ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY (APUSH) COURSE SYLLABUS (2009-2010) Instructor: Mike Grayson Phone: 891-8222, ext. 2224 Email: mgrayson@madeiracityschools.org Web Page: www.madeiracityschools.org/olcClassView.aspx?classID=438 COURSE DESCRIPTION Advanced Placement United States History is designed to be a challenging and rewarding experience that allows the student to participate in a course that is the equivalent of a college survey History course. This course is a yearlong course that covers topics ranging from exploration and colonization to contemporary United States History. The specific topics can be found in the semester and unit outlines located later in the syllabus. During this course, students will gain a foundation of factual knowledge that they will use as they analyze and critically evaluate issues and topics in United States History. Skills that students will develop include critical and analytical thinking, essay writing, interpretation of primary and secondary sources, historiography, and effective reading of historical texts and other sources. Students will be expected to spend a great deal of time in the pursuit of mastering the goals of this class, which requires a considerable amount of out-of-class work and study. The course culminates with the AP Exam in May, which affords the student the opportunity to earn college credit. In addition to the specific topics covered, the College Board has determined that there are specific themes that are essential to a comprehensive study of United States History. The themes will include discussions of American diversity, the development of a unique American identity, the evolution of American culture, demographic changes over the course of America’s history, economic trends and transformations, environmental issues, the development of political institutions and the components of citizenship, social reform movements, the role of religion in the making of the United States and its impact in a multicultural society, the history of slavery and its legacies in this hemisphere, war and diplomacy, and finally, the place of the United States in an increasingly global arena. These themes will continually come up this year and we will be studying how they are interconnected throughout our history. Further, by discussing and writing about related historiography, we can see how interpretations of events can change over time, issues can have an impact on subsequent generations and how re-evaluations of events can shape the way historians see today’s world. EXPECTED STUDENT OUTCOMES AND COMPETENCIES: To study, learn and master content including, but not limited to, the political institutions, social and cultural developments, religion, slavery, diplomacy, diversity, political trends, reform movements, globalization, economic trends, and other themes in U.S. history. To master the ability to analyze primary and secondary sources of information and recognize differences in historical interpretation. To analyze the roles that historical figures had in shaping U.S. history. To understand that historical events and themes often repeat and have an impact on succeeding eras. To frequently practice and master writing analytical and interpretive essays such as document-based questions (DBQ) and free-response questions (FRQ). To gain a better understanding of contemporary issues in the United States based on their respective histories. To prepare for and successfully pass the Advanced Placement Exam. REQUIRED READINGS: Kennedy, David M.; The American Pageant: 13th Edition; Advanced Placement Edition; Houghton Mifflin; Boston, Massachusetts; Copyright 2006; ISBN# 0-61847940-6 Newman, John J.; Schmalbach, John M.; United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination; AMSCO School Publications, Inc.; New York, N.Y.; Copyright 2004; ISBN # 1-56765-660-9 Kennedy, David M.; Bailey, Thomas A.; The American Spirit: Volume 1; Houghton Mifflin; Boston, Massachusetts; Copyright 2006; ISBN #0-618-50867-8 Kennedy, David M.; Bailey, Thomas A.; The American Spirit: Volume I1; Houghton Mifflin; Boston, Massachusetts; Copyright 2006; ISBN #0-618-50868-6 Various Primary and Secondary Sources and historical readings as announced in class. Refer to the Class Schedule section of this syllabus for more information. ATTENDANCE POLICY: The school attendance policy will be followed for in-class meetings. It is recommended that students meet with the instructor during Common Time for writing assistance at least twice a quarter. GRADE POLICY Grades will be based on unit tests, writing assignments, chapter study packets, and other assignments. No late assignments will be accepted unless the attendance office excused student absence. Students must submit