Notes Template – Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Monera includes all prokaryotic cells, which are
considered to be crude or less advanced than our cells
(eukaryotic.)
A typical prokaryotic cell, like E.coli is drawn below. Label
its parts
There are 4 Phylums or Phyla of Monera. Describe each in the
notes below:
1. Eubacteria
2. Cyanobacteria
3. Archaebacteria
4. Prochlorobacteria
Characteristics of Eubacteria include:
Characteristics of Cyanobacteria include:
Characteristics of Archaebacteria & Prochlorobacteria
Identifying Monerans based on their Shape:
1. Bacillus – the rod shaped bacteria
Draw an example
- Example --->
2. Coccus (pl. is cocci) – the circular shaped bacteria
Example --->
Draw an example below
3. Spiral Shaped (Spirochete bacteria) - Example ---->
Draw an example below
-
Identifying Bacteria by the Composition of their Cell Wall

Understand that bacteria have cell walls, but they are
not like the cell walls of plants.

Plant cell walls contain Cellulose ( a funky, chemical
version of glucose that is quite indigestible by most
critters on our planet. If you don’t believe me, go nibble
on a Spruce Tree and call me in the morning  )

Bacterial cell walls are made of a carbohydrate
substance called _________________________. It is totally
different from glucose or cellulose, but provides
support nonetheless.
Bacterial Cell Wall
Cellulose Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan Cell Wall
Gram Positive Bacteria
-
are bacteria with a heavy cell wall
the cell wall is easily stained with a ___________________
Label the cell wall below
A Bacterium
Gram Negative Bacteria
-
are bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer just overtop
of a plasma membrane.
-
As a result of the Gram Stain, Gram Neg bacteria appear
________________ instead of purple.
Examine the picture below to see the difference between Gram
+ and Gram – Bacteria
Classifying Bacteria by their Motility (Movement)
1. Flagella =
Draw a bacterium with flagella
2. Ciliated (use cilia) =
3. Non-motile =
Classify Bacteria by how they Obtain their Energy
Define, then state an example:
1. Autotrophs =
2. Chemotrophs=
Below is a picture of a Black Smoker on the Ocean floor,
where Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria use sulfur to make
energy.
3. Heterotrophs=
4. Phototrophic Heterotrophs=
Classifying Bacteria by Respiration
Give examples for each class
1. Obligate Anaerobes are =
2. Faculative Anaerobes =
3. Obligate Aerobes =
Classifying Bacteria by Reproduction
1. Binary Fission
2. Conjugation
3. Spore Formation = Asexual resting phase
Ecological Classification of Monerans
1. Symbiosis
2. Parasitism
3. Mutualism=
4. Saprophytic Bacteria=
Uses of Bacteria in our Environment:
1. Decomposition:
2. Nitrogen Fixation from the Air