Monkemeier
Honors Biology
December 17, 2014 – January 14, 2014
Unit 5: Homeostasis and Cell Transport
Name ______________________________ Date ________________
Unit 5: Homeostasis and Cell Transport Study Guide
7th
Biology
Edition pages: 124 – 140
Biology 8th Edition pages: 65 - 104
1. Draw and label the cross section of a typical cell membrane. In your labeled drawing, include the following
structures: phospholipid bilayer, Polar hydrophilic heads, Nonpolar hydrophobic tails, extracellular fluid,
cytoplasm, glycolipids, transmembrane protein, cholesterol, peripheral protein, glycoproteins, ion channels.
2. Describe the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane.
3. Be able to create a list of the six key classes of membrane proteins and state their functions. (transporters,
enzymes, cell surface receptors, cell surface identity markers, cell adhesion proteins and attachments to the
cytoskeleton).
4. Describe the functions of the following transmembrane proteins: anchors, channels or carriers, pores.
5. Define and state the relationship between the following terms: kinetic energy, diffusion, concentration gradient,
passive transport, osmosis and equilibrium.
6. Why is the cell membrane described as selectively permeable? What is permeability? What characteristics
determine the permeability of the cell membrane?
7. List and explain the three essential characteristics of facilitated diffusion.
8. How does each of the following relate to facilitated diffusion: ion channels, carriers, and red blood cells?
9. Define and explain how the following terms are related: aqueous solution, solvent, solution, solutes, and
osmosis.
10. Given a diagram with information relating to relative concentrations and permeablility, predict and show
movement (using labeled arrows) of substances through the membranes.
11. What are aquaporins? How do these relate to osmosis?
12. Explain the following terms: osmotic concentration, Hyperosmotic (hypertonic), Hypoosmotic (hypotonic) and
Isosmotic (isotonic).
13. Describe what will happen to a plant or animal cell when it is placed in the following solutions: Isosmotic,
hyposmotic (aka hypotonic) , and Hyperosmotic (aka hypertonic).
14. Define and state the relationship between the following terms: osmosis, Turgor pressure, plasmolysis, cytolysis.
15. Describe each of the following methods of active transport: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
endocytosis, exocytosis. Which organisms would MOST likely utilize these types of active transport?
16. Describe the mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
17. Define and explain how the following terms are related: cell energy (ATP), active transport, concentration
gradient, sodium-potassium pump.
18. Briefly describe the six steps involved in moving sodium and potassium ions using the sodium-potassium pump.
19. What is meant by coupled transport? What are the two major components of coupled transport?
20. Give a specific example of coupled transport.
21. Compare and contrast passive transport to active transport with respect to: Cellular energy (ATP), concentration
gradient, three specific examples of each kind of transport.
22. In what two ways does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion across a membrane?
23. If a cell’s cytoplasm were Hyperosmotic to the extracellular fluid, how would the concentration of solutes in the
cytoplasm compare with that in the extracellular fluid?