the assignment on the day they return. Grading scale: 90-100 = A 80-89 = B 70-79 = C 60-69 = D 0-59 = F **Students who obtain a quarter grade of D or F will be removed from the AP course per Board of Education policy. COURSE REQUIREMENTS Materials: Students will need a three-ringed binder for each quarter of the course. This binder will help students organize their lecture notes, supplemental readings, chapter study packets, and other class activities. Students are expected to come to class prepared with paper, writing utensils, binders, and readings to class. Students will need to bring their textbooks to class every day. Reading: Students are expected to complete their textbook and supplemental readings before coming to class. Students are expected to engage in discussion and other class activities during class time and readings prepare students to effectively participate. Students can expect reading nearly every night. However, because readings are outlined on the course syllabus, students do have the option of completing multiple assignments during an evening so that time can be freed on certain evenings for family events, assignments for other academic classes, extracurricular activities, etc. Students should expect, on average, 45-60 minutes of reading a night. For textbook readings, students are expected to complete the chapter study packets, which include guide questions, vocabulary, etc. For supplemental readings, students will be expected to answer the teacher provided focus questions. Tests: Students will be tested periodically throughout the quarter. Tests usually fall at the end of a unit. Tests usually consist of two parts over a two day period. On the first day, students will complete the essay portion of the test. The topic of the essay will cover a theme covered in the unit and will be a document based question (DBQ) or a free response question (FRQ). The essays will be graded using a rubric similar to those used by AP graders and will constitute 25-30% of the test grade. On the second day, students will complete the multiple-choice portion of the test. This portion will require students fill use a Scantron form and they will need to bring a pencil to class that day. The multiple-choice portion constitutes 70-75% of the test grade. Exams: Students will take a comprehensive exam at the end of the first semester. This exam will take three hours to complete and will be in a format similar to that of the actual AP exam. Students will be required to complete an FRQ, DBQ and a multiple choice section. Quizzes: There will be periodic quizzes on readings, vocabulary and/or class discussion topics. Quizzes may or may not be announced prior to class. Practice Essays: AP Exam: There will be opportunities for students to practice their essay skills through a number of in-class and out-of-class exercises such as writing prompts, essay thesis prompts, practice essay grading exercises, group brainstorming, etc. Student participation is, as always, essential to success. These activities may or may not be graded. Students enrolled in the Advanced Placement United States History course are required to take the exam in May. This year, the exam is offered on May 11, at 8:00 a.m. in the Media Center. Cost of the exam will be announced in class. Approximate Grade Breakdown: Tests Chapter Review Packets Supplemental Reading Responses Quizzes Practice Essay Exercises/In-Class Exercises 50% 20% 10% 10% 10% FIRST SEMESTER OUTLINE/SCHEDULE **NOTE: All assignments and dates are subject to change. Adjustments can be made at any time and will be announced in class and this schedule updated on my web page. UNIT 1: Pre-Columbian Societies, Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings, 1492-1690, Colonial North America 1607-1700 Chapter 2: Planting of English America Chapter 3: Settling of Northern Colonies Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century UNIT 2: America in the Eighteenth Century and Road to Revolution 17001775 Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution Chapter 6: The Duel for North America Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution UNIT 3: The American Revolutionary War and the Infant Country 1775-1790 Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution UNIT 4: The Early Republic 1789-1824 Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism UNIT 5: The Transformation of Politics, Economy and Society in Antebellum America 1800-1860 Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy UNIT 6: Religion, Reform, Renaissance, Territorial Expansion and Manifest Destiny in Antebellum America 1800-1860 Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture Chapter 16: The South and Slavery Controversy Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy