AP Biology Chapter 7 Worksheet
Part A
1. Explain how the following work:
- light microscope
- electron microscope
- transmission electron microscopes
- scanning electron microscopes
2. Explain what is meant by cell fractionation
3. Explain what cytology is.
Part B
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Explain what the plasma membrane is and what the fluid inside it is called.
Explain the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.
Explain what cytoplasm is.
Explain what limits the size a cell can attain.
Explain the function of the plasma membrane.
Give the 3 functions of internal membranes in a cell.
Give the general structure of a biological membrane.
Make sure you can differentiate between a plant and an animal cell diagram and
locate each of the organelles within each cell.
Part C
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Is the nucleus the only place where genes are located? Explain
Explain how molecules get in and out of the nucleus.
Explain what the nuclear lamina are and what they do.
Explain the difference between chromatin and chromosomes.
Explain what the nucleolus is and what it does.
Explain the function of mRNA.
What is contained within a ribosome and what do ribosomes do?
Give 3 types and locations for ribosomes in the human body.
Part D
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Explain what makes up the endomembrane system and what it does.
Explain what a vesicle is and what it does.
Explain the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Differentiate smooth from rough ER structurally.
Give the main functions of smooth ER.
Give the main function of the enzymes in muscle cells.
Give the main function of rough ER.
Explain what a glycoprotein is.
Explain what a transport vesicle is.
10. Explain the main functions of the Golgi apparatus. (at least 3)
11. Explain the structure of the Golgi apparatus.
12. Contrast the functions of the cis and trans sides of the Golgi apparatus.
13. Explain what happens to products as they travel from the cis to the trans side of
the Golgi.
14. Explain the basic structure and functions of the lysosomes.
15. Explain how lysosomes are manufactured.
16. Explain what is meant by phagocytosis.
17. Explain the lysosomes role in the programmed destruction of a cell.
18. Which diseases affect lysosomes?
19. Contrast the functions of the three kinds of vacuoles.
20. Explain what a tonoplast is and what it does.
21. What is the function of the endomembrane system?
Part E
1. Where are the mitochondria located in the cell and what do they do?
2. Where are the chloroplasts located in the cell and what do they do?
3. Where do the proteins come from that make up the mitochondria and
chloroplasts?
4. What directs the functions of these 2 organelles?
5. What determines the number of mitochondria a cell may have?
6. Give the structure and function of the cristae.
7. What is the purpose of the mitochondrial matrix?
8. Explain what a plastid is and give 2 examples.
9. What is the stroma and what do they do?
10. Explain what a thylakoid is and what it does.
11. Explain what grana are and what they do.
12. Do mitochondria and chloroplasts move? Explain
13. Give at least 3 functions of the peroxisome.
Part F
1. Explain what the cytoskeleton is and what it does.
2. Give a couple of specific functions of the cytoskeleton.
3. Give the 3 main types of fibers in the cytoskeleton and their main functions.
4. Explain what a centrosome is.
5. What do centrioles do?
6. Explain the functions of the cilia and flagella.
7. Explain the basic functions of the flagella and cilia.
8. Explain what a basal body is.
9. What is dynein and what does it do?
10. Describe the structure and function of actin.
11. Describe the structure and function of myosin.
12. Explain what a pseudopodia is and what it does.
13. What is cytoplasmic streaming and why is it necessary?
14. Explain what intermediate filaments are and what they do.
Part G
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Give the functions of the cell wall.
What is the basic design of the cell wall?
What is ECM and what is it’s function?
What is ECM made of?
What is the function of integrins?
Explain how the ECM regulates cell behavior.
Explain what a plasmodesmata channel is and what it does.
Give the 3 main types of intercellular links in animals and what they do.