I. Overview of Bones:
Functions of Bones:
-What are the five functions of bones:
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2.
-Describes each function:
Classification of bone:
-What are five different types of bones ( give examples for each type)?
Answer questions on page 135:
Structure of long bone :
Gross Anatomy:
- What makes up most of the bone length?
- What is the protective layer around the diaphysis?
- What fibers secure the connective tissue to the long bone?
- What are the ends of the long bone called?
- What is the epophyseal plate and line?
- What is the difference between yellow and red marrow?
- What are the primary functions for using bone markings?
- Know all examples of projections for attachments and joints:
- Know all examples of depressions for nerve and blood vessels:
Microscopic Anatomy:
- What is an oseteocyte?
- What are lacunae?
- What are lamellae?
- What are central (Haversian) canals?
- What is an osteon?
- What is a canaliculi?
- What are perforating (Volkmann’s) canal?
Answer Questions on page 140:
3.
4.

Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling:
-What is bone formation called?
-What are cells that formed bone called?
-What cells destroy bone?
-Why is bone remodeling essential?
-Name a homeostatic imbalance in bone?
-What are the four major events that take place during bone repair?
Answers questions on page 143:
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II. Axial Skeleton:
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Skull:
The skull consists of these two major regions:
-List the Cranium bones:
-List the facial bones:
-Why is the hyoid bone so different than any other bone in the body?
-How is the fetal skull different from the mature skull and why is it different?

11.
12.
Answer Questions on page 150:
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Vertebral Column (Spine):
-What is the different between the spine at birth and an adult spine?
-What separate the individual vertebrae?
-What is the primary curvature?
-What produces the c-shape of the spine in newborns?
-List at list four ways you can protect you back on a daily basis? (pg152-153)
-What is the secondary curvature?
-What is scoliosis
-What is kyphosis?
-What is lordosis?
-List common features of all vertebrae:

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Describe the shape that is unique to the cervical vertebrae:
-How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region of the spine?
-Describe the shape of the thoracic vertebrae:
-Why is the lumbar region considered the strongest?
-How many vertebrae are fused to make up the sacrum?
What motion does the first cervical vertebra let the head perform?
-What motion does the second cervical vertebra let the head perform?
14.
15.
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17.
-What is another common name for the coccyx?
-What bones form the thoracic cage?
-What are the three major regions to the sternum?
-How many pairs of ribs does the human body have?
-What are the three different types of ribs?
Answer Questions on page 158:
III. Appendicular Skeleton:
List the bones of the shoulder:
-The shoulder girdle is very light and allows the upper limb to have free movement due to what factors?

-List bones of the arm and forearm with distinct features:
-List bones of the hand and wrist:
Answer questions on page 162:
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Bones of the pelvic girdle:
-What three bones are fused to form the pelvic?
-What are the differences between a false pelvic and a true pelvic?
-List landmarks in the ischium:
Answer questions on page 164:
22.
23.
Bones of the lower limb:
-List bones of the thigh and leg:
-List landmark of the femur:
-List landmarks of the fibula and tibia:

-List bones of the foot:
Answer questions on page 166:
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IV. Joints:
-What are the three types of joints and how do they differ?
-What are fibrous joints?
-What are cartilaginous joints?
-What are synovial joints?
-What happens during dislocation and reduction:
-What are the four distinguishing features of synovial joints?
-List the different shapes of synovial joints and there functions?
-What is bursitis?
-How is arthritis different from rheumatoid arthritis?
-What is gout?
Answer questions on page 174:

V. Developmental Aspects of the skeleton:
When are skeletal changes the most dramatic?
-At what age is the skull the largest?
-What happens to bones if we don’t use them?
-Why does a woman after menopause have osteoporosis?
-Why do older humans complain of stiff joints?
Answer questions on page 176:
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