Genetics Final Exam Study Guide
Molecular Genetics
Information flow in molecular genetics (sequence relationship between DNA, RNA and
protein),
Open Reading Frame and how to use the genetic code
Mutations -- missense (conservative, non-conservative), nonsense, silent and frame-shift,
Loss-of-function, Gain-of-function.
Mechanisms of mutagenesis
Genetic Testing (RFLP analysis)
Cytogenetics
Meiosis (normal meiosis and non-disjunction meiosis)
Meiotic basis for segregation and independent assortment.
X chromosome inactivation
Transmission Genetics
Principles of segregation and independent assortment
Pedigree analysis (autosomal and X-linked)
Multiple alleles
Co-dominance
Recessive epistasis
Linkage and mapping (two- point crosses, pedigree analysis)
Population Genetics
Calculating genotype and allele frequencies of a population
Testing populations for genetic equilibrium
Estimating the frequency of heterozygotes (or carriers) in a population.
Human Evolution
Basic terms related to phylogenetic trees
Estimating number of mutations in an evolutionary lineage based on number of
differences between existing similar sequences in different species.