Organic and inorganic chemistry
Read the text and fill in the gaps with the missing word. There is usually just one option.
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions 1..................... organic
compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter that contains carbon atoms. Traditional organic
chemists are engaged 2.................... synthesizing new molecules and developing new reactions that
might make these syntheses 3.................... efficient. The kinds of molecules organic chemists
synthesize cover useful things like drugs, flavourings, preservatives, fragrances, plastics (polymers),
and agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides). Moreover, understanding organic chemistry is
4.................... for learning about biochemistry and molecular biology because bio-molecules such as
proteins, sugars, fats, and 5.................... acids (DNA and RNA) are all organic molecules,
6.................... very large ones. Specialists in organic chemistry typically work in pharmaceutical, food
or polymer companies, 7.................... research or teach in organic chemistry, pursue medical careers,
or take up related job opportunities.
Inorganic chemistry studies all substances other 8.................... compounds containing at least one
carbon-hydrogen bond. Carbon form some such compounds classified within inorganic chemistry
9.................... as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; polyatomic ions, cyanides, cyanates,
thiocyanates, carbonates and carbides. Uses for inorganic chemistry include recovering metals from
waste so that they can 10.................... reused and creating new battery technology. Inorganic
chemists also deal with structures of atoms and the ways that they 11.................... bond to form
molecules.
Today, 12.................... are many areas where these two subunits of chemistry overlap. For example,
organometallic chemistry looks at compounds in which carbon - normally studied by organic
chemists - bonds 13.................... a metal - normally studied by inorganic chemists.
Complete the sentence:
.................... compounds always contain carbon while most .................... compounds do not contain
carbon.
Classify the given examples of compounds into organic or inorganic compounds and molecules.
Carbonic acid (H2CO3); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); benzene (C6H6); carbon dioxide (CO2); carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4); diamond (pure carbon); DNA; ethanol or grain alcohol (C2H6O); methane (CH4);
silver; sulphur; table salt or sodium chloride (NaCl); table sugar or sucrose, C12H22O11; urea
[CO(NH2)2]; methylamine (CH3NH2)
Organic Compounds or Molecules
Inorganic Compounds
10 Carbon Facts. (http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/carbonfacts.htm)
One of the most important elements for all living things is carbon. Here are 10 interesting carbon
facts for you. Match the parts of the sentences.
1. Carbon is the basic element in organic (diamond) or one of the softest (graphite).
chemistry,
2. Carbon is a non-metal that can bond with chemical elements, forming nearly ten million
itself and many other
compounds.
3. Elemental carbon can take the form of one of
the hardest substances
countless uses.
4. All carbon was made inside stars,
from the Latin word carbo, for charcoal.
5. Carbon allotropes (diamond, graphite or
charcoal) have
has been known since prehistoric time.
6. Carbon has the highest melting/sublimation
in the universe (hydrogen, helium, and oxygen
are found in higher amounts, by mass).
7. Pure carbon exists free in nature and
particles, such as soot, can damage lung tissue.
8. The origin of the name 'carbon' is derived
point of the elements.
9. Pure carbon is considered non-toxic, albeit
inhaling fine
since it is present in all living organisms.
10. Carbon is the fourth most common element
though it was not produced in the Big Bang.
Word search puzzle. Names and Formulas of Chemical Compounds. Can you find all 14 chemical
compounds? The formulae next to the word search puzzle will help you.
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CH₃COOH
MgS
AlCl₃
NO
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O₃
CaI₂
K₂SO₄
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CS₂
HCOOH
HCl
H₂O₂
H₂O
Translate the following phrases from chemistry.
elektronová konfigurace uhlíku
....................................................................
čtyřvazný uhlík
....................................................................
jednoduchá, dvojná a násobná vazba
....................................................................
nasycené a nenasycené sloučeniny
....................................................................
uhlovodíky a jejich deriváty
....................................................................
řetězec lineární, rozvětvený a uzavřený
....................................................................
nesymetrické rozložení náboje
....................................................................
atomy o různé elektronegativitě
....................................................................
štěpení nepolární vazby
....................................................................
vypočítat hmotnost uhlovodíků
....................................................................
halogenové a sirné sloučeniny nekovů
....................................................................
těkavé organické látky
....................................................................
cyklické uspořádání vzájemně vázaných atomů
....................................................................
chemicky čistá činidla
....................................................................
substituenty připojené v cyklickém uspořádání
....................................................................
Characteristic groups of organic compounds. Fill in the table with the names of compounds below.
alcohols; aldehydes; amides; amines; carboxylic acid; ethers; halogen compounds; ketones;
nitrides; phenols; thiols
Compounds
Characteristic groups
— F, — Cl, — Br, — I
— NH2, — NH — ,
— OH
—O—
— CHO
— CO —
— COOH
— C≡N
— CONH2, — CONH —,
— SH
Bonding. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0g-H1dcfnY).
Pre- listening task. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F).
Then watch the video and check your answers.
 Atoms of metals are made up of a central nucleus (protons and neutrons cluster together)
surrounded by electrons that are constantly orbiting.
 Non-metal atoms may gain electrons and become negatively charged.
 Ionic bonding is when positive and negative ions attract one another and bind together
forming a new substance.
 Ionic compounds like magnesium oxide and sodium chloride have very low melting points so
they conduct electricity when molten.
 A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons.
 The simplest hydrocarbon is methane.
 The carbon atom has six electrons, 2 of the electrons are in its valence shell. F -4 of them are
in the outer shell.