UNIT 7: The Crisis in the Union, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) Chapter 18: Renewing Sectional Struggle Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and South Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction APUSH UNIT OUTLINES (FIRST SEMESTER) UNIT 1: Pre-Columbian Societies, Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings, 1492-1690; Colonial North America, 1607-1700 (Topics 1-3 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 1-4) (AMSCO Chapters 1-3) Topics: Native Inhabitants of the Americas American Indian empires in Mesoamerica, the Southwest, and the Mississippi Valley. American Indian cultures of North America at the time of European contact. Reasons behind exploration and colonization. First European contacts with Native Americans. Spain’s empire in North America. French colonization of Canada. English settlement and development of regions (New England, the MidAtlantic, the South) in North America. Indentured servitude and the origins of slavery. Religious diversity in North America (Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, etc.). Colonial social and political structures. Resistance to colonial authority: Bacon’s Rebellion, the Glorious Revolution, and the Pueblo Revolt. UNIT 2: America in the Eighteenth Century and Road to Revolution 1700-1775 (Topic 3 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 5-7) (AMSCO Chapter 4) Topics Population growth and immigration. Transatlantic trade and the growth of seaports. The back country in the eighteenth century. Growth of plantation economies and slave societies. The French and Indian War Mercantilism Salutary Neglect The Imperial Crisis and resistance to Britain. Continental Congresses American Enlightenment and Great Awakening UNIT 3: The American Revolutionary War and the Infant Country, 1775-1790 (Topic 4 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 8-9) (AMSCO Chapter 5-6) Topics The Declaration of Independence The Colonial War for Independence (causes, scope, consequences) State constitutions and The Articles of Confederation Failures of the Articles of Confederation The United States Constitution (process, compromises, federalism) Ratification of the Constitution. Federalists v. Anti-federalists Bill of Rights Federalism, Checks and Balances UNIT 4: The Early Republic, 1789-1824 (Topic 5 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 10-12) (AMSCO Chapter 7-8) Topics Washington, Hamilton, and shaping of the national government. Hamilton’s financial plan Presidential Administrations: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe Washington’s Presidency: cabinet, domestic issues, foreign policy, Indian relations, Jay’s Treaty) Whiskey Rebellion Emergence and development of political parties: Federalists v. Republicans Republican Motherhood and the role of women in the new republic. Challenges to federal authority (Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, nullification) Revolution of 1800 Adam’s Presidency (XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, Midnight Justices) Jefferson’s Presidency (Agrarian Republic, Louisiana Purchase, domestic issues, foreign policy, Barbary Pirates, Marbury v. Madison) Jefferson v. Hamilton—politics and economics Beginnings of Second Great Awakening Trans-Appalachia Expansion Growth of slavery and free black communities The War of 1812 (causes, scope, consequences) Era of Good Feelings Monroe Doctrine Growth of nationalism Missouri Compromise, expansion of slavery, growth of sectional conflict The John Marshall Supreme Court UNIT 5: The Transformation of Politics, Economy and Society in Antebellum America, 1800-1860 (Topic 6-7 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 13-14) (AMSCO Chapter 10) Topics Democratization of American politics The transportation revolution and creation of a national market economy. Beginnings of industrialization and changes in social and class structures. Immigration and nativist reaction. Planters, yeoman farmers, and slaves in the cotton South. John Q. Adam’s administration Corrupt Bargain Election Native American removal Andrew Jackson’s administration (tariff, nullification, judicial federalism, bank war, states rights debates) Nullification crisis Emergence of new two party system (Democratic Republicans v. National Republicans (later Whigs) Jacksonian democracy and its limitations and successes. Jackson’s Economic Policies Panic of 1837 Martin Van Buren’s administration UNIT 6: Religion, Reform, Renaissance, Territorial Expansion and Manifest Destiny in Antebellum America 1800-1860 (Topics 8-9 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 15-17 ) (AMSCO Chapters 9, 11-12) Topics Second Great Awakening, Evangelical