the new map were more effective in reducing
the residuals in the ground motion than broader Vs categories based on NEHRP categories.
We anticipate that improved site conditions information from the proposed study will be used in
conjunction with development of future attenuation equations to provide ground motion estimation that
more accurately represent the shallow site conditions. We also anticipate that the measurements will
result in an improved map. Map improvements will result in better estimates of seismic hazard and loss in
several of the applications where the existing preliminary site conditions map is now used.
Like previous steps toward improved site-conditions mapping, preparation of the current map by
Wills et al. (2006) has raised a series of questions:
 What is the best definition of the area where thin alluvium affects Vs30?
 Are the higher velocities in "coarse alluvium" due to larger grain size at the base of high mountains or
due to soil formation in desert environments?
 Can other geographic rules (e.g. distance from bedrock, slope, or surface roughness) do as well or
better at differentiating Vs30 in alluvium?
 Are there systematic variations in Vs among "crystalline rocks"?
Each of these questions can be addressed by additional data in an area where there are a variety of
bedrock types, a broad range of alluvial depositional environments and variation in climate that would
affect soil formation and weathering processes. The San Bernardino-Riverside area, east of Los Angeles,
is ideal because it has such a wide range in all of these factors, a large number of ANSS stations in a
variety of geologic settings, and high-quality recent geologic maps prepared through the USGS/CGS
Southern California Areal Mapping Project.
Table 1, Geologic units and shear-wave velocity characteristics, developed for NGA
Number of Mean
profiles
Vs30
Geologic Unit Geologic Description
Qi
af/qi
Qal, fine
Qal, deep
Intertidal Mud, including mud around the San
Francisco Bay
Artificial fill over intertidal mud around San
Francisco Bay.
Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium in areas
where it is known to be fine.
Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium in areas
where it is more than 30m thick.
Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium in the
Imperial Valley
Qal, deep,
Imperial V
Qal, deep, LA Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium in the Los
Angeles basin.
Basin
Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium in narrow
valleys, small basins, and adjacent to the
edges of basins.
Qal, thin, west Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium in part of
west Los Angeles.
LA
Qal, thin
9
Std.
Std. Vs30 from
Dev. of
Dev. Mean of ln
ln
20
160
39
155
0.243
44
217
94
202
0.357
13
236
55
229
0.238
161
280
74
271
0.250
53
209
31
207
0.135
64
281
85
270
0.275
65
349
89
338
0.244
41
297
45
294
0.150
Quaternary (Holocene) alluvium near fronts
Qal, coarse of high, steep mountain ranges and in major
Qoa
Qs
QT
Tsh
Tss
Tv
Kss
serpentine
KJf
xtaline
channels.
Quaternary (Pleistocene) alluvium
Quaternary (Pleistocene) sand deposits.
Quaternary to Tertiary (Pleistocene Pliocene) alluvial deposits.
Tertiary (mostly Miocene and Pliocene) shale
and siltstone units.
Tertiary (mostly Miocene, Oligocene, and
Eocene) sandstone units.
Tertiary volcanic units.
Cretaceous sandstone of the Great Valley
Sequence in the central Coast Ranges.
Serpentine.
Franciscan complex rock.
Crystalline rocks, including Cretaceous
granitic rocks, and metamorphic rocks.
18
354
82
345
0.223
132
15
387
302
142
46
370
297
0.273
0.171
18
455
150
438
0.266
55
390
112
376
0.272
24
515
215
477
0.386
3
609
155
597
0.240
6
566
199
539
0.332
6
32
653
782
137
359
641
712
0.204
0.432
28
748
430
660
0.489
Figure 1. Southern California map showing Vs30 values, in meter/second, determined for 50 CISN and
strong-motion instrument sites under USGS contract 05HQGR0078. Site values are imposed as colored
circles atop a colored background polynomial fit to all 50 values. Warmer colors indicate lower Vs30
values.
Results from prior southern California project 05HQGR0078– Shear-velocity profiles were
measured to 100 m depth at fifty CISN and strong-motion stations in a UNR project completed in January
2006– “Improving next-generation attenuation models with shear-velocity measurements at all TriNet and
strong-motion stations in LA.” This project was funded to measure the characteristics of fifty ground-
10
motion recording sites in the LA area, calibrating the sources of ground-motion data for prior and future
earthquakes. During this project a UNR team measured 21 sties with the refraction microtremor technique
in January 2005. The USGS approved a UNR subcontract to Optim Inc. to measure the remaining 29 sites
from October to December 2005. Optim, UNR’s technology partner for geophysical site assessment, was
able to more efficiently prosecute the surveys in Los Angeles than Reno-based UNR students and faculty
could. Refraction microtremor data were processed and modeled independently by Dr. Satish
Pullammanappallil of Optim and by Don Pei and John Louie of UNR.