Vocabulary
acetic acid (n)
/əˌsiːtɪk ˈæsɪd/
kyselina octová
agent (n)
/ˈeɪdʒ(ə)nt/
činidlo
albeit (conj)
/ɔːlˈbiːɪt/
ačkoliv (form.)
alcohols (n)
/ˈælkəˌhɒls/
alkoholy
aldehydes (n)
/ˈældɪˌhaɪds/
aldehydy
allotrope (n)
/ˈæləˌtrəʊp/
alotrop
aluminium chloride (n)
/əˈluːmɪnəm ˈklɔːraɪd/
chlorid hlinitý
amides (n)
/ˈæmaɪd/ or /ˈæmɪd/
amidy
amines (n)
/əˈmiːns; ˈæmɪns/
aminy
ammonia (n)
/əˈməʊnɪə; -njə/
amoniak, čpavek
calcium iodide (n)
/ˈkælsɪəm ˈaɪəˌdaɪd/
jodid vápenatý
calcium oxide (n)
/ˈkælsɪəm ˈɒksaɪd/
oxid vápenatý
carbide (n)
/ˈkɑːbaɪd/
karbid
carbon disulphide (n)
/ˈkɑː(r)bən daɪˈsʌlfaɪd/
sulfid uhličitý, sirouhlík
carbon tetrachloride (n)
/ˈkɑː(r)bən ˌtɛtrəˈklɔːraɪd/
chlorid uhličitý
carbonate (n)
/ˈkɑːbəˌneɪt ; -nɪt/
uhličitan
carboxylic acid (n)
/ˌkɑːbɒkˈsɪlɪk ˈæsɪd/
karboxylová kyselina
charcoal (n)
/ˈtʃɑː(r)ˌkəʊl/
aktivní uhlí
cleavage (n)
/ˈkliːvɪdʒ/
štěpení
configuration
/kənˌfɪɡjəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
konfigurace
cyanide (n)
/ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd/
kyanid
diamond (n)
/ˈdaɪəmənd/
diamant
engage in (v)
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ ɪn/
zabývat se
ethanol (n)
/ˈeθənɒl/
etanol
ethers (n)
/ˈiːθəs/
étery
fertilizer (n)
/ˈfɜː(r)təlaɪzə(r)/
hnojivo
fine (adj)
/faɪn/
drobný
fission (n)
/ˈfɪʃ(ə)n/
štěpení
formic acid (n)
/ˈfɔːmɪk ˈæsɪd/
kyselina mravenčí
fragrance (n)
/ˈfreɪɡrəns/
vůně (příjemná)
grain alcohol (n)
/ɡreɪn ˈælkəˌhɒl/
etanol
graphite (n)
/ˈɡræfaɪt/
grafit
halogen (adj)
/ˈhælədʒen/
halogenový
halogen compound (n)
/ˈhælədʒen ˈkɒmpaʊnd/
halogenová sloučenina
hydrochloric acid (n)
/ˌhaɪdrəˌklɒrɪk ˈæsɪd/
kyselina chlorovodíková
hydrogen peroxide (n)
/ˈhaɪdrədʒən pəˈrɒkˌsaɪd/
peroxid vodíku
ion (n)
/ˈaɪən/
iont
ketones (n)
/ˈkiːtəʊns/
ketony
magnesium sulphide (n)
/mæɡˈniːziəm ˈsʌlfaɪd/
sulfid hořečnatý
mass (n)
/mæs/
hmota; hmotnost
matter (n)
/ˈmætə(r)/
hmota; látka
melt (v)
/melt/
tát
methane (n)
/ˈmiːθeɪn/
metan
methylamine (n)
/miːˈθaɪləˌmiːn/
methylalamin
nitrides (n)
/ˈnaɪtraɪds/
nitridy
nitrogen monoxide (n)
/ˌnaɪtrədʒ(ə)n daɪˈɒksaɪd/
oxid dusnatý
organometallic (adj)
/ɔːˌɡænəʊmɪˈtælɪk/
organokovový
ozone (n)
/ˈəʊzəʊn/
ozon
pesticide (n)
/ˈpestɪsaɪd/
pesticid
phenols (n)
/ˈfiːnɒls/
fenoly
potassium sulphate (n)
/pəˈtæsiəm ˈsʌlfeɪt/
síran hořečnatý
preservation (n)
/ˌprezə(r)ˈveɪʃ(ə)n/
konzervace
property (n)
/ˈprɒpə(r)ti/
vlastnost
reagent (n)
/riˈeɪdʒ(ə)nt/
činidlo
recover (v) (metals)
/rɪˈkʌvə(r)/
opětovně získávat, recyklovat
saturated (adj)
/ˈsætʃəˌreɪtɪd/
nasycený
sodium chloride (n)
/ˈsəʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/
chlorid sodný
sublimation (n)
/ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
sublimace; přeměna
sucrose (n)
/ˈsuːkrəʊs/
sacharóza
sulphur (adj)
/ˈsʌlfə(r)/
sirný
synthesize (v)
/ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/
sloučit; syntetizovat
tetravalent (adj)
/ˌtetrəˈveɪlənt/
čtyřvazný
thiocyanate (n)
/ˌθaɪəʊˈsaɪəˌneɪt/
thiokyanatan
thiols (n)
/ˈθaɪɒl/
tioly
unsaturated (adj)
/ʌnˈsætʃəˌreɪtɪd/
nenasycený
volatile (aj)
/ˈvɒlətaɪl/
těkavý