Protestantism, religious sects Transcendentalism and Utopian societies Role of women in reform movements Lowell Mills Ideals of domesticity Social Reform Movements: temperance, education, women, abolition, penitentiaries, asylums, alms houses American art, literature, music Slavery: changes in 19th century, impact on white social classes, industrialization in the South, relationship with organized religion, and NorthSouth relations Southern economy and culture Westward expansion, Manifest Destiny and impact on politics and economy Innovations: farming, transportation, interchangeable parts Life in the Antebellum city Immigration and nativism Territorial acquisitions Life on the Frontier Texas War with Mexico Expansions impact on Native American relations UNIT 7: The Crisis in the Union, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) (Topics 10-12 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 18-22 ) (AMSCO Chapters 13-15) Topics Pro and anti-slavery arguments Compromise of 1850 and popular sovereignty Kansas-Nebraska Act The emergence of the Republican Party Abraham Lincoln, the Presidential Election of 1860, Southern secession Civil War: Confederacy v. Union, strengths and weaknesses, diplomacy, mobilization, strategies Civil War: Battles, People, Politics, internal dissent, etc. Emancipation Proclamation Social, political, economic consequences of the Civil War on the North, South, and West Reconstruction: Congress v. President Reconstruction: Lincoln’s Plan, Wade-Davis Bill, Johnson’s Plan, Radical Reconstruction Role of African Americans in Civil War, Reconstruction, politics, social and economic life Southern state governments Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction Long term impact of Reconstruction SECOND SEMESTER OUTLINE/SCHEDULE UNIT 8: The New South, Industrial America, and Urban Society in the Late Nineteenth Century (1865-1900) Chapter 23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age Chapter 24: Industry Comes of Age Chapter 25: America Moves to the City UNIT 9: Development of the West in the Late Nineteenth Century, Imperialism, Populism and Progressivism (1865-1916) Chapter 26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution Chapter 27: Empire and Expansion Chapter 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad UNIT 10: World War I and the Roaring 1920s (1917-1929) Chapter 30: The War to End War Chapter 31: American Life in the “Roaring Twenties” Chapter 32: The Politics of Boom and Bust UNIT 11: The Great Depression, New Deal, Second World War (1929-1945) Chapter 33: The Great Depression and the New Deal Chapter 34: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War Chapter 35: America in World War II UNIT 12: The Early Cold War, 1950s, and Turbulent 1960s (1945-1968) Chapter 36: The Cold War Begins Chapter 37: The Eisenhower Era Chapter 38: The Stormy Sixties UNIT 13: Politics, Society and Culture at the End of Twentieth Century; PostCold War United States (1968-Present) Chapter 39: The Stalemated Seventies Chapter 40: The Resurgence of Conservativism Chapter 41: America Confronts the Post-War Era UNIT 14: REVIEW FOR AP EXAM APUSH UNIT OUTLINES (SECOND SEMESTER) UNIT 8: The New South, Industrial America, and Urban Society in the Late Nineteenth Century (1865-1900) (Topics 13, 15-16 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 23-25 ) (AMSCO Chapters 16-19) Topics Growth of Railroads (specifically importance to cities) Gilded Age Gilded Age politics: Civil Service, Patronage, reforms Money, position, power: Robber Barons, Captains of Industry Technology and workers Rise of Labor Unions Laissez-Faire v. Government Regulation, Consolidation of Industry Sherman Anti-trust Act Urbanization and the lure of the city Urban problems: sanitation, housing, transportation, police and fire protection, political machines Migration and Immigration Settlement Houses Social Darwinism, Social Gospel, Gospel of Wealth Reconfiguration of southern agriculture: sharecropping and crop lien system Expansion of manufacturing and industrialization The politics of segregation: Jim Crow and disenfranchisement Booker T. Washington v. W.E.B. DuBois UNIT 9: Development of the West in the Late Nineteenth Century, Imperialism, Populism and Progressivism (1865-1916) (Topics 14, 17-18 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 26-29) (AMSCO Chapters 20-21) Topics Conflicts with Native Americans The West: miners, ranchers, cowboys, homesteaders Government policy toward American Indians Gender, race, and ethnicity in the far West Turner’s Frontier Thesis Environmental impact of westward expansion Growth of railroads Agrarian discontent and political issues of the late nineteenth century The Spanish American War and Global Manifest