All fifty analyses were completed in January 2006. UNR graduate student Don Pei combined all
the Vs30 results into the preliminary Vs30 map of figure 1. PI Louie subsequently posted all velocity
profiles and Vs30 results to the on-line archive and interactive mapping facility linked through
www.seismo.unr.edu/hazsurv . Figure 2 shows an example of the archive’s point-and-click access to the
fifty shear-velocity profiles, and to an additional 385 profiles from around southern California and
Nevada.
Figure 2. Example of ARCmap web interface allowing interactive mapping and access to shear-velocity
profiles and Vs30 values from 250 sites in southern California. The interface is accessed through
http://mapserver.library.unr.edu/website/seismoweb/VS30/viewer.htm; zoom out to see the full
geographic extent of the 435 sites in California and Nevada. With the Identify
tool, click on a site on
the map to see a link below to the velocity profile, show in a separate window to the left. Profiles are
archived in a self-explanatory text format, and all are directly accessible from
http://www.seismo.unr.edu/vs/archive. Data collection, analyses, and the interface have been partly
sponsored by the USGS under contracts 03HQGR0068 and 05HQGR0078. Results from the 200-site
San Gabriel River transect and comparisons to borehole data are in press in Thelen et al. (2006).
The archive includes 200 sites along the San Gabriel River transect measured in July 2003 under
an earlier project, on contract 03HQGR0068. As mentioned above, that project significantly improved the
overall characterization of coarse alluvial geological units. As well, it showed that a large number of Vs30
measurements of any geologic unit could continue to exhibit a high degree of spatial variability. The
11
spatial coherence of refraction-microtremor Vs30 values is greater, however, than the spatial coherence of
Vs30 values measured with downhole surveys. This might be expected since microtremor-array
measurements are 100-meter-scale volume averages while downhole measurements are point samples of
conditions within a few meters of the bore. Thelen et al. have these results in press in BSSA (June 2006).
The lateral shear-velocity heterogeneity of rock units is especially prominent in our 2005 results.
Note on figure 1 that only five out of the fifty stations measured showed Vs30 values above 550 m/s, with
a maximum at station TOV of only 884 m/s. The refraction-microtremor technique has shown Vs30
values more than twice as high in hard rock of the Mojave Desert, San Jacinto Mts., and southern Nevada.
LA’s more shattered rock is highly heterogeneous. In taking a volume average of travel time, with surface
waves not propagating according to Fermat’s principal where heterogeneities are at a smaller scale than
wavelengths, Vs30 values reflect the lower side of the spectrum of velocities surrounding a site.
A case illustrating the effects of local heterogeneity is the long-operating station PAS, in a tunnel
under a low ridge in the granite hills west of Pasadena. Our Vs profile (available from
http://www.seismo.unr.edu/vs/ archive/SoCal/PAS-RS1.txt), collected along the ridge 5 m above the
tunnel, shows 4.8 m of low-velocity fractured rock and soil at the surface, leading to a Vs30 of 638 m/s.
Removing the upper 4.8 m of low-velocity material from this profile would lead to a VS30 computation
of 905 m/s. A USGS downhole log, likely at the base of the ridge, showed a Vs30 of 969 m/s.
PROJECT PLAN
The proposed project is for one year. In this project Louie and Wills will work together to get
new measurements at ANSS stations and work toward answers of the questions above. The map assembly
depends heavily on the shear-velocity measurements available; likewise the measurement sites must be
selected with care to assure that each is most meaningful. By collaborating on this joint project, Wills and
Louie will be able to make the most efficient use of scarce resources for data collection. Their
collaboration will enable completion of a more accurate site conditions map for the rapidly urbanizing
San Bernardino–Riverside area in a usefully short time, while planners can still make development
decisions. Separate efforts by Will and Louie, with their year-long reporting cycles, might not deliver the
appropriate results on time.
The proposed project will focus on providing shear-wave velocity profiles and Vs30 estimates for
strong motion recording sites in the San Bernardino and Riverside areas where the potential for seismic
shaking is high, development has been extremely rapid and much new development has occurred on
geologic units that do not have well known shear wave velocity characteristics.
