Practice Test: Kinetic Theory of Matter
You probably want to put the following equations on your 3  5 note card:
Work = Force  Distance
(f  d)input = (f  d)output
P.E. = Weight  Height
IMA =
effort distance
resistance distance
K.E = ½ Mass  Velocity 2
AMA = resistance force
effort force
q = m  t  Cp
1.
2.
Identify each of the following as an example of the 1 st or 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
a) balls don’t bounce higher than they were dropped ___________
b) unless you add energy to it, your room will always get more and more messy _________
c) balls never even bounce as high as they were dropped _________
Match the example on the left with the energy transformation on the right
_______The snapping of a mouse trap
_______An apple ripening on the tree
_______A person running
a) chemical potential energy  kinetic energy
b) mechanical potential energy  kinetic energy
c) light  chemical potential energy
3.
What kind of energy (kinetic, potential, or heat) does a rock gain when
a) it is dragged across the sand ______________________
b) it is lifted up by a crane ___________________________
c) it is dropped from a crane ________________________
4.
If a 66 kg person is running at a velocity of 7.8 m/s, how much kinetic energy does their body have?
5.
A battery converts 17,000 J of chemical potential energy into gravitational potential energy by
powering a crane that lifts a boulder 12 meters into the air. How much does the boulder weigh?
6.
Simple machines make work easier by letting you to trade ________________ for _______________
7. How much force would the person above need to push in order to lift the weight shown?
8. What is the IMA of the machine?
9. If the person had to push with 95 N of force to move the rock, what is the AMA of the machine?
10.
A pulley system with an IMA of 4.0, and you pulled 22 meters of rope through it, how far would it
lift a box?
11.
If the person in the diagram above was using 26 N of force to pull the crate of the ramp, and the crate
weighed 120 N, what is the length of the ramp surface?
For 12 – 16 choose your answers from the following list:
temperature, heat, internal energy, calorie, specific heat capacity, heat of fusion
12. The energy that flows between objects because of temperature differences _______________
13. The energy needed to raise 1 g of any substance by 1C _____________________
14. The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C _____________________
15. The total potential and kinetic energy of the atomic particles in a substance _______________
16. The average kinetic energy of the atomic particles in a substance _______________________
The graph above shows the change in temperature as a 44g sample of Substance X is heated, use it to
answer questions 17 - 24
17. Is “Substance X” a solid, liquid, or gas at 50 oC? ______________
18. What is the boiling point of “Substance X”? __________________
19. How many calories of energy did the melting process for this sample require?
20. At what temperature does this substance melt? _____________
What kind of energy (kinetic or potential) were the atoms in this sample gaining
21. Between point B and point C?
22. Between point C and point D?
23. Does this substance absorb or release energy as it melts?
24. What is the heat of vaporization of “Substance X”? ____________
25. The heat of fusion for Sulfur is 12.7 cal/g. What does this tell you about Sulfur?
26. A 100g piece of lead releases 60 calories of energy when it is placed in an ice bath and
cools from 20oC to 0 oC. What it the specific heat of lead?
27. A typical living room has about 132,000g of air in it. The specific heat capacity of air is
0.237 cal/g oC. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of the room from
15 oC to 20 oC?
28. Two identical pans are placed on identical burners. One pan contains 100g of oil, and the
other contains 100g of water. After both pans are heated for 5 minutes, the oil ends up at a
temperature of 234 oC, but the water is only 47 oC. Why is this?
29. What chemical do most scientists think is responsible for global warming?
30. What human activity puts this chemical into the atmosphere?
31. Explain why fossil fuels can be considered a form of solar energy.
32. Identify a source of energy that isn’t a fossil fuel, and give at least one benefit and one
drawback to using it as a major supply of energy in our society.
33. Explain how a planet and the sun can be in thermal equilibrium. Then describe how the
system could be moved out of equilibrium.
Answers:
1. a) 1st b) 2nd c) 2nd
2. B C A
3. a) heat b) potential c) kinetic
4. 2000 J
5. 1,400 N
6. force for distance
7. 85 N
8. 4.2
9. 3.8
10. 5.5 m
11. 10 m
12. heat
13. specific heat capacity
14. calorie
15. internal energy
16. temperature
17. solid
18. 80 oC
19. 50 calories
20. 60 oC
21. kinetic
22. potential
23. absorb
24. 6.8 calories/g (300 cal  44g)
25. it takes 12.7 calories of heat energy to get one gram of it to melt
26. .03 cal/g oC
27. 156,000 calories
28. water has a higher Cp, so it is harder to warm up
29. CO2
30. burning anything, especially fossil fuels
31. the plants from which fossil fuels were made got their energy from sunlight
32. (answers will vary)
33. in equilibrium, the amount of energy reaching the planet in the form of visible light
equals the amount of energy leaving the planet in the form of infra red light. If the
star gave off more energy, the system would be moved out of equilibrium, and the
planet would get hotter