Destiny American Imperialism: political and economic expansion The Populists The origins of Progressive reforms: municipal, state and national Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson: Square Deal, Dollar Diplomacy, New Freedom Women’s roles: Education, family, politics, workplace, reform Black migration, civil rights initiatives UNIT 10: World War I and the Roaring 1920s (1917-1929) (Topics 18-19 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 30-32) (AMSCO Chapters 22-23) Topics American neutrality and eventual entry into World War I War on the homefront: mobilization, discontent, reactions War in Europe Propaganda Fourteen Points, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles Consequences of World War I Society and economy in the postwar years Prosperity in the 1920s The Red Scare Republican politics: Harding, Coolidge, Hoover (domestic and foreign affairs) Leisure and heroes in the 1920s Culture of modernism: science, the arts, and entertainment The consumer society Responses to Modernism: religious fundamentalism, nativism, and Prohibition The ongoing struggle for equality: African Americans and women Nineteenth Amendment: Suffrage UNIT 11: The Great Depression, New Deal, Second World War (1929-1945) (Topics 20-22 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 33-35) (AMSCO Chapters 24-25) Topics Causes of the Great Depression: Illusion v. Reality Rugged Individualism and the response of Hoover The Bonus Army Farmers during the Depression FDR and the New Deal Labor and Union recognition Relief, Reform, Recovery New Deal Critics Surviving hard times: American society during the Great Depression Rise of fascism and militarism in Japan, Italy and Germany Prelude to war: policy of neutrality Lend Lease, mobilization Attack on Pearl Harbor and U.S. declaration f war Fighting a multifront war Wartime diplomacy, war aims and war conferences The U.S. as a global power in the Atomic Age Wartime mobilization and the economy Urban migration and demographic changes Women, work and family during the war Civil liberties and civil rights during war time Japanese Internment D-Day War and regional development Expansion of government power Effects of World War II: domestically and globally UNIT 12: The Early Cold War, 1950s, and Turbulent 1960s (1945-1968) (Topics 23-25 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 36-38) (AMSCO Chapters 26-28) Topics Marshall Plan Origins of the Cold War The United Nations Containment Policy (Truman, Eisenhower) The Second Red Scare (McCarthyism) Demographic changes (Baby Boom, role of women, etc.) Transportation revolution (automobile, interstate system) and its impact The Space Race Conformity in the 1950s and its social critics, nonconformists, and cultural rebels Impact of changes in science, technology, and medicine The rise of teen culture (rock and roll, beatniks, etc.) Affluence and “the other America” The modern Civil Rights Movement (Brown v. Board of Education, Emmett Till, Montgomery, Selma, sit-ins, SNCC, SCLC, Freedom Rides, Freedom Summer, role of federal government, Civil Rights legislation, resistance) Cold War in Asia Conflicts in the Middle East Diplomatic strategies and policies of the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations Election of 1960 Kennedy’s New Frontier Johnson’s Great Society Cold War confrontations (Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Berlin) Impact of Cold War on American society Vietnam conflict (until 1968) Beginning of Détente Antiwar movement and the counterculture (1960s) Economic prosperity of the 1950s and 60s UNIT 13:Politics, Society and Culture at the End of Twentieth Century; Post-Cold War United States (1968-Present) (Topics 26-28 from AP United States History Course Description) (American Pageant Chapters 39-41) (AMSCO Chapters 29-30) Topics Election of 1968 and the “Silent Majority” Vietnam War1968-1973 Demographic changes: surge in immigration after 1965, Sunbelt migration and the graying of America Nixon’s Challenges: Vietnam, China, Watergate Changes in the American economy: the energy crisis, deindustrialization, and the service economy Stagflation of the 1970s Environmentalism (domestic and global) Gerald Ford Presidency Jimmy Carter Presidency Continued issues in the Middle East The New Right and the Reagan Revolution Revolutions in biotechnology, mass communication, television and computers Politics in a multicultural society End of the Cold War George H.W. Bush Presidency Persian Gulf War Bill Clinton Presidency George W. Bush Presidency September 11 War on Terror (Afghanistan, Middle East) Globalization of the American Economy Unilateralism vs. multilateralism in foreign policy Domestic and foreign terrorism UNIT 14: REVIEW FOR AP EXAM