Figure 3. Preliminary site conditions map of California, on right, and revised map showing
geologically-based shear-wave velocity categories on left. Note that most of the original polygons
have been retained, but have been re-designated as a geological unit, rather than a NEHRP-based
shear-wave velocity category.
12
We propose to:
1. Measure a shallow shear-velocity profile at each of about fifty CISN stations in the San Bernardino
Basin, San Bernardino Mountains, Perris Block and southern Mojave Desert, using the techniques
proven in our previous NEHRP-SC projects (e.g., Thelen et al., 2006; Stephenson et al., 2005). The
measurements we propose here will be at stations in addition to the fifty CISN stations recently
measured by Louie under the 2005 NEHRP-SC project. Measurement tasks will be supervised by
John Louie.
a) Stations to be measured will be defined by Chris Wills with consultation to Susan Hough of
USGS so that sites of ANSS stations with poorly known geologic correlations with Vs are
emphasized. Measured Vs30 at stations on alluvium near the edges of basins and near the
base of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains will help define rules for subdividing
young alluvium.
b) Each station will be measured by a 100-200-meter-long, 12- or 24-channel refraction
microtremor array (Louie, 2001).
c) The arrays will be located on public access where possible, centered within 100 m of the
stations, and record traffic microtremor for about a half hour.
d) Optim Inc, the University of Nevada's commercial partner in refraction microtremor research
and development, will independently conduct permitting, field measurement, data analysis
and modeling activities. Fifty Vs30 measurements are expected to take 25 days of fieldwork
by Optim.
e) The graduate student will assist Optim in measuring Vs30 at some sites. The student will
conduct a few additional experiments with longer arrays (300-1000 m) for deeper velocities,
and conduct profiles to measure local lateral heterogeneity, at a few selected stations. These
stations will likely be deeper-basin sites with larger expected values of Z1.0 and Z1.5, the
depths to shear velocities of 1.0 and 1.5 km/s, respectively. The graduate student’s field work
will likely occupy 5 days.
2. Model the microtremor data and velocity models. UNR and Optim will conduct fully independent
parallel anaysis and modeling of all refraction microtremor data. John Louie will conduct and
supervise modeling activities:
a) Each station's microtremor data is wavefield-transformed to slowness-frequency space.
b) Rayleigh-wave dispersion is identified in slowness-frequency space, and a fundamental mode
dispersion curve is picked for each station.
c) The dispersion curve is modeled (by Louie) or inverted (by Pullammappallil), producing a
shear-velocity-vs.-depth profile for each station. The modeling also produces assessments of
depth of constraint, interface depths, and velocity-depth tradeoffs. Inversions will produce
assessments of velocity uncertainties at different depths.
d) All dispersion data and velocity profiles will be posted on the Vs archive web site
http://www.seismo.unr.edu/vs/archive in the standard formats.
e) Vs30 and Vs100 summary data are generated for each station from the modeled profiles, and
posted on the web site as well. Refraction microtremor arrays only 200 m long produced
reliable Vs30 and Vs100 estimates in blind tests at deep borehole sites in Santa Clara Valley,
Calif. (Stephenson et al., 2005).
f) For the selected deeper-basin sites in the San Bernardino and Riverside region, the longerarray recordings will be analyzed and inverted for checks on Vs100, and for Z1.0 and Z1.5.
Shallower-basin and bedrock sites should yield Z1.0 and Z1.5 from the Optim recordings.
g) Measurement results will be communicated by UNR at SCEC meetings, at AGU and/or SSA
meetings, and in peer-reviewed journals.
3. Compare velocity profiles and Vs30 values with projected values for geologic units. Geologic
analyses, grouping of units, and map assembly will be done by Chris Wills:
13
a) Determine the geologic unit from recent detailed geologic maps and generalized units as
developed by Wills and Silva (1998) and refined for the NGA project by Wills and others
(2006).
b) Compare the measured Vs30 and profile with Vs30 distribution and composite profile for the
generalized geologic unit. Since Vs(z) profiles are being compared rather than simply Vs30
values, this operation requires the experience and judgment to classify and recognize type
profiles.
c) For sites where the measured profile does not correspond with the expected values for the
generalized geologic unit, carefully review the geologic mapping in the area of the profile,
and the geologic materials described in logs for the generalized unit to determine what
physical properties of the geologic units lead to the differences in Vs and how different
groupings of detailed geologic units into generalized geologic units could lead to generalized
geologic units with narrower ranges of Vs. Based on the results of Louie’s 2003-2005
measurement campaigns, we expect that this review will have to be undertaken for a large
proportion of the fifty sites, probably more than twenty.
d) Refine the "site conditions map" to reflect the current interpretation of units that should be
grouped into generalized units with similar Vs.
e) Chris Wills and CGS staff will report comparisons and map results at NGA meetings and
professional confeences.
