Week 7 Friday preparation for persuasive speech
Logos – see page 341 Jaffe Public Speaking
Pg. 326 in text book
Proof
the logical arrangement of evidence. Providing good reasons is important. Providing
evidence and reasoning are a strong part of the persuasive process.
Use evidence that is specific rather than general
NOVEL EVIDENCE AND CREDIBLE SOURCES
Go beyond what your audience already knows – in the age of info overload you need
to add something – capture your audience attention
Use credible sources
1. provide enough information about your source that your audience can assess
its credibility ie. Dates, credentials
2. select sources your audience will see as trustworthy and fair
Ethos (p. 323) is the speaker’s credibility Sometimes we believe something simply
because we trust the person telling us. You want to look like you know what you're
talking about.
Is the person credible
ON BOARD WHAT ARE SOME WAYS FOR A SPEAKER TO APPEAR
CREDIBLE?
1. dress – appearance
examples…
2. source credibility –
3. character
4. reputation
5. evidence
6. powerful language
7. inclusive language
Pathos (p. 332)the emotional appeals made by a speaker. Sometimes we do things
because of a "gut feeling" or an appeal to our emotions, whether those of compassion or
fear. Advertisers make great headway tweaking our concerns about what others might
think about us.
WHAT ARE SOME EMOTIONS PERSUASIVE SPEECHES APPEAL TO?
Messages – if you care about your family you will purchase ---Grim reaper ads do they affect you?
Drunk driver ads do they affect you?
1. ANGER
2. FEAR – code orange
3. KINDNESS
4. SHAME
5. PITY
6. ENVY
7. BELIEFS
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence page 197 in text book see
http://webct.albany.edu:8900/SCRIPT/acom203_2106_fall03/scripts/serve_home
Overheads
Sound Reasoning – one of the most important aspects of entering the public dialogue
is sound reasoning. Sound reasoning ensures that your issues and perspectives are
developed and discussed fairly and ethically. It ensures that your claims make sense
to you and to your audience.
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
I.
ATTENTION STEP (introduction)
II.
NEED STEP (the problem) [BODY]
III.
SATISFACTION STEP (the solution) [BODY]
IV.
VISUALIZATION STEP [BODY]
V.
ACTION STEP (what do you want the audience to do) [CONCLUSION]
I. ATTENTION STEP (introduction)
1. Attention Getter - Attention-getters grab the audience, arousing curiosity about what the
speaker is going to say. To help avoid the effects of psychological reactance, the preview
statement can be omitted.
2. Orient Audience Toward Topic
3. Credibility Statement
2. NEED STEP (the problem) [BODY]
You must establish a clear, urgent, and unfulfilled need in the mind of the audience. This is a
critical step in the sequence. No solutions should be proposed during this stage.
1. Statement of Need - Offer a clear statement of what the problem entails.
2. Illustration of Need - Present one or more stories to give listeners an initial idea of the
problem's seriousness and scope. You have two options here. First, you may want to provide
your audience with an extended narrative. Second, you may want to provide the listeners
with several shorter examples, which represent the same underlying argument that you are
making in this portion of the performance.
3. Ramification - Clarify your statement of need and justify the concern using statistical
support and/or testimony, etc. Speakers can utilize the qualitative or quantitative approach to
demonstrating harm.
4. Pointing - Indicate why this particular audience should be concerned. Example: "We all as
college students”, "We as Massachusetts residents" etc.
3. SATISFACTION STEP (the solution) [BODY]
Present the solution to the needs or problems described in step two. During this
stage, speakers must also identify and eliminate possible objections to the
solution.
1. Statement of Solution - Statement of the attitude, belief, or action that you wish the
audience to adopt (this should only be one sentence). This statement should resolve the
problem you mention in the Statement of Need step.
2. Explanation - Explain your solution to the audience
3. Theoretical Demonstration - Demonstrate to your audience how your solution logically
meets the problem pointed out in the need step
4. Workability -If appropriate, present examples showing that this solution has worked
effectively in the past or that this solution has been advocated by experts in the field.
5. Meeting Objections -Answer possible objectives that might be raised
4. VISUALIZATION STEP [BODY]
IV. VISUALIZATION STEP (what the world will look like with or without your solution)
Intensify audience members' desire for the solution by getting them to visualize what their
lives will be like once they've adopted it. Use vivid images and verbal illustrations to support
the benefits of the proposed solution.
1. Positive Method- Describe favorable conditions that will occur if the audience accepts your
solution.
2. Negative Method- Describe the adverse conditions that will prevail or intensify in the future
if the audience does not adopt the belief you advocate or carry out the solution that you
propose.
3. Contrast Method- Forecast the negative possibilities and then the positive attributes that
can be expected if the audience members implement your solution.
5. ACTION STEP (what do you want the audience to do) [CONCLUSION]
video MUSIC MAN AS ILLUSTRATION OF PERSUASIVE SPEECH
In the final step, the speaker must turn the audience's agreement and
commitment into positive action. Tell audience members what they need.
to do to obtain the described solution and its benefits.
Urge the audience to take the specific action outlined in the satisfaction step.
Language is much more than what we hear – these two clips both only a couple
of minutes will show what is being said without knowing the actual words – does
the body language suit the rhetoric?
Speaking to Convince
The purpose of convincing speech is to advance a proposition of policy or
evaluation or to propose a new solution to a problem. You should ask the
audience to change attitudes or beliefs on an issue of importance to you.
Video and handout sheets for Report 2