Topics Review: DBQ Process Review: Thesis Statements Review: How to Write Historical Analysis Essays Review: Various Themes from the Acorn Book Review: Chapter Review Packets from textbook Review: Brain food Practice: DBQs, FRQs, Multiple Choice Exams Major Assignments/Tests (included but not limited to): Review Charts: Turning Points in American History Review Charts: Presidential Elections Review Charts: War Summary Charts Review Charts: Evolution of the Political Parties Review Charts: Democracy from Jefferson to Jackson Review Charts: 19th Century Presidents Review Charts: 20th Century Presidents Review Charts: Key Supreme Court cases PROGRESSBOOK/WEB PAGE Homework assignments, announcements, grades, and more can be found on ProgressBook and the course web page. Please make sure you access ProgressBook often to get updates on grades and announcements. DAILY EXPECTATIONS Students will come to class with their textbooks, writing utensils, paper, study binder, binder/folders for completed work, student planner and other items requested by Mr. Grayson. Students will keep their binders organized. Most materials will be hole-punched for convenience. Students will be prepared to participate in classroom discussions and provide answers to questions. Students will enter the classroom and be in their seats before the tardy bell rings. Students will adhere to the rules of Madeira High School. Students will not consume food or drink beverages, with the exception of water, in the classroom. Students will respect the belongings and opinions of their fellow classmates and adults in the classroom. Students will ask questions when they do not understand an assignment, material covered in class, or miss material in class. Students will be responsible for their behaviors, work ethic, actions and the ensuing results of their choices. Students will come to class in proper attire for learning and will be in compliance with the dress code. Students will discuss conflicts with Mr. Grayson during the appropriate time. Students will not work on assignments until the lesson/activity is over AND you have completed assignments given to you by Mr. Grayson Pet Peeve Alert!: Students will not pack up materials until instructed to do so and students will remain seated in their seats until the bell rings signaling the end of class. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY/PLAGIARISM Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism will not be tolerated. Plagiarism is difficult to define. However, it is the unauthorized use of another person's work for your own benefit. Even if a portion of your work is plagiarized, it will be treated as if the whole assignment was plagiarized. Any work, which in the sole opinion of Mr. Grayson, is plagiarized will receive a zero and the student will be sent to administration for further disciplinary action as defined by the Student Code of Conduct. One easy rule to avoid a plagiarism controversy: DONT DO IT!!! HALL PASSES I strongly discourage the practice of leaving the classroom except for emergencies. Frequent interruptions and time missed out of class are detrimental to the educational environment. Students are expected to bring the plan book (sometimes referred to as planner or passport) that is provided to them by Madeira High School. In the back of this plan book are the hall passes that are necessary to leave the classroom. To leave the classroom, please follow these procedures: Have your plan book filled out with the date, time and destination to Mr. Grayson for his initials. If Mr. Grayson and/or the class is actively engaged in a lesson, you may not interrupt the class to leave unless is an absolute emergency. You may go the destination you put in your plan book. You will be expected to return in a timely manner. You may not loiter in the halls, talk to other students, or go to places that are not on your plan book no matter your reasoning. For example, to not go to your locker if you write you are going to the bathroom. Students may only leave my classroom three times per quarter. Plan to visit the restroom and your locker prior to coming to class. If a student requests to leave the room and he/she does not have a complete plan book (i.e. I will not accept partial plan books or pages that are ripped out), he/she will be given a detention and sent to the office to purchase another plan book. If a student requests to leave the room and he/she attempts to use the plan book of another student, the request will be denied and both students will be given a detention. CHANGES IN THE SYLLABUS/CLASSROOM POLICY I reserve the right to change the classroom policies and syllabus at anytime during the school year. Please view my web page for updated versions of the syllabus.