The Nervous System (Chapter 7)
Name ___________________________________ Hr___
1. What is primary function of the nervous system?
2. In order to complete its normal role, the nervous system has three overlapping functions. List and explain each.
a.
b.
c.
3. What other body system helps the nervous system along in its quest to maintain homeostasis?
4. Scientists organize the nervous system into two primary structural sections. What are they and what do they
include?
I.
II.
5. When considering functional classification, scientists only look at the structures of the _____________________
6. What at the two subdivisions of the PNS? Explain each.
a.
b.
7. The motor subdivision of the PNS also has two subdivisions. List and explain each.
a.
b.
Supporting Cells
8. What are neuroglia?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
a. What are astrocytes and why are they important?
b. What shape are microglia cells and what do they do for the human body?
c. Ependymal cells are found where? _______________________________________
i. What do these cells do?
d. What are oligodendrocytes? Why are they important?
e. Neuroglia resemble neurons, but can neuroglia transmit nerve impulses? ___________________
f.
How are neuroglia cells different from neurons?
g. Most brain tumors are _____________________
h. List the two types of supporting cells in the PNS and explain each.
i.
ii.
9. Nerve cells are also called ___________________
a. These cells have two major regions. List and Explain each.
i.
ii.
b. Cell Body is composed of:
i. Nissl Substance - specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum
ii. Neurofibrils - intermediate cytoskeleton that maintains cell shape
iii. Nucleus
iv. Large Nucleolus
c. Extension outside of the cell body
i. Axons - ____________________________________________________________________
ii. Dendrites - _________________________________________________________________
Dendr = __________________
iii. Axon terminals - _____________________________________________________________
1. Contain vesicles that contain _______________________________
2. Axon terminals are separated from other neurons by a tiny gap called:
_________________________
3. What is a Synapse _________________________________________________________________
iv. Myelin - ____________________________________________________________________
Nerve Fiber Coverings:
10. Schwann Cells - (Be Specific in your answer)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Related to Schwann cells are three other structures of a neuron.
i. Myelin Sheath - _________________________________________________________
ii. Neurolemma - __________________________________________________________
iii. Nodes of Ranvier - _______________________________________________________
11. Myelin insulation is very important to nerve transmission. What happens in people who have multiple sclerosis?
Neuron Cell Body Location:
Clusters of neuron cell bodies and collection of nerve fibers are named differently when they are in the CNS than when
they are part of the PNS.
12. What are nuclei? _____________________________________________________________________________
13. What is the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?
14. In the CNS, bundles of nerve fibers are called _________________. In the PNS, they are called ______________.
15. What are ganglia?
Classification of Neurons:
Functional classification
16. List the three functional groups of neurons. Briefly explain each.
a.
b.
c.
17. Inside the sensory neurons are specialized receptors:
a. In the skin, they are called _____________________________
b. In the muscles and tendons, they are called ________________________________
i. They detect what type of stress? ______________________________
18. Association neurons are also known as _____________________________.
Structural Classification
19. List and explain each of the three types of structural neurons.
a.
b.
c.
20. What are the two functional properties of neurons?
a.
b.
21. When the plasma membrane is resting or inactive, it is said to be __________________________.
a. This means what?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
22. Outline the steps of the generation of a nerve impulse along unmyelinated fibers using the reading on pages 202
and 203 and also the Figure 7.9 on page 203.
***This nerve impulse is an All or Nothing Response*****
23. What is depolarization? _______________________________________________________________________
24. What is an action potential? What is another name for it?
25. What is repolarization?
26. What type of pump helps restore the neurons during repolarization? __________________________________
27. The faster type of impulse propagation occurs in myelinated fibers and is called _________________________.
28. List a few of the factors that can impair the conduction of impulses.
29. What are reflexes?
30. Reflexes occur over pathways called ____________________________________
 direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector
31. What are autonomic reflexes? Provide examples of these.
a. What do these help regulate?
32. What are somatic reflexes?
33. What are the five elements necessary for reflex arcs?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Reflex testing is an important tool in ___________________________________________________________________.