NAME:
Lab Worksheet
Lab Topic 16 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants
Biology 211
Fall 2005
Use the following as a resource as you complete the lab assignment.
ATLAS FIGURES AND COLOR PLATES IN LAB MANUAL
Exercise 16.1 Gymnosperms
Lab Study A Divisions of Gymnosperms Atlas pages 74-81; Color plates 38, 39, 40, 41
and 42.
Exercise 16.2 Angiosperms
Lab Study A Flower Morphology: Atlas pages 92-96; Color plate 43, and 44,
Lab Study C Angiosperm Life Cycle: Atlas page 82; Color plate 48 (ovule) and 49
(pollen tube).
Lab Study D Fruits and Dispersal: Atlas pages 97-98; Color plate 44, 45, 46, and 47.
IN-LAB ASSIGNMNENT
Exercise 16.1 Gymnosperms
Lab Study A Divisions of Gymnosperms (1.25 pt)
1. Review Introduction section, page 428. Complete Procedure, Results and Discussion
sections, p. 429. Use the following resources:
a) live material on display
b) Color plates at the back of the lab manual (see list above)
c) Following web sites
Cycads
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0803.htm#cycads
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Cycadophyta/Zamiaceae/Dioon/Dioon_holmgrenii_
MC.html
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Cycadophyta/Stangeriaceae/Stangeria/S_eriopus_D
W.html
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Cycadophyta/Zamiaceae/Dioon/Dioon_spinulosum/
Dioon_spinulosum_habit_DW.html
Gingkos
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Ginkgophyta/Ginkgoaceae/Ginkgo_biloba/
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0803d.htm (Picture of Ginkgos on OSU campus!)
Gnetophyta -Ephedra
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Gnetophyta/Ephedra/E_nevadensis_habit_DW.ht
ml
Gnetum
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/systematics/Phyla/Gnetophyta/Gnetophyta.html
Welwitschia
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/welwit.htm
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Gnetophyta/Welwitschia_mirabilis/
Table 16.2 Divisions of Gymnosperms
Divisions
Examples
Sketch of examples; include
any reproductive structures
Discussion
1.

(0.25 pt) Identify one of the conifers on display using the taxonomic key found on
OSU tree identification website: http://oregonstate.edu/trees/ (Just for fun, identify
one of the mystery trees found on the website!).
Conifer number: _____ Species name: ____________
Exercise 16.2 Angiosperms
Lab Study A Flower Morphology (1.75 pts)
1. Review Introduction, p. 433-434. Note that the correct general term for the female
part is pistil, not carpel.
2. Complete procedure and results, pp. 435-436.
Table 16.3 Flower Morphology and Pollinators
Features
1. Peruvian lily
Plant names
Number of petals
Number of sepals
Number of stamens
Number of pistils
Monocot or dicot
Sketch of the ovules in the
ovary
The ovules develop into what?
The ovary develops into what?
Color
Scent (+/-)
Nectar (+/-)
Shape (including corolla shape:
tubular, star, etc.)
Special features (landing
platform, guidelines, nectar
spur, etc.)
Predicted pollinator (Hint: use
the key on p, 438)
Lab Study B Pollinators (Skip this exercise).
Lab Study C Angiosperm Life Cycle (2.00 pts)
2. Snapdragon
3. composite
A. Complete Procedure, Results and Discussion sections, p. 439-442.
Results
1.
2. a) Labeled sketch of your prepared microscope slide from procedure 1.
b) Labeled sketch of your prepare microscope slide from procedure 2.
3.
Table 16.4 Results of Pollen Germination Studies
Plant name
30 min (+/-)
60 min (+/-)
Challenge question (0.5 pt)
Pollen germinates in the lab for some species and not at all for others. In some
species, a biochemical signal is required from the stigma to initiate germination. If
the pollen has not germinated after 30 minutes, design an experiment to test the
hypothesis that a substance in the stigma is necessary for pollen germination.
Discussion
1.
2.
B. Once your group feels that it understands the angiosperm life cycle, get together with
another group and teach the angiosperm life cycle to the other group, which will
listen and evaluate your presentation. Instructor’s initials ______________
Lab Study D Fruits and Dispersal (0.75 pt)
1. Complete Procedure and Results sections, p. 443. NOTE: Use the modified Key to
Fruits found on the last page this worksheet, instead of the one in you lab manual.
