Chapter 2: Environmental Law, Economic and Ethics
Old-growth Forest
Endangered Species Act
Northwest Forest Plan
Why did environmental
groups sue the U.S. Forest
Service and the Bureau of
Land Management and what
allowed them to win the
case?
Frontier Attitude
How long did it take the
loggers to deforest an area
the size of Europe?
Henry David Thoreau
What was the intent of the
American Forestry
Association?
General Revision Act (1891)
What was the response of
Theodore Roosevelt to the
congressmen who sough to
rescind the president’s
power to establish forest
reserves?
Utilitarian Conservationist
What was Pinchot’s view on
forest management?
How are forests managed
today?
What was the world’s first
national park and when was it
established?
Yosemite National Park Bill
(1890)
Biocentric Preservationist
What is the Sierra Club and
who was its founder?
Antiquities Act (1906)
Who managed the national
parks and monuments in
1916? Who manages them
today?
When was the National Park
Service created and for what
purpose?
Civilian Conservation Corps
American Dust Bowl (1930)
What were the taxes on
sporting weapons and
ammunition used for?
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
What effect did the book
Silent Springs have on the
public?
The Population Bomb
(include name of author)
Environmentalist
Earth Day 1970
National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA) – 1970
Environmental Impacts
Statements (EIS)
Council on Environmental
Quality
What does the Federally
owned holding include?
What are some of the
critiques made against EISs?
What occurs after an
environmental problem
becomes widely recognized?
Full-cost Accounting
What must happen from the
time a legislation is passed
and signed to the time that
it is implemented?
Office of Management and
budget (OMB)
List five laws passed by
Congress since Earth Day
1970. (include dates)
Citizen Suits
What was the “loophole” in
the Clean Air Act of 1977?
List three examples which
show the success of
pollution-control efforts.
Economics
How does an economist view
the world?
What determines the price
of goods in a free market?
Economic Expansion
Recession
On what aspect of the
natural environment does the
economist depend?
Source
Sink
Natural Capital
Resource Degradation
Pollution
National income accounts
What are the two measures
used in national income
accounting?
Why is the current national
income accounting practice
misleading?
What do the measures above
provide?
Net Domestic Product (NDP)
Who pays for all the cost of
producing a product?
External Cost
Does the buyer or seller bear
the external cost? Why or
why not?
According to economists,
what is one of the root
causes of the world’s
pollution problem?
What is the basis question
asked by economists in
assigning a proper price to
pollution?
What are the two extremes
used in accessing the cost of
pollution?
Marginal Cost
(Give two examples)
What are the 2 kinds of
marginal cost that must be
balanced so that we have a
quality environment with the
needed goods?
Marginal cost of pollution
What does the graph in
Figure 2.11 show?
Marginal cost of pollution
abatement
Why does the curve showing
the marginal cost of pollution
abatement slope downwards?
Cost-benefit diagram
Optimum amount of pollution
What happens if pollution
exceeds the optimal amount
of pollution?
What happens if pollution is
less than the optimal amount
of pollution?
What would economist say if
the above were the case?
What are the two major
flaws in the economist’s
concept of optimum
pollution?
What are two ways that
governments control
pollution?
Command and control
regulations
Incentive-based regulations
Emission Charge
European countries have
restructured taxes to take
into account environmentally
destructive practices. What
were some of the benefits
seen in Germany, Great
Britain and the Netherlands?
In general, is paying taxes on
pollution a successful
practice? Explain
Market waste-discharge
permits