SBI 4U
Ms. Girvan
Date: ____________________________________
Endocrine System
The endocrine system involves a group of small organs that regulate metabolism, growth and development, puberty and tissue
function. These organs work by releasing extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones.
Overview of Endocrine Glands:
Hypothalamus
- major control centre for the body
- receives and processes information about various vital activities (ex. body temperature, intake of food and
water, response to pain and stress, etc…)
- specialized cells manufacture and release specific chemical messengers to pituitary gland
1. Pituitary Gland
- two parts: anterior and posterior
- “master gland”
- controls and influences other endocrine glands
2. Thyroid Gland
- influences metabolic rate
- decreases blood calcium levels
3. Parathyroid
Glands
- increases blood calcium levels
4. Adrenal Glands - helps to prepare the body for control of stress
5. Pancreas
- controls blood sugar levels
6. Testes
- produces male sex hormones
- influences secondary sex characteristics
7. Ovaries
- produces female sex hormones
- influences secondary sex characteristics.
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1. Pituitary Gland (located in the brain – attached to the hypothalamus) - Read pages 396-397
A. Anterior Pituitary
- secretes six specific hormones (regulated by hypothalamus)
- 4 are called TROPIC hormones  activate other endocrine glands
- 2 are called NON-TROPIC hormones  stimulate tissues other than endocrine glands
 Fill in the table for the six hormones released by the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. (use p.392)
Hormone Secreted
Effects of Hormone on Target Tissues/Organs
Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
 Conditions Associated with human growth hormone (hGH) – Read pages 398-399
a. Gigantism –
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b. Pituitary Dwarfism –
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c. Acromegaly –
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B. Posterior Pituitary
-
releases two hormones
hormones are produced in hypothalamus and transported to posterior pituitary
 Fill in the table for the two hormones released by the POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. (use p.392)
Hormone Secreted
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Effects of Hormone on Target Tissues/Organs
Oxytocin (OCT)
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2. Thyroid Gland - Read pages 400-402
-
located at the base of the neck in front of the trachea (below larynx)
stimulated by TSH (anterior pituitary)
releases two hormones
 Fill in the table for the hormones released by the THYROID GLAND. (use p.392)
Hormone Secreted
Effects of Hormone on Target Tissues/Organs
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin
 Disorders Related to the Thyroid: Read pages 400-401
a. Iodine Deficiency (GOITER) –
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b. Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease) –
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c. Hypothyroidism (Cretinism) –
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3. Parathyroid Gland – Read pages 402
-
small glands (usually 4 embedded in thyroid)
 Fill in the table for the hormones released by the PARATHYROID GLAND. (use p.392)
Hormone Secreted
Effects of Hormone on Target Tissues/Organs
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
 Antagonistic Hormones: Calcitonin and PTH - work in opposition of each other
4. Adrenal Glands – Read pages 404-407
-
two glands: one located on top of each kidney
consist of an outer cortex and inner medulla
 Fill in the table for the hormones released by the ADRENAL GLANDS. (use p.392)
Hormone Secreted
Location of hormone
production
Effect of Hormone on Target Tissues/Organs
Epinephrine and
norephinephrine
Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
Aldosterone
(mineralocorticoid)
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5. Pancreas – Read pages 408-409
-
large gland located behind your stomach – connected to small intestine by pancreatic duct
acts as BOTH an exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine gland (hormones to regulate blood sugar)
contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans
 Fill in the table for the hormones released by the PANCREAS. (use p.392)
Hormone Secreted
Effects of Hormone on Target Tissues/Organs
Insulin (beta cells)
Glucagon (alpha cells)
 Antagonistic Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon - work in opposition of each other
 Briefly summarize the effects of a glucose imbalance - Read pages 410-412
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6. Ovaries and Testes – will be discussed in a future lesson
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