2. Turn in Table 16.5. Work with a second group and identify three dry fruits, and three
fleshy fruits. Hint: review Results 3, p.443.
Table 16.5 Fruit Types and Dispersal Mechanisms
Plant name
Fruit type
1. dry fruit
Dispersal Methods
2. dry fruit
3. dry fruit
4. fleshy fruit
5. fleshy fruit
6. fleshy fruit
Challenge question (0.5 pt)
The history of life has been punctuated by several extinctions, based on evidence from
the fossil record. The impact of a meteorite may have wiped out the dinosaurs and many
forms of marine lifer at the end of the Cretaceous period. Fossils indicate that plants
were much less severely affected by this and other mass extinctions. Speculate on what
adaptations may have enabled plants to withstand these disasters better than animals?
Justify your hypotheses.
Practice exam questions
1. Microspore is to ______________________ as _______________________ is to
embryo sac.
2. Important terrestrial adaptations that evolved exclusively in seed plants include all the
of the following except
a. pollination
b. transport of water through vascular tissue
c. retention of the gametophyte plant within the sporophyte
d. dispersal of new plants by seeds
e. retention of spores by the parent sporophyte
Clean and reorganize your workspace for the next lab group. Remove slides from
microscopes and turn nosepiece to lowest objective. _____________ Instructor’s
initials
Just for Fun
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0601.htm
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22.
The World's Oldest Living Thing
The Oldest Germinated Seed
The World's Oldest Living Fossil
The World's Most Massive Living Thing
The World's Tallest Tree
The World's Hardest & Heaviest Wood
The World's Smallest Flowering Plant
The World's Smallest And Largest Fruit
The World's Largest Hitchhiking Fruit
The World's Largest Vegetable
The World's Smallest And Largest Seed
The World's Smallest And Largest Leaves
The World's Largest Flying Seed
Longest Distance Traveled By Drift Seed
World's Fastest Reproducing Plants
The World's Fastest Growing Plants
The Fastest Trapdoor On A Plant
The World's Deadliest Plants
Most Painful Botanical Encounters
World's Most Valuable Plant Jewels
Dislaimer: Authenticity Of Coconut Pearls
Most Complex Plant-Insect Relationship
The World's Largest Stinking Flowers
23. Plant & Animal Adaptation Hyperlinks
24. Go To Diversity Of Flowering Plants
KEY TO COMMON FRUITS
1A. Simple fruits (one ovary)
1a. Fruits fleshy
2a. Fruits with a single seed enclosed in a hard pit...............................................................DRUPE
2b. Fruits with more than one seed, the seeds are not enclosed in a hard pit
3a. Fruits derived from the ovary only; endocarp fleshy or slimy..................................BERRY
(berries with a thin skin are called TRUE BERRIES; berries with leathery skin containing
oil are called HESPERIDIUMS= citrus family)
3b. Fruits derived from the ovary plus other parts of the flower; therefore, ovary wall seen as
“core” around seeds.
4a. Fruits with relatively hard rind (= squash family).................................................PEPO
4b. Fruits without a hard rind.................................................................................... POME
1b. Fruits dry
5a. Fruits not splitting at maturity
6a. Fruits with a wing................................................................................... .............SAMARA
6b. Fruits without a wing
7a. Fruits with a hard shell surrounding the seed .........................................................NUT
7b. Fruits without a hard shell
8a. Fruit wall fused to the seed coat.............................. ....... ..GRAIN (CARYOPSIS)
8b. Fruit wall with seed loosely attached.......................................................ACHENE
5b. Fruits splitting in various ways at maturity
9a. Fruits splitting through multiple seams or forming a cap that come off or has a row of
pores near the top.................................................................................................CAPSULE
9b. Fruits splitting along lengthwise along the edges
10a. Fruits splitting along one edge only............................................................FOLLICLE
10b. Fruits splitting along both edges...................................................................LEGUME
1B. Compound fruits Imore than one ovary)
11a. Fruit formed from ovaries of many flowers........................................... ............MUTIPLE FRUIT
11b. Fruit formed from several ovaries in one flower ........................................AGGREGATE FRUIT
Revised 9/2005