REFERENCES
Abrahamson, N.A. and W.J. Silva (1997). Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow
crustal earthquakes, Seis. Res. Letts., v. 68, no.1, pp. 94-127.
Boore, D.M., W.B. Joyner, and T.E. Fumal (1997). Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra
and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work,
Seism. Res. Letts ., v. 68, pp.128-153.
Building Seismic Safety Council, BSSC (1994), NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings, Part1 – Provisions, Federal Emergency Management Agency,
Washington D.C., FEMA 222A.
Building Seismic Safety Council, BSSC (1997), NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings and other Structures, Part1 – Provisions, Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington D.C., FEMA 302.
Campbell, K.W.and Y. Bozorgnia (2003). Updated near-source ground motion attenuation relations for
the horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration and acceleration response
spectra, Bull .Seism. Soc. Am., 93, pp.314-331.
Choi, Y. and J. Stewart (2003). Nonlinear site amplification as function of 30 m shear wave velocity,
submitted to Earthquake Spectra.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (2000). HAZUS99 average annual earthquake losses for the
United States.
Field, E.H. (2000), A modified ground motion attenuation relationship for southern California the
accounts for detailed site classification and a basin depth effect, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, S209S221.
Louie, J. N. (2001), Faster, better: Shear-wave velocity to 100 meters depth from refraction microtremor
arrays, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 91, 347-364.
Park, S., and Elrick, S. (1998), Predictions of shear-wave velocities in southern California using surface
geology, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 88, 677-685.
Pei, Don, John N. Louie, and Satish Pullammanappallil, 2005a, 1-D inversion of shallow surface-wave
dispersion curves using a simulated annealing optimization method: short paper in Expanded
14
Abstracts, Soc. of Explor. Geophys. 75th Annual Internat. Meeting, Nov. 6-11, Houston, Texas, 4
pp.
Pei, D., S. Pullammanappallil, and J. Louie, 2005b, Adaptive simulated annealing velocity modeling for
Rayleigh wave dispersion: Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract NG43A-0563.
Pei, Donghong, Satish Pullammanappallil, and John Louie, 2006, Adaptive simulated-annealing velocity
modeling for Rayleigh surface-wave inversion: Proceedings of the Managing Risk in Earthquake
Country Conference Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the 1906 Earthquake, April 18 22, San Francisco, Calif., 10 pp.
Rowshandel, B., M. Reichle, C. Wills, T. Cao, D. Branum, and J. Davis (2003), Estimation of Future
Earthquake Losses in California (see CGS website).
Sadigh, K., C.Y. Chang, J. Egan, F. Makdisi, and R. Youngs (1997). Attenuation relationships for shallow
crustal earthquakes based on California strong motion data, Seism. Res. Letts ., v. 68, pp. 180-189.
Scott, J. B., M. Clark, T. Rennie, A. Pancha, H. Park and J. N. Louie, 2004, A shallow shear-wave
velocity transect across the Reno, Nevada area basin: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 94, no. 6 (Dec.),
2222-2228.
Scott, J. B., T. Rasmussen, B. Luke, W. Taylor, J. L. Wagoner, S. B. Smith, and J. N. Louie, 2006 in
press, Shallow shear velocity and seismic microzonation of the urban Las Vegas, Nevada basin:
Bull.
Seismol.
Soc.
Amer.,
96,
no.
3
(June).
(On
line
at
www.seismo.unr.edu/hazsurv/2005044_Scott-pp.pdf)
Stephenson, W. J., J. N. Louie, S. Pullammanappallil, R. A. Williams, and J. K. Odum, 2005, Blind shearwave velocity comparison of ReMi and MASW results with boreholes to 200 m in Santa Clara
Valley: Implications for earthquake ground motion assessment: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 95, no.
6 (Dec.), 2506-2516.
Thelen, W. A., M. Clark, C. T. Lopez, C. Loughner, H. Park, J. B. Scott, S. B. Smith, B. Greschke, and J.
