ACADEMIC Biology Final Exam & Keystone Review Sheet
To access your understanding of Biology you will participate in two formal assessments. The
Biology Keystone Exam given by the state of Pennsylvania and the Final Exam given by
Central Bucks School District. Both tests will require preparation. The Keystone exam will be
given in a few weeks before the end of the semester in class. It consists of two parts. Each part
includes multiple choice and essay questions. The final exam will occur in the last week of the
semester. It consists of 50 multiple choice questions. The exam makes up 10% of your overall
grade.
The study guide below is designed to help you prepare for both of these assessments. It is very
important that you take them seriously! Studying is not an option, it is required. On each due
date you must have completed: (1) detailed answers to the study guide questions (they do not
have to be in sentences, just detailed, and they must be on a separate sheet of paper), and/or (2)
the Quia quiz(zes). Each Quia quiz will be recorded as a formative grade. You may take the
quizzes as many times as you like.
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1
2
Study Guide
Section
Cell Physiology
Cell Energy
3 Molecules of Life
4
Genetics
Quia Quiz
Keystone: Cell Physiology Review
Quiz
Keystone: Cell Energy Review Quiz
Keystone: Biochemistry Review Quiz
6
Ecology and
Evolution
Embryology
Keystone: Genetics Review Quiz
Keystone: Evolution Review Quiz &
Keystone: Ecology Review Quiz
No Quia Quiz
7
Microbiology
No Quia Quiz
5
Due Date
Cell Physiology
1. Make a Venn diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Provide at least 6
pieces of information in the diagram. Give an example of each.
2. What is the function of each of the following organelles?
a. Nucleus**
e. Chloroplasts**
b. Plasma Membrane**
f. Vacuoles**
c. Ribosomes
g. Cell wall
d. Mitochondrion
**Be able to identify/label these organelles in a plant or animal cell.
3. What organelles listed in #52 are found in most prokaryotic cells?
4. What organelles are present in a plant cell that are absent in an animal cell?
5. What are the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?
6. Create a table comparing active and passive transport. Include the following information:
1) what direction is the concentration gradient? 2) Is energy required? 3) what is the goal
of this process? 4) what are the examples?
7. Draw a phospholipid bilayer (include 8 phospholipids total) and label the hydrophilic and
hydrophobic regions. Which area(s) would be exposed to water?
8. Draw an example and describe what would happen in cells of the following solutions:
hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic.
a. What type of passive transport is occurring in these examples?
b. What is moving in and out of the cell in each of these 3 scenarios?
9. What is the meaning of homeostasis?
Cell Energy (photosynthesis and respiration):
10.Draw the structure of ATP and ADP and label the parts. What is the difference in
structure between these two molecules? Which one is higher in energy?
11.Compare and contrast the chloroplast and mitochondrion. (What types of organisms
contain each? Single or double membrane? What is its function – what process occurs
here?)
12.How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis similar? Different?
Molecules of Life (biochemistry)
13.What element is the basis for organic chemistry?
14.Make a table that lists the follow organic compound and identifies: 1) monomers, 2)
polymers, and 3) major function(s) in the body. In doing so include the following
vocabulary: Cellulose, Polypeptide, Polysaccharide, Glycerol and fatty acids, Starch,
Phospholipids, Glucose, and Simple sugars
a. Carbohydrate b. Lipids
d. Nucleic acids
s
c. Proteins
15.Draw water. Label the elements and charges that make up water.
16.Explain the difference between polar and non-polar molecules. Include the terms
hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Also include at least one example of a polar and non-polar
molecule.
17.Explain acids and bases using the pH scale.
18.What is the function of enzymes? List some specific names of enzymes – what do the
names have in common?
19.Define a catalyst.
Genetics (includes information from: cell division, DNA & protein synthesis, and genetics
unit)
20.Describe the shape and composition of a DNA molecule.
21.What are the complementary base pair rules for DNA to DNA? How are complementary
bases bonded?
22.What is a codon? What does it code for? How many letters make up each codon?
23.If you were given the following mRNA sequence (UUC GUU GGA ACC), what would
be the amino acid sequence and DNA template? (use the genetic
code provided here)
24.What is the difference between a gene and chromosome mutation?
25.Define substitution, deletion and insertion mutations.
26.Describe transcription and translation. Where does each step
occur?
27.Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
a. Include general drawings of each type of cell division using
4 chromosomes.
b. What must occur prior to the cells dividing?
c. If a cell starts with 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would
there be after mitosis? After meiosis?
28.Define the following terms:
a. Genotype
d. Heterozygous
Be
careful
to
answer
with
b. Phenotype
e. Dominant
what they are asking for!
c. Homozygous
f. Recessive
29.How are the following words related? DNA, gene, RNA, protein, trait
30.Complete the following genetics crosses:
a. Monohybrid Heterozygote Parents (Tt x Tt)
b. Determine the parents genotypes and perform a punnett square for the following
problem. Blonde hair is dominant to brown. Two parents are mated one with
blonde hair and one with brown, and some of their children end up with blonde and
some with brown.
c. Dihybrid Heterozygote Parents (TtYy x TtYy)
d. A colorblind male with a female carrier. (Hint: colorblindness is x linked
recessive)
e. A Red snapdragon with a pink snapdragon. (Hint: RR = red, rr = white, Rr = pink
is the heterozygote showing incomplete dominance.)
Ecology (only on the Keystone Exam)
31.Differentiate between: organism, population, community, ecosystem and biosphere.
32.What is the difference between a biotic and abiotic factor?
33.Why does the amount of energy available to organisms decrease as you move up the
energy pyramid?
34.What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
35.Define the following terms: predation, symbiosis, parasitism, mutualism, and
commensalism.
36.What is ecological succession?
Evolution (only on the Keystone Exam)
37.What is natural selection?
38.How does natural selection impact allele frequency?
39.New species are formed by genetic drift.
a. What is genetic drift?
b. What is the founder effect?
c. Differentiate between the following types of isolation: Geographic, Habitat,
Mechanical, Behavioral, Gametic, Temporal, and Reproductive
40.What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
41.List 4 pieces of evidence for evolution.
Embryology (only on the Final Exam)
42.What is the benefit of sexual reproduction?
43.What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells? Classify somatic cells and
gametes as each of these.
44.If a skin cell of an animal had 52 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be in an
egg cell from this species?
45.What is a karyotype? How can you tell a female from a male?
46.What is nondisjunction?
a. What is another name for down syndrome? Describe what the karyotype would
look like.
47.Place the following words in chronological order & then define them:
a. Fertilization
e. Implantation
i. Embryo
b. Blastula
f. Morula
j. Fetus
c. Gastrula
g. Cleavage
d. Zygote
h. Gastrulation
48.What are stem cells?
49.What is differentiation?
50.What is the role of the placenta?
Microbiology (only on the Final Exam)
51.Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses. What do they have in common? What are
differences between them?
52.How do some bacteria help humans?
53.What are antibiotics? What are they used to treat?
54.What is antibiotic resistance? How/why does it occur?
55.Why do you have to get some vaccines every year instead of only once?
56.Describe the structure of a virus. What are the 2 main parts?
57.What is a retrovirus?