Class Outline:
Chapter 10 – Cities and Urban Economies
Early Cities:
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Other info:
Process of City Building:
 Industrial Capitalism
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 Corporate Capitalism
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Economic Base Theory (aka Export Base Theory):
 Role of urban exports
 “Basic” vs. “Non-Basic” Sectors
 Role of trade: Exports do what?
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Economic Base Analysis:
T= “Total”; B= “Basic”; NB = “Non-basic”
 The Economic Base Multiplier – What is it?
 Linkages =
 Impact of “Basic” sector growth
Intra-urban Spatial Organization
(Urban Land Use)
Residential Location
 Most important criteria include:
 Other Criteria:
Bid Rent: Rich vs. Poor Households
Business Location:
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Bid Rent of Firms:
Assumptions:
1.The central business district (CBD) is the most economically productive location because
of its concentration of transportation facilities.
2.Rent falls to zero at the fringe of the city (it falls to the level of agricultural value).
3.Firms are competitive prices takers, not price makers.
4.Cities exist in competitive market exchange economies without government or social
classes.
Bid Rent of Firms & Households
Urban Rent Gradient
Population Density Gradients:
 Important points:
Bid Rent Outcomes:
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The Concentric Zone Model (Burgess)
1.The central business district: The focus of commerce, transportation, social and civic
activity. Includes office buildings, department stores, headquarters, theaters and
museums.
2.Zone of transition: An area of residential deterioration. Includes older homes which have
been divided into boarding houses. An are of "disease, poverty, illiteracy,
unemployment, and underworld vice."
3.Zone of "independent workers' homes": A ring characterized by decreasing residential
density and increasing quality and cost of homes. Residential location of "blue
collar workers and second generation immigrants."
4.Zone of better residences: Still farther from the CBD, working class residences give way
to middle class dwellings and high-rise apartments.
5.Commuter suburbs: A broad area that is incompletely built-up. An area of small satellite
towns of middle and upper class households located along railway lines and
highways.
The Sector Model (Hoyt)
 Single CBD
 Sector Model accounts for:
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The Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman)
 Several nodes of business activity
 Multiple Nuclei Model accounts for:
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Issues Facing the Urban Region
 CBD Growth
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Transportation and Communications
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 Outward Expansion 
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 Back to the city?
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