N. Louie, 2006 in press, A transect of 200 shallow shear velocity profiles across the Los Angeles
Basin:
Bull.
Seismol.
Soc.
Amer.,
96,
no.
3
(June).
(On
line
at
www.seismo.unr.edu/hazsurv/thelen-et-al-pp.pdf)
Tinsley, J. C., and Fumal, T. E. (1985), Mapping Quaternary sedimentary deposits for areal variations in
shaking response: in Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region—An Earth
Science Perspective, Ziony, J. I. (Editor), U. S. Geol. Surv. Profess. Pap. 1360, 101-126.
Wald, Lisa A., and Mori, Jim (2000), Evaluation of methods for estimating linear site-response
amplifications in the Los Angeles region, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, no. 6B, S32-S41.
Wills,C.J. and Clahan, K.B., 2006, Developing a map of geologically defined site-conditions categories
for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, accepted for publication,
anticipated publication in August 2006 issue.
Wills, C.J. and K. B. Clahan, 2004, NGA: Site condition metadata from geology: PACIFIC
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER Project 1L05.
Wills, C., M. Petersen, W. Bryant, M. Reichle, G. Saucedo, S. Tan, G. Taylor, and J. Treiman (2000), A
site-condition map for California based on geology and shear-wave velocity, Bull. Seism. Soc.
Am. 90, S187-S208.
Wills, C.J. and Silva, W., 1998, Shear wave velocity characteristics of geologic units in California:
Earthquake Spectra, v. 14, p. 533-556.
FINAL REPORT AND DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS
All reports requested and required by the USGS will be submitted in a prompt and timely
manner and the results of the research will be published in a professional journal. Co-PI Louie
will post all data and results on the archive www.seismo.unr.edu/vs/archive and co-PI Wills will
present geological results to Next Generation Attenuation project meetings.
15
PROJECT PERSONNEL
This study will be conducted by co-principal investigators Chris Wills, Supervising
Geologist at the California Geological Survey; and John Louie, Associate Professor of
Seismology, at the University of Nevada, Reno.
Biographical Sketch of John N. Louie
Seismological Laboratory 174, Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering
The University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0141
(775) 784-4219; fax (775) 784-1833; louie@seismo.unr.edu
Professional Experience
Professor of Seismology, Seismological Laboratory and Department of Geological Sciences and
Engineering, The University of Nevada, Reno; promoted July 2006; Assoc. since 1992.
Responsibilities include undergraduate and graduate instruction, supervision of M.S. and Ph.D.
degree candidates, and conducting a research program in seismology.
Assistant Professor of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Penna.; Sept.
1987 to Jan. 1992.
Recent Graduate Theses Directed
M.S. Thesis in Hydrogeology by Matthew Clark on ``Hydrologic and geophysical investigation
of a fault as a hydrologic barrier in Reno, Nevada'' defended on 26 Oct. 2005.
Ph.D. Thesis in Geophysics by Robert E. Abbott on ``Geophysical constraints on seismic hazard
and tectonics in the western Basin and Range'' defended on 23 Aug. 2001.
Ph.D. Thesis in Geophysics by Abu M. Asad on ``Linearized and nonlinear travel time
tomography for upper crustal velocity structure of the western Great Basin'' defended on 23 Jan. 1998.
M.S. Thesis in Hydrogeology by Ken Mela on ``Interpretation of stochastic hydrogeologic
properties from seismic data'' defended on 14 Nov. 1997.
Ph.D. Thesis in Geophysics by Sergio Chavez-Perez on ``Enhanced imaging of fault zones in
southern California from seismic reflection studies'' defended on 4 Aug. 1997.
Selected Recent Sponsored Research
Developing a Wellington community earthquake hazard modeling environment, Fulbright Senior
Scholar Award to New Zealand, US Dept. of State, 2/2006-7/2006, sabbatical support.
Improving next-generation attenuation models with shear-velocity measurements at all TriNet
and strong-motion stations in LA, sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey under contract
05HQGR0078, 2/2005 – 1/2006 for $54,000.
3-D Evaluation of Ground-Shaking Potential in the Las Vegas Basin, sponsored by the U.S. Dept.
of Energy/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 5/2002 - 9/2005 for $330,000 between 2 PIs.
Assembly of a crustal seismic velocity database for the Western Great Basin, sponsored by the
U.S. Dept. of Energy/Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy 4/2002-9/2006 for $302,668.
