The Current Periodic Table
• There is a periodic repetition of their physical &
chemical properties when elements are arranged by
their atomic number……this is called The Modern
__________________________.
Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!
• Elements in the same group have similar chemical and
physical ______________!!
• (Mendeleev did that on purpose.)
Why??
• They have the same number of __________________.
• They will form the same kinds of ____________
METALS
More that ¾ of the known elements are ____________. Metals
share similar properties:
• _________________________ of heat & electricity
• Luster
• _________________ & ductile
• High ________________
• High boiling points & melting points
• Resists stretching & twisting
• ____________ at room temperature
NONMETALS
• No ____________
• Poor conductors
• May be solid, liquid or gas
• Low ________________
• Low melting & boiling points
METALLOIDS
• Also called _______________
• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a _____________, reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for
automobiles
Alkali Metals
• 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not
including hydrogen.
• Low densities & melting points
• React with oxygen & moisture in air
• ____________________, always combined with
something else in nature, they are not found
uncombined (like salt)
• _________enough to cut with a butter knife
• Will react ______________ with water & are stored
under oil or kerosene
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)
• __________________ metals that are always
combined with nonmetals in nature.
• Several of these elements are important
_________________________ (such as Mg and Ca)
• Harder than alkali metals
• ___________reactive than alkali metals, not stored
under oil or kerosene
Transition Metals
• Elements in groups _________________
• Less reactive _____________ metals
• Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
• Metals used “as metal.”
Boron Family
• Elements in group 3A
• _________________ metal was once rare and
expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
Carbon Family
• Elements in group 4A
• Contains elements important to __________and
computers.
• Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry
(___________________ Chemistry).
• Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
Nitrogen Family
• Elements in group 5A
• Nitrogen makes up over _____ of the atmosphere.
• _______________ and phosphorus are both important
in living things.
• Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living
things.
• The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
Oxygen Family
• Elements in group 6A
• Oxygen is necessary for ______________.
• Many things that stink, contain______________ (rotten
eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
Halogens
• Elements in group 7A
• _________________, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
• Always found combined with other element in nature .
• Form ___________ when combined with Groups 1 or
2 metals
• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
The Noble Gases
• Elements in group 8A
• ___________ unreactive, monatomic gases
• Occur in atmosphere in very small amounts
• Used in lighted “neon” signs
• Used in blimps to fix the Hindenberg problem.
• Have a ______________________________.
Lanthanide Series:
• The lanthanide family is comprised of fifteen elements
starting with lanthanum (___) at atomic number 57 and
finishing up with lutetium (__) at number 71.
• You might find some of these elements in
superconductors, glass production, or lasers.
Actinide Series:
• The actinide family is comprised of fifteen elements
that start with actinium (__) at atomic number 89 and
finish up with lawrencium (___) at number 103.
•
You have probably heard of plutonium (Pu), since it
was used in atomic bombs.
• Uranium (U) is also well known for its radioactivity.
• They aren't all used to blow up the world. Some of
them help us out every day. You can find americium
(____) in some metal detectors.
Diatomics:
•
•
•
•
7 elements are so reactive they are NOT found alone
in nature
They are found in pairs called diatomics
H2, N2,O2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2
The Magic “7”
Elements as Building Blocks
• The periodic table is organized like a big grid.
• The ____________ are placed in specific places
because of the way they look and act.
_____________
• Even though they skip some squares in between, all of
the rows go left to right.
• When you look at a periodic table, each of the
_______ is considered to be a different period (Get it?
Like PERIODic table.).
• In the periodic table, elements have something in
____________ if they are in the same row.
• All of the elements in a period have the same number
of __________________.
Periodicity:
A pattern of repeating order is called ________________. In the
mid-1800s, Dmitri _______________, a Russian chemist,
noticed a repeating pattern of chemical properties in elements.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing
atomic___________ to form something that resembles the
modern periodic table. He was even able to predict the
properties of some of the then-unknown elements. Later, the
elements were rearranged in order of increasing atomic
number.
The periodic table enables chemists and chemistry students to:

Learn the ________________of families of elements
(instead of learning the properties of each element), thus
saving a lot of time and effort.

Find the relationships among elements and figure out
the formulas of many different compounds.

Examine the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and
information about the number of valence electrons.
Groups (families)
• Same group=same _________________
• The elements in a group have the same number of
electrons in their outer orbital or valence electrons.
• Group One has ___ valence electron,
• Group Two has ____ valence electrons
• Group 3 has…
• Group 4, 5, 6, 7, 8….
• Let’s Look at it another way… Using Bohr Diagrams
Drawing Bohr Diagrams: F
• Step One
• Determine the # of protons, electrons and neutrons
• P=9
• E=9
• N=10
•
•
Step two
Draw a circle around the number of p and n,
representing the nucleus
•
Step Three
• Draw the correct number of shells
• Remember, the shells are the same number as the
period
• F is in the 2nd period, so it has 2 shells
•
Step 4
• Dots are the electrons
• 2 can go in the first
• 8 can go in the 2nd
•
• But how do you know that there are 2 in the 1st shell,
and 7 in the 2nd??
• C
•
O
•
Li
•
Cl
•
Ca
•
Now, it is easier to see the valence electrons