Delegates Manual Module 1
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AIDS TRAINING
(DELEGATE MANUAL)
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Delegates Manual Module 1
CONTENTS
MODULE 1
1.1
What is AIDS?
1.2
How do you get AIDS?
1.3
How do I find out if I have Aids?
MODULE 2
2.1
Aids and relationships
2.2
How to prevent AIDS
2.3
Sexually transmitted diseases
MODULE 3
3.1
Why is AIDS spreading so fast?
3.2
Children with AIDS
3.3
Physical signs of AIDS
3.4
Impact of AIDS
3.5
Care and support of people with AIDS
3.6
Wrong ideas about AIDS
3.7
List of places to help you
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MODULE 1
MODULE HIGHLIGHTS
WHAT IS AIDS?
 What is this disease called AIDS?
 How does AIDS make you sick?
 What is HIV Negative and HIV Positive?
HOW DO YOU GET AIDS?
 How is AIDS passed on?
 How AIDS is not spread
HOW DO I FIND OUT IF I HAVE AIDS?
 How do I know if I have the HIV virus?
 What are my rights?
 Getting the test result
MODULE OBJECTIVE
By the end of this Module the delegate will be able to determine what AIDS is,
how it is contracted and know how to find out whether or not he/she has the
HIV virus.
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Delegates Manual Module 1
MODULE 1
1.1
WHAT IS AIDS?
WHAT IS THIS DISEASE CALLED AIDS?
Germ
 igciwane
Virus
 igccciwane
Sperm
 isidoda
Vaginal fluid
 oketshezini
oluphuma kumuntu
wesifazane
The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome.
AIDS is caused by a germ or virus called HIV. HIV stands for
Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The HIV germ can only live
in blood, sperm and vaginal fluids and it is too small to see.
The HIV virus is passed on from one person to another
person through sexual fluids or blood. It then begins to attack
the body from the inside. An unborn baby can also get AIDS
if the mother has the HIV virus.
WHO GETS AIDS?
AIDS is not a disease of gay men or drug users. It can
happen to anybody who does things to put themselves at
risk. It is not who you are, but what you do.
HOW DOES AIDS MAKE YOU SICK?
Our bodies have many different parts, and every part has
an important job to do.
For example the heart pumps the blood around, the brain
thinks, the lungs breathe air, the breasts make milk, and so
on.
Defend
 ukuzivikela
We also have an immune system which is very important
as it protects and defends the body against germs and
diseases. It also heals the body after injury or sickness.
The immune system is like the body’s army. We cannot
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Delegates Manual Module 1
defend ourselves against germs when this army is weak.
The HIV virus slowly damages the immune system. This
means the body starts to lose its power to defend itself
against other germs, such as TB. It also loses power to
heal itself. The HIV germ gets stronger and stronger.
The person starts to feel sick when most of his/her immune
system is broken down. This may take years to happen.
This person with a very weak immune system has got
AIDS.
Diarrhoea
 uhudo
Pneumonia
 inyumoniya
HIV negative
 ukungabinalo
igciwane le-HIV
The person with AIDS is very weak and different germs
can cause problems such as losing weight, bad diarrhoea,
sores in the mouth, coughs, pneumonia, TB, brain and
nerve disease, swellings, fevers and sores.
These do not get better because the immune system is
weak.
WHAT IS HIV NEGATIVE? WHAT IS HIV POSITIVE?
If you have no HIV virus in your body, then you are HIV
negative.
HIV positive
 ukuba negciwane
le-HIV
If you have the HIV virus, and can pass it on to other
people then you are HIV positive. After the HIV virus has
broken down your immune system you would then have
AIDS.
Community Information
Fighting AIDS is about fighting against discrimination. It is
also fighting for the rights of people with HIV/AIDS. People
infected with the HIV germ have the same needs, wants
and rights as all other people. They have…
 the right to be respected
 the right to schooling
 the right to housing
 the right to work
 the right to happiness
 the right to confidentiality (ukuba yimfihlo)
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HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE AIDS?
CUMULATIVE AIDS CASES IN ADULTS & CHILDREN :
MID 1996
ESTIMATED :
7 700 000
6%
1%
7%
7%
3%
Africa
Oceania
Americas
USA
Asia
Europe
77%
(UNAIDS - June 1996)
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HIV PREVALENCE IN JOHANNESBURG STD
CLINICS:
1991 - 1995
40%
35%
30%
25%
Male
20%
Female
15%
10%
5%
0%
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
(National Institute of Virology Nov ’95)
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AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA
BREAKDOWN BY MODE OF TRANSMISSION
1982 - 1989
23%
5%
9%
Homosexual
Other
Paediatric
Heterosexual
63%
1990 - 1994
18%
6%
1%
Homosexual
Other
12%
Paediatric
Heterosexual
Unknown
63%
(Dept of National Health Dec ’94)
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1.2
HOW DO YOU GET AIDS?
HOW IS AIDS PASSED ON?
There are three ways of contracting the HIV virus.
Unsafe sex
 ukuya ocansini
okunga-phephile
STD
 isifo socansi
Discharge
 ukuphuma
uketshezi
SEX
The HIV virus will be in the body fluids of a person who is
HIV positive. He or she can pass the virus on to another
person through unsafe sex.