Improving southern California seismic hazard models with a 45-km shear-velocity profile along
the San Gabriel River, sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey under contract 03HQGR0068, 2/1/2003 1/31/2004 for $52,000 between 2 PIs.
Establishment of a Center for Computational Geosciences, sponsored by the Nevada Applied
Research Initiative and Optim LLC 5/2002 - 5/2003 for $50,000.
Evolution of the Sierra Nevada - Basin and Range boundary — tephrochronologic and gravity
constraints on the record in Neogene basin deposits, sponsored by the National Science Foundation
6/2000-5/2002 for $55,182 between 3 PIs.
16
Graduate Education
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. Degrees: Ph.D. Geophysics, June, 1987; M.S.
Geophysics, June, 1983.
Relevant Publications
W. A. Thelen, M. Clark, C. T. Lopez, C. Loughner, H. Park, J. B. Scott, S. B. Smith, B. Greschke, and J.
N. Louie, 2006 in press, A transect of 200 shallow shear velocity profiles across the Los Angeles
Basin: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 96, no. 3 (June). (On line at www.seismo.unr.edu/hazsurv/thelen-etal-pp.pdf)
J. B. Scott, T. Rasmussen, B. Luke, W. Taylor, J. L. Wagoner, S. B. Smith, and J. N. Louie, 2006 in
press, Shallow shear velocity and seismic microzonation of the urban Las Vegas, Nevada basin: Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Amer., 96, no. 3 (June). (On line at www.seismo.unr.edu/hazsurv/2005044_Scott-pp.pdf)
W. J. Stephenson, J. N. Louie, S. Pullammanappallil, R. A. Williams, and J. K. Odum, 2005, Blind shearwave velocity comparison of ReMi and MASW results with boreholes to 200 m in Santa Clara Valley:
Implications for earthquake ground motion assessment: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 95, no. 6 (Dec.),
2506-2516.
J. B. Scott, M. Clark, T. Rennie, A. Pancha, H. Park and J. N. Louie, 2004, A shallow shear-velocity
transect across the Reno, Nevada area basin: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 94, no. 6 (Dec.), 2222-2228.
A. Pancha, J. G. Anderson, J. N. Louie, A. Anooshehpoor, and G. Biasi, 2004, Data and simulation of
ground motion for Reno, Nevada: presented at 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering,
Vancouver,
B.C.,
Aug.
1-6,
paper
no.
3452.
(On
line
at
www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/papers/pancha-etal-13wcee.pdf)
Other Important Publications
J. N. Louie, W. Thelen, S. B. Smith, J. B. Scott, M. Clark, 2004, The northern Walker Lane refraction
experiment: Pn arrivals and the northern Sierra Nevada root: Tectonophysics, 388, no. 1-4, 253-269.
(On line at www.seismo.unr.edu/geothermal/walker.html)
J. N. Louie, S. Chavez-Perez, S. Henrys, and S. Bannister, 2002, Multimode migration of scattered and
converted waves for the structure of the Hikurangi slab interface, New Zealand: Tectonophysics, 355
(1-4), 227-246.
R. E. Abbott, J. N. Louie, S. J. Caskey, and S. Pullammanappallil, 2001, Geophysical confirmation of
low-angle normal slip on the historically active Dixie Valley fault, Nevada: Jour. Geophys. Res., 106,
4169-4181.
J. N. Louie, 2001, Faster, better: shear-wave velocity to 100 meters depth from refraction microtremor
arrays: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 91, no. 2 (April), 347-364.
R. E. Abbott and J. N. Louie, 2000, Depth to bedrock using gravimetry in the Reno and Carson City,
Nevada area basins: Geophysics, 65, 340-350.
Synergistic Activities
JRG, an open-source, menu-driven seismic processing package: www.seismo.unr.edu/jrg .
ModelAssembler, velocity gridding for the Great Basin: www.seismo.unr.edu/geothermal/#ma .
Applied
Geophysics
course
with
1-week
field
camp
and
on-line
exercises:
www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/492-syll.html .
Service on IRIS Standing Comm. managing the PASSCAL nat’l facility, Dec. 2000–Dec. 2003.
17
Relevant experience of CHRIS WILLS
California Geological Survey
Education
M.S.- Geology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
B.S.- Geology, University of Southern California
Professional Experience:
2001-present: Supervising Geologist, California Geological Survey. Supervised and managed the
Regional Geologic Hazards Mapping Program including technical oversight, budgets, project planning
and personnel matters for Regional Geologic and hazards Mapping Program. Continued technical
investigations in landslide hazard mapping, fault rupture hazards and correlations of geologic units with
seismic amplification.