A person with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), like
syphilis, may have discharge or sores on his or her private
parts. This makes it easier for the HIV virus to enter the
body during sex.
We will be dealing with safe sex later on in the programme.
PREGNANCY
The HIV virus can pass into the baby if a pregnant mother
is HIV positive. But NOT ALL HIV positive mothers give
birth to babies who are HIV positive.
Blood
Transfusion
 ukufkwa igazi
emuthanjeni
BLOOD
The HIV virus can pass from one person to another
through his or her blood. Sometimes sick people are given
extra blood through a blood transfusion. In South Africa,
blood transfusions are safe because the blood is tested
before it is given to sick people
 The HIV virus can be passed on, in very small amounts
of blood, when people share razor blades which are not
properly cleaned.
 The HIV virus can also be passed on by sharing
needles when piercing, tattooing or injecting drugs.
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We have looked at ways that AIDS is passed on. Now let
us look at some of the ways that it is NOT passed on.
All Doctors agree that AIDS IS NOT KNOWN TO BE
SPREAD BY...
Toilets, baths, showers, mosquitoes , combs or hairbrushes,
clothing, tears, telephones or….
Plates, cups, spoons
Swimming Pools
Shaking Hands
Hugging,
Laughing,
Kissing
Touching
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Sneezing ,
Coughing
1.3
HOW DO I FIND OUT IF I HAVE AIDS?
HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE THE HIV VIRUS?
You can look and feel fine for years, when you first have
the HIV virus in your body. The only way to tell if you have
the HIV virus is by having an HIV TEST.
Any Clinic will conduct the test for you. The health worker
will sit down and talk about the test with you. Then you can
decide whether to have the test or not.
Result
 umphumela
The health worker will take a blood sample and ask you to
come back in one week’s time for the result. The HIV test
will not cost you anything at government clinics.
WHAT ARE MY RIGHTS?
 You have the right to decide for yourself to go for the
test or not.
 Nobody, not even a doctor, has the right to do the test
without your permission.
Confidential
 okuyimfihlo
Permission
 imvume
 The result is confidential. This means it is against the
law for a health worker to tell the result to anyone
without your permission.
GETTING YOUR TEST RESULT
 The health worker will explain the result and talk to you
about what the result means to you. She should talk
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only to you and not to anyone else.
 You will need to know what to do next if the result is
positive.
It is important to have safe sex - use a condom. A condom
stops the sperm and vaginal juices entering each other’s
bodies. The HIV virus cannot move from one person to the
other.
Remember!
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EXERCISE
We are now going to do a group exercise. You will be
paired off with another delegate. In your group, think
about what getting back an HIV Positive test result would
mean to you.
Write down your thoughts, feelings and concerns in the
space provided. You will have ± 15 minutes to do so. After
all the groups have finished this task we will discuss our
answers with all of the delegates.
Thoughts, feelings and concerns…………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………
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WHAT IF THE HIV TEST IS POSITIVE?
Infection
 ukungenwa
yigiciwane
Colleagues
 ozakwenu/
abalingani
 This means you are infected with the HIV virus.
 You can spread it to your sexual partner if you have
unsafe sex.
 You can give it to your baby during pregnancy and
breast feeding.
 The test cannot tell you when you got the HIV infection.
 The test does not tell you when you will start to feel sick.
 You must not give blood for transfusions.
 You must always use a condom if you have sex. You
can give the HIV virus to a healthy person if you have
unsafe sex.
 It is important to tell your sexual partners that you have
the HIV virus. Discuss this with your health worker first.
 You should talk to the health worker about how to enjoy
safe sex with your partner. We will discuss this later
during AIDS AND RELATIONSHIPS. You also need to
know what to do about your family, friends and work or
school colleagues
 It is a good idea to visit the health worker again, after
you have received your result, to make sure you
understand the facts and to talk about some of the
important things again.
 Woman who are HIV positive may give birth to babies
who have the HIV virus. You should discuss with your
health worker or counsellor whether you want to carry
on with your pregnancy. But remember that not all
babies born from an HIV positive mother will have the
HIV virus.
WHERE TO GET HELP AND ADVICE
There are many people who can advise and help you. A
list of names is provided at the back of your work book..

Support Group
 iqembu lokweseka


They can help you find a way to tell your family you are
sick.
They can help you to join a support group of other
people who are also HIV positive.
They can give you advice on how to stay healthy for
longer.
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HIV AND BREAST FEEDING
Counsellor
 umeluleki
You must discuss breast feeding with a health worker or
counsellor if you are HIV positive. For some HIV mothers
other ways of feeding may be best for their babies.
MOTHERS WHO ARE HIV POSITIVE SHOULD NOT
BREAST FEED IF...
Thrush
 amaqhubu
 They have sores on their breasts - wait until they are
better.
 The baby has thrush - wait until it is better.
 The baby has teeth - he could become infected by the
HIV virus from your blood if he bites you.
WHAT IF THE HIV TEST IS NEGATIVE?
 You do not have the HIV virus.
 Remember to keep yourself safe from the HIV virus in
the future!
 This is very important when you are pregnant and while
you are breast feeding.
PREVENT AIDS because it cannot be cured!
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