1998-2002: Senior Engineering Geologist. California Geological Survey: Developed project to prepare
landslide maps for Caltrans. Initiated project to test LiDAR for landslide mapping. Completed project to
correlate geologic units with shear-wave velocity, resulting in statewide site conditions map (Wills and
others, 2000). Prepared detailed map of Quaternary deposits of the San Fernando Valley and description
of their engineering properties (Hitchcock and Wills. 2000; Wills and Hitchcock, 1999).
Selected Publications
Wills,C.J. and Clahan, K.B., 2006, Developing a map of geologically defined site-conditions categories
for California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, accepted for publication, anticipated
publication in August 2006 issue.
Zoback, M.L., K. Miller, J. Fenton, C. Wills, B. Rowshandel, J. Perkins, 2003, Earthquake Loss
Estimates for the San Francisco Bay Area: The Top Ten Likely Major Events In The Next Thirty Years:
In Proceedings of Disaster Resistant California Conference, San Jose Ca, p.
Field, E.H., and the SCEC Phase III working group, 2000, Accounting for site effects in probabilistic
seismic hazard analyses of southern California: overview of the SCEC phase III report: Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 6b, p S1-S31.
Hitchcock, C.S. and Wills, C.J., 2000, Quaternary Geology of the San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles
County, California: Division of Mines and Geology Map Sheet 50, scale 1:48,000.
Wills, C.J., Petersen, M.D., Bryant, W.A., Reichle, M.S., Saucedo, G.J., Tan, S.S, Taylor, G.C, and
Treiman J.A., 2000, A site conditions map for California based on geology and shear wave velocity:
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 6b, p S187-S208.
Wills, C.J., and Hitchcock, C.S., 1999, Late Quaternary Sedimentation and Liquefaction Hazard in the
San Fernando Valley Los Angeles County, California: Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, v. 5,
p. 419-439.
Petersen, M., Beeby, D., Bryant, W., Cao, T., Cramer, C., Davis, J., Reichle, M., Saucedo, G., Tan S.,
Taylor, G., Toppozada, T., Treiman, J., and Wills, C., 1999, Seismic Shaking Hazard Maps of California:
Division of Mines and Geology Map Sheet 48.
18
Institutional Qualifications– UNR
As one of the statewide research agencies of the University of Nevada, the Seismological
Laboratory is headed by a Director (J. Anderson) who reports to the Dean of the College of Science. The
Lab's current research staff consists of nine professional seismologists. Other professionals include a
Research and Design Engineer. Technical staff members include two seismographic technicians, one
record analyst, 2.0 FTE of computer systems personnel, and six graduate research assistants. The
Seismological Laboratory operates the Western Great Basin Seismic Network (USGS Funding; digital
upgrades provided by the W.M. Keck Foundation) and the Yucca Mountain Digital Seismic Network
(DOE-HRC Funding). These networks now include more than four dozen state-of-the-art high-dynamicrange real-time digital stations. Twenty-four ANSS strong-motion stations have been established as well
in the Reno, Carson, and Las Vegas urban areas. Earthquake data are manipulated using the Antelope and
CSS database systems developed by BRTT, allowing us to interchange both real-time and archived
catalog and seismogram data with the CISN, Oregon, Arizona, and Utah seismic networks through data
centers at Caltech, Menlo Park, Berkeley, San Diego, and Salt Lake City, as well as with the Earthscope
observatory. Much of the high-dynamic-range digital station data are archived in real time at the IRIS
Data Management Center.
In partnership with the Nevada Applied Research Initiative, Lawrence Livermore National Lab,
and Optim LLC, the Seismo Lab established the Collaboratory for Computational Geosciences (CCoG;
www.seismo.unr.edu/ccog) facility in October 2002, a 30-CPU Beowulf parallel processor with 60-Gbyte
RAM. CCoG is primarily dedicated to seismogram inversion and modeling, and runs Larsen’s E3D
viscoelastic seismic modeling code from LLNL through the aces.dri.edu Nevada Environmental
Computing Grid web portal.
Additional computer hardware consists of four Sun servers and twenty Sun workstations with
speeds up to 1 GHz, ten Pentium II-IV and AMD Athlon UNIX workstations, and numerous PCs and
Macintoshes. These processors are used mainly for research applications and provide a basis for analysis
of the accumulating network data base. One of the servers hosts the Lab's web site www.seismo.unr.edu,
which is one of the University's most popular public outreach programs at 30,000-300,000 hits per day.
Seismic reflection data sets are processed both with John Louie's open-source JRG system for research
(www.seismo.unr.edu/jrg), and with the industry-standard Halliburton ProMAX system.
Additional equipment is available for field work and special investigations. The Dept. of Energy
funded in 2002 a new crustal seismic surveying facility in the Lab, of 21 Reftek RT-125 "Texan" singlechannel recorders, with 4.5-Hz vertical single phones and auxiliary equipment. The W. M. Keck
Foundation donated in 1995 a 48-channel, Pentium-based Bison Galileo-21 reflection-refraction
recording system, with 700 m cables for 8-Hz refraction geophones; and a high-resolution 210 m
segmented roll-along cable with 48 groups of six 100-Hz geophones each. The College maintains as well
a Lacoste and Romberg Model G gravimeter with 0.04 mGal demonstrated precision, a Trimble GeoXT
handheld geodetic GPS, and three Trimble 4000SSi, geodetic GPS receivers. The College also uses field
magnetometers and EM gear donated by the mining industry.
The University is wired for 100 Mbps full-duplex ethernet, with high-speed gigabit connections
available to all servers. All buildings on campus connect via a gigabit fiber network, which has a fiber
connection at 155 Mbps to the nearest CALREN/vBNS/Abilene gigaPoP at U.C. Davis, and a 655 Mbps
connection to Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, and CALREN at UCSD in southern California.
INSTITUTIONAL QUALIFICATIONS- CGS
The California Geological Survey has extensive experience in preparing geological maps and derivative
maps based on the physical characteristics of geologic units. CGS geologic maps have formed the basis of
the fault map and database used in the 1996 and 2002 USGS/CGS seismic shaking hazard maps. CGS
prepared the “preliminary site conditions map of California” from geologic maps prepared by CGS. We
have worked cooperatively with USGS to complete updated geologic maps in the Los Angeles and San
19
Francisco Bay area, and to use the properties of the unit on those maps in calculating the potential for
liquefaction and seismically induced landslide hazards. The computing facilities of CGS have been used
for the hazard map calculations and will be available for the proposed studies.
Project Management Plan
The project is projected to last one year. PI Chris Wills will be conducting geologic analyses and
Dr. John Louie will be supervising the geophysical measurement and data-analysis campaign.
Both PIs will be jointly responsible for the completion of the project and submittal of required
reports.
Current Support and Pending Applications — John N. Louie
Current:
Dept. of Energy/Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe: Geothermal assessment of Pyramid Lake Paiute
Reservation- Phase 2 Task A- Structural controls and regional synthesis, $35,959,
10/25/2004–6/1/2006, Faulds, Louie (0.25 summer month total).
SCEC/NSF: Site-condition measurements at precariously balanced rocks constraining ruptures
on the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults, $7999, 2/1/2005 – 9/30/2006, Louie (0.05 summer
month), Brune, Anooshehpoor.
Dept. of Energy/Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy: Continued implementation of a
database of crustal geophysical controls on geothermal resource assessment, $81,211,
7/1/2005–9/30/2007, Louie (0.1 summer month).
Dept. of State/Fulbright New Zealand: Developing a Wellington Community Seismic-Hazard
Modeling Environment, Fulbright All Disciplines Partial Maintenance Research Award
#5146 to New Zealand, 2/1/2006-7/31/2006, Louie (sabbatical leave support).
Pending:
USGS-NEHRP: Improving Reno hazard maps with 3-d scenario modeling and existing ANSS
site assessments, $45,096, 1/1/2007 – 12/31/2007, Louie (0.2 summer month).
USGS-NEHRP: Collaborative research with CGS: Improving hazard maps and NGA models
with Vs measurements at 50 CISN stations in San Bernardino and Riverside, $73,299,
1/1/2007 – 12/31/2007, Louie (0.25 summer month).
Current Support and Pending Applications —Chris Wills
USGS-StateMap: New Geologic Mapping and Digital Compilation in California, 7/1/06-6/31/07,
$210,217.00 C. Wills, 1.0 months.
Pending:
USGS-NEHRP: Investigation of geographic rules for improving site-conditions mapping,
1/1/2007-12/31/2007, $41,698.00 C. Wills